Diabetes & South Asian Communities

This assignment delves into the topic of diabetes within South Asian populations. It examines the higher prevalence rates of diabetes among this community, analyzes the influence of cultural concepts on diabetes management, and explores effective interventions tailored to their needs. The analysis draws upon research studies and online resources focusing on South Asian perspectives on diabetes.

Practice-Based
Public Health Profile
and Strategy

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Area presentation: demographics, health status..........................................................................1
Public health issue and justification; health inequalities; main social determinants of health. . .2
Local public health policies; services available; workplace setting............................................3
Area of intervention....................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Public health is largely concerned about interfering some considerable means to reduce
the risk of diffusive diseases in individuals. In context to which, the public health organisations
in UK are taking some impelling measures to promote a healthy lifestyle to people suffering
from such dispersive ailments. It is however a primary responsibility of the public health
agencies and local officials of the nation to measure the factual context of such diseases. The
present report is in context to a similar consideration of a well known ailment called Diabetes
with a leading number of old age patients in it (Abbott and et. al., 2011). It is also in affiliation to
underlay the equivalent measures of South Asian communities in Croydon with a major number
of old age victims of Diabetes in the care homes. It is a major public health challenge where the
World health organisation (WHO) has together contributed in measuring its realistic state in
London that is nearby to the Croydon Borough of UK. Though, the configured measures of
public health largely differs from the other accessible forms of healthcare where they are hereby
concerned with the overall population of nation who are suffering from any challenging health
disorder.
Area presentation: demographics, health status
Ethnicity has always played a greater role in Diabetes wherein, it is mainly in context to
specify about a challenging state of South Asian communities in the prevalence rate of this
ailment. It is where the people belonging to this segment are more likely to suffer from Diabetes
that is 6 times higher than other societal groups. Such raised ration of Diabetes was firstly
assessed in the year 1996 with a significant rise of 2.1 million diabetic patients (Banerjee and et.
al., 2010). With which, the later diagnosis have evidenced that more than 4 million population in
UK are suffering from this disease with a consolidated strength of both young age and older age
people in it. This enumerated ratio is likely to emerge by the year 2025 with 5 million diabetic
population in UK.
It is with a greater role of South Asian communities that includes combined ethnic groups
from distinct nations that is somehow limited to some communal nations like India, Pakistan and
Bangladesh, etc. However, such constricted ratio has together formed a huge South Asian
community in UK with a greater risk of emerging the rate of Diabetes (Gholap and et. al., 2011).
Some atrocious symptoms of Diabetes has been ascertained over here in which its leading
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sufferers tends to feel very thirsty all the time with frequent urination at night. Apart from these
common indication of Diabetes, there together exists two distinct level of this ailment that is
known as type 1 and type 2.
In context to which, the former level of Diabetes rapidly converts into its another level in
youngsters with a light distinct conception for the adults where this conversion takes a periodic
difference of at least 2-3 weeks. It is hereby in opposition to the transition of type 1 Diabetes in
type 2 within a week in the young people (Hawthorne and et. al., 2010). In relation to which, the
leading symptoms of its another level called type 2 Diabetes leads to sudden weight loss with a
bulk loss of muscle tissues. Additionally, the diligent also tends to feel extremely tired with
blurred vision that is usually due to a changed shape of eye lens. Beside this, a very slow and
steady healing of wounds is also yet another major indication of this disease.
In accordance to which, type 2 Diabetes has been mostly envisioned in the old age
population of South Asian communities in Croydon borough of London. These cases are largely
concerned with yet another major issue of obesity with 56% of male adults and 44% females. It
is along with a fundamental existence of mismanaged diabetic remedies that are being
undertaken by the nominated community people (King and et. al., 2012). As per the statistical
ration of diabetic South Asian community, there miserable diabetes management is putting them
at a higher risk of some other health related complications with a susceptible evolution of serious
cardiovascular diseases. In regard to which, a major number of individuals from the concentrated
age group of adults ranging from 20 to 60 years are forecasted to suffer from Diabetes in the
elected community of London, UK.
Public health issue and justification; health inequalities; main social determinants of health
It is mainly in context to a designated public health (PH) issue of Diabetes that is hereby
chosen in context to depict the obsessed population of South Asian community in London, UK.
It is also in relation to determine the leading ratio of adults who are suffering from Diabetes due
to another afflicted ailment of obesity (Prasad and et. al., 2012). It is thence referred to be a PH
issue that is relatively emerging in the old age individuals as per the estimated ratio of WHO. It
is where they have hereby approximated around 60 million sufferers of Diabetes in the entire
European region with a likely estimate of its rising rate in men aged above 25 years as compared
to the women.
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They have together conferred some leading causes like obesity with unhealthy
consumption of food and physical inactivity that results in some other detrimental causations like
overweight, etc. As per the worldwide computation of Diabetes by WHO, they have projected an
annual decease of near about 3.4 million people suffering from high level of their blood glucose
(Saxena and et. al., 2013). In context to which, around 80% of these deaths are reported in
middle to low income level countries with more expiry of people under 70 years of age. With an
analogous reference to which, the calculated percentage is likely to double by the year 2030.
Moreover, there exists some associated factors of health inequalities in the selected
community of London, UK. These constituents are mainly in association to outline the partial
outlook of some authoritative people associated to aid the South Asian community. It is basically
in context to their poor socio- economic condition for which they are often biased by the local
and governmental communities (Ambady and et. al., 2013). These socio- economic status are
being determined by the income, educational and occupational level of the individuals where the
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Illustration 1: Social determinants of health
(Source: Diabetes in South Asians, 2016)

South Asian community in Croydon borough depicts low level earnings. Such unequal
reflections in health however makes a greater impact upon the individuals who are enduring
some worst experiences with shorter life span.
With a similar reference to it, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
in UK has hereby referred to some crucial tactics of social determinates. It is with a vital
contribution of the local authorities of Croydon borough to tackle such unequal health measures
(Garduño‐Diaz and Khokhar, 2012). It is with a foremost challenging percept of reducing the
deviation in both mortality and morbidity rates among rich and poor for increasing the quality of
their life with a prior sense of well-being for the integral local populace. Impelling intercession
for improving the health state of the communities by lessening the unequal measure of health
among them can be appraised by scrutinizing any altered data on fatality rate and morbidity
rates.
It is thereby in depiction of such health inequalities in the PH issue of Diabetes with a
major number of South Asian communities in it. It is where according to the statistical report of
NHS, it has been found that 10% of their annual budget is being contributed in treating Diabetes
that corresponds to 9 billion per year that has been calculated to be £173 a week (Gupta and et.
al., 2011). It is especially in context to the type 2 formation of Diabetes in adults that is expected
to be a long time ailment and thus requires an early detection. However, in case of late diagnosis,
it postulates the patient to associate with long term treatment that in turn demands for huge
investment of funds that cannot be afforded by most of the patients. It mostly includes regular
intake of insulin before and after consuming the food, twice a day. These are the high priced
insulins that are requited to injected on regular basis with no other alternative of survival for
patients who are at an utmost stage of Diabetes (Type 2 diabetes, 2016).
Local public health policies; services available; workplace setting
It is mainly in context to ascertain the local public health policies in context to Diabetes
with some accessible services of NHS in it. It is a public sector health care organisation that is
duly accompanied by public funds and investments. The recent depiction is mainly in order to
determine their workplace setting for showcasing the preventive measures of diabetes (Horne
and Tierney, 2012). However, Diabetes is required to be diagnosed at an early stage of detection
where NHS contributes a greater role in informing some considerable means of reducing the risk
of Diabetes to people. It is mainly in association to forbid type 2 Diabetes in South Asian
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communities of Croydon borough by encouraging the people to adopt a healthy lifestyle from
their younger age. This can significantly lower the chance of Diabetes in the future. However,
the exact causes of Diabetes is perplexing for most of the health care professionals where they
are still dubious about its clear association with obesity and other ethical implications. Though,
the South Asian people are hereby recommended consuming healthy diet with regular exercise
on daily basis (Reduce your diabetes risk, 2014).
It is with yet another substantial requisition of avoiding the consumption of alcohol by
together deflecting another harmful activity of smoking. A focused approached of NHS to inform
the people about reducing the risk factors of Diabetes can largely assist the youths to obviate its
occurrence in their older age. Furthermore, NHS together owes their official website in which,
they have a distinct section of Diabetes where they ask the Asian communities to be vigilant
about their body weight (Osman and Curzio, 2011). It is especially for the age range of 25 above
people in case of Asians and over 40 in case of other ethnic group where obesity will directly
tend them to associate with the risk factors of Diabetes. It is also in reference to those, whose
family members are already suffering from type 2 Diabetes that can resultantly indulge them into
the same. They are thus suggested pertaining to some cautionary steps of prevention that can
later assist them to breakdown the occurrence of type 2 Diabetes. It is where the type 1 along
with another existence of pre- diabetes can be easily cured by early medicinal treatments.
Area of intervention
Diabetes is a growing health care issue that is primarily because of its increasing
prevalence in type 2 diabetes. It is along with some increased cases of type 1 diabetes as well
that has anticipated to double the existence of Diabetes by next 20 years. This ailment accounts a
huge burden of incidence and fatality rates by both micro and macro vascular complications
(Ravikiran and et. al., 2010). However, it is clear that a rigorous control over blood glucose,
cholesterol and blood pressure can largely lessen the risk factors of diabetes related
complications. Though, to accomplish such strict control a structured care is required to be
adopted by the patients. Within past 20 years, the accountability to aid the people suffering from
diabetes has been shifted from hospitals to primary care associations.
During this phase, irregular trials have been demonstrated that in case regular monitoring
of patients are warranted, then this can lead to standardised the primary care set ups. In
equivalence to which, they can hereby provide better services to their clients and users that could
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be better than the outpatient care terms of hospital in the short time period. Apart from this,
several guidelines have been framed that includes some vital content in regard to specify about
diabetes management programs that has been developed at both national and local level for
improving the state of diabetes care in the community (Williams and et. al., 2010). Beside this,
an empirical statistics have suggested that there exists deficient recommendations in compliance
with the diabetes clinical practices in primary care. This has resulted in indulging a large
proportion of patients of diabetes who remains at higher risk.
Accordingly, a broad range of interventions have focussed on improving the stipulation
of diabetes care by attaining amended metabolise control for the afflicted individuals with
diabetes have been enforced. This overview has also addressed the issues for intercepting
foremost ways to restrain the gap between what is illustrated to be effectual in diabetes care and
the attention that is contemporarily rendered by the care providers (Nutrition Recommendations
and Interventions for Diabetes, 2007). It is with a major objective of determining the efficiency
of assorted intercessions by targeting the health care professionals with another relative consent
of their care structure. It is fundamentally in order to amend the administration of patients
suffering from diabetes in all affiliated associations of primary care, community settings and
outpatient. It is basically in association to the American Diabetes Association where they have
hereby involved a leading existence of Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for preventing the
causation of Diabetes.
They also refer to manage the recent prevalence of this disease by slowing down its
developmental rate. They also pay a pivotal attention to its two concentrated areas of obesity and
overweight that are referred to be the two major reasons of Diabetes (Renders, 2001). A leading
intent of MNT is to make liable recommendations to the people suffering from diabetes along
with the health care providers for being vigilant about the beneficial nutrient interference. It is
mainly in context to advise the older age groups who are more likely to suffer from this ailment.
It is where they should hereby tend to indulge in healthy activities for maintaining their blood
sugar level with reduced consumption of sweets and sugary products, etc.
CONCLUSION
The above report is hereby divided into four important perception of practice based
public health profile and strategy. It is with an ascertained public health issue called Diabetes
that is rapidly spreading in both younger and older age people. The current report is however
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with a major consent of determining the factual ratio of old age diabetic patients who are
associated with the communal society of South Asia. The foremost part of this report has
presented the configured facts and figures of Diabetes in order to specify its active demographic
status in the targeted arena of UK. It is basically in regard to examine the realistic facets of the
South Asian community in Croydon borough of London. The subsequent section has laid down
its problematic measures with justified forums of health inequalities and social determinants. It is
with two eventual subdivisions to state about the local health providers like NHS in UK in curing
the discovered health issue with their available services and workplace settings. This has in turn
generated some substantial statistics to outline its certain intervened arenas of improvement.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Abbott, C.A. and et.
al., 2011. Prevalence and characteristics of painful diabetic neuropathy in a large commu
nity-based diabetic population in the UK. Diabetes care. 34(10). pp. 2220-2224.
Ambady, R. and et. al., 2013. Primary prevention of Type 2 diabetes in South Asians—
challenges and the way forward. Diabetic Medicine. 30(1). pp. 26-34.
Banerjee, S. and et. al.,
2010. South Asian strokes: lessons from the St Mary's stroke database. QJM. 103(1). pp.
17-21.
Garduño‐Diaz, S.D. and Khokhar, S., 2012. Prevalence, risk factors and complications associate
d with type 2 diabetes in migrant South Asians.Diabetes/metabolism research and review
s. 28(1). pp. 6-24.
Gholap, N. and et.
al., 2011. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in South Asians. Primary Care Dia
betes. 5(1). pp. 45-56.
Gupta, L.S. and et. al., 2011. Prevalence of Diabetes in New York City, 2002–
2008 Comparing foreign-born South Asians and other Asians with US-born whites, black
s, and Hispanics. Diabetes Care. 34(8). pp. 1791-1793.
Hawthorne, K. and et.
al., 2010. Culturally appropriate health education for Type 2 diabetes in ethnic minority g
roups: a systematic and narrative review of randomized controlled trials.Diabetic Medicin
e. 27(6). pp. 613-623.
Horne, M. and Tierney, S., 2012. What are the barriers and facilitators to exercise and physical a
ctivity uptake and adherence among South Asian older adults: a systematic review of qual
itative studies. Preventive medicine. 55(4). pp. 276-284.
King, G.L. and et. al.,
2012. Understanding and addressing unique needs of diabetes in Asian Americans, Nativ
e Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders. Diabetes Care. 35(5). pp. 1181-1188.
Osman, A. and Curzio, J., 2011. South Asian cultural concepts in diabetes.Nursing times. 108(10
). pp. 28-30.
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Prasad, D.S. and et. al.,
2012. Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in Asian Indians: A community
study from urban Eastern India. Journal of cardiovascular disease research. 3(3). pp. 204
-211.
Ravikiran, M. and et. al.,
2010. Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians: a commu
nity survey.diabetes research and clinical practice. 89(2). pp. 181-188.
Saxena, R. and et. al., 2013. Genome-
wide association study identifies a novel locus contributing to type 2 diabetes susceptibili
ty in Sikhs of Punjabi origin from India. Diabetes. 62(5). pp. 1746-1755.
Williams, E.D. and et.
al., 2010. Assessment of physical activity levels in South Asians in the UK: findings from
the Health Survey for England. Journal of epidemiology and Community Health, pp. jech
-2009.
Online
Renders, C. M., 2001. Interventions to Improve the Management of Diabetes in Primary Care,
Outpatient, and Community Settings. [Online]. Available through:
<http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/24/10/1821>. [Accessed on 18th November 2016].
Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes, 2007. [Online]. Available through:
<http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/30/suppl_1/S48>. [Accessed on 18th November 2016].
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Reduce your diabetes risk, 2014. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Diabetes/Pages/Avoiddiabetes.aspx>. [Accessed on 18th
November 2016].
Type 2 diabetes, 2016. [Online]. Available through: <http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-
type2/Pages/Introduction.aspx>. [Accessed on 18th November 2016].
Diabetes in South Asians, 2016. [Online]. Available through: <https://www.diabetes.co.uk/south-
asian/>. [Accessed on 18th November 2016].
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