Unit 4 Management and Operations Assignment (Sample)
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Added on 2020-02-05
Unit 4 Management and Operations Assignment (Sample)
Added on 2020-02-05
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UNIT 4: MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONSSTUDENT NAME: MIHAELA ALICE FRUNZETESTUDENT ID: 14791COURSE:REDBRIDGE -HND IN BUSINESS- CAMPUS: WENTWORTH HOUSE GANTS HILLSUBMISSION DEADLINE: 12 02 2017
Table of contentsOverview of the Organisation:.....................................................................................................................3Task 1: Case problem..................................................................................................................................4a) Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager............................4b) Examine with examples how the role of a leader and the function of a manager is applied in different situations within your organisation..............................................................................................................5c) Apply theories and models of leadership approach including situational leadership , systems leadership and contingency in specific situations within your organisation..................................................................6Task 2 Case problem...................................................................................................................................7b)Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives........10c)Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and decision making by leaders and managers.................................................................................................12Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................15Reference List:..........................................................................................................................................17Appendices:...............................................................................................................................................19Appendix 1:...............................................................................................................................................19Appendix 2:...............................................................................................................................................20Appendix 3:...............................................................................................................................................21Appendix 4:...............................................................................................................................................22
Introduction:The report deals with an understanding of how leadership and management create an impact upon theperformance of an organisation in an industry.Operation management deals with the design, operation , and improvement of the systems that createand deliver a firm ‘s primary products and services., being a functional field of business with clearmanagement responsibilities.This report aims to evaluate the concept of leadership and management in context to a company in thefood industry, in this case, Subway IP Inc so it is mandatory to start with their definition. Leadership is influencing others by your character , humility and example. Unlike management ,leadership cannot be taught , although it may be learned and enhanced through coaching or mentoring.Management is the organization and coordination of the activities of a business in order to achievedefined objectives. In this report, a comparison has been drawn between the roles of a leader and the manager in thecompany, and their roles and functions in context to various situations arising in the company have beenthorough discussed. Further, their roles and functions have been critically analysed in context to theorganisation, followed by an understanding of their relationship in context to the present businessenvironment existing in the organisation. Overview of the Organisation:The Subway IP Inc. was founded by Dr. Peter Buck and Fred de Luca in the year 1965, in Connecticut,the USA, under the name of Pete’s Super Submarines. Today it has 44,882 outlets in 112 countries itself.The aim of the organisation is to be the fastest Quick Service Restaurant which provides fresh andnutritious food for its customers. The objectives of the organisation are to continue evolving their menufor providing their customers with tasty, nutritious meal while complying with the highest standard andquality of food (Subway.com, 2017). The organisation also strives to find sustainable methods for thesupply of materials and usage of energy, while encouraging their franchisees to include organisationaldiversity in business. Today the organisation is one of the first preferences of people, who prefer a fresh,nutritious meal.
Figure 1: Logo of Subway IP Inc.(Source: Subway.com, 2017)Task 1: Case problem a) Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a managerA leader and a manager are both seen as controlling figures in an organisation. The leader can be defined as that individual working in the organisation, who directs the team ofemployees in achieving a certain target allotted for the particular team. A leader keeps the team motivatedand empowered to achieve as much as they can, getting the best out of each individual for the benefit ofthe team by being himself a dedicated part of the team. Various theories like the trait theory and the behavioural theory of leadership have revealed that theleader is people pleasing in origin, and has a charismatic personality, is authentic and knows how toendure failure before raising up(Rae, 2017, p.76). According to the situational theory, a leader arises intimes of critical situations, gives examples, inspires people and deals with the problem as per thesituational context. He seeks new ways of working toward goals through that sparkle in his eyes andthrough his personality that cannot be faked. It is due to this that, the leader has followers and themanager has employees.The contingency model of leadership further supports the situational theory of leadership by elucidatingthat a leader takes creativedecisions in times of need, which make be risky for the organisation as awhole. Thus, a leader has a transformational and action-based style of leadership (Carter et al. 2014,p.691).The manager, on the other hand, is the body of individuals that collects, collaborates and controls all theresources required for achieving the organisational goals. As per the trait and behavioural theories ofmanagement, the manager is more oriented towards the task allotted to the team members, and are seento comply more with the laws and policies followed by the organisation, in order to enable the companyto sustain in the food industry. Even though they have a charismatic personality, they are not risk-oriented, focuses only on work and always conforms to standard.(Zietsmaet al. 2014, p.79). Rather, they areaverse to any sort of risks which may arise for the organisation as a whole. This fact, has been furthersupported by the situational theory of management and the contingency model of management, whichfurther support the fact that on the rise of a chaos in the organisation, the manager, investigate the matter
to solve problems, and monitor the implemented strategy, in order to avoid any future chaos which mayrisk the sustenance of the company in the industry(Zonaet al. 2013, p.299).Leaders can be managers but not all the managers can be leaders.b) Examine with examples how the role of a leader and the function of a manager is applied indifferent situations within your organisationThe leader and the manager at restaurant outlets of the Subway IP Inc. are seen to implement variousstyles and know-how gained by experience in various situations. The manager of subway utilises the trait,behavioural and situational theories of management along with the contingency model of management, inallotting individuals with various targets, to each and every team member, to look into their allotted tasks(Beck and Cowan, 2014, p.5).Subway encourages all its managers to lead by example.There are four imperative functions that unsure smooth operations of a business: planning , organizing,leading and controlling.A manager at Subway must create and stick with a plan as planning is thefoundation for management. Once plans have been made and ready to be implemented organizing is thenext logical step that combines the resources available to the team. Once planning the motivation (orleading) plays a significant part in influencing how inch organizational or departmental goal is to bereached by building relationship through open communication. And in the end a manager must evaluatethe efforts of the organizational goal achievement.The manager of Subway uses his four functions of business management on a daily basis: preparation ofmonthly rota, organizing the staff to execute the plan, leading with clear instructions, motivating them towork harder and controllingby making weekly a performance review.In a situation like that of a mother, who is buying a meal for her six years old kid, asking for the bestoption in the menu, the leader can direct the employees to advise the lady to opt for akids park, choosinga sandwich as per the child’s preferences. The leader guides the team members, to advise properly, andcut the vegetables, making sure they are fresh and not infected or have become rotten with time, as wellas are of the right texture. This the leader does so, with the application of the trait, behavioural andsituational theories of leadership, along with the contingency model of leadership, ensuring that thecustomer receives the best quality service by the restaurant (Edwards et al. 2015, p.328). However, should a team member fail to achieve the goal of the organisation, and serve a ham sandwich toa lady of another religion, the manager is to punish the employee, and refund the money, or provide a
veggie sandwich without payment to the customer, ensuring the sustainability of the restaurant in theindustry. (Refer to Appendix 1). Having seen the situation and how leader acts in that particular situation, role that manager would playmight be different. According to Mintzberg (1973), there are three various managerial roles whichincludes interpersonal, decisional and informational roles. Interpersonal roles consist of figurehead, leaderand liaison.As a figurehead of Subway the manager becomes a negotiator and a disturbance handler that is trying toachieve an agreement with the lady that got the ham sandwich by proving a veggie sandwich withoutpayment, a monitor that it is staying alert with the changes and trying to keep the customer satisfied (theyshall further provide her with two options, where she shall first be provided with the option of a 4 inchesVeggie sandwich or a Turkey Sandwich without the need for payment for the same, in case the lady is nottoo angry) because one unhappy customer leads to ten unhappy customers. The manager is also adisseminator by influencing the attitude and the behaviour of the employees, he is transmitting the goodand the bad information about the issue for everyone to learn something from it, how to handle thecustomer and spokesperson by using this situation as an example in the next meeting. c) Apply theories and models of leadership approach including situational leadership , systemsleadership and contingency in specific situations within your organisationLeadership: Leadership in an organization like Subway IP Inc. always gives a direction, sets some visionand spreads the awareness of change and innovative ideas in an organization. They take strategicdecisions and channel the organization.Situational leadership: Situational leadership means that leader is trying to incorporate within him thechanges that have come both in the institution and in his followers. He tries to become more and moreaccommodative.Systems leadership: In systems leadership model, the existing systems are well understood and as perthe organizational structure following the model the criteria of leadership are framed. The factors of anorganization or business are considered as a part of leadership.Contingency leadership: In this, the leadership is judged as per the function of various contingencies.Those are judged in the form of different task or groups and their variables. The leader and hiseffectiveness is guided by the demands of the organization.The leadership of Subway IP Inc. shall apply the behavioural and situational theories along with thecontingency model of leadership, in order to handle such a rise of a chaotic situation. In the case of amother buying a meal for her six year old child, where she has been provided a ham sandwich instead of a
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