Paediatric Radiography Practices

This assignment delves into the field of paediatric radiography. It examines various aspects such as immobilisation techniques for young patients during plain film radiographic examinations, the interactions between paediatric patients and radiographers, and practical considerations for specific radiographic procedures like knee surgery and Lisfranc injuries. The document also highlights the importance of understanding pediatric anatomy and physiology in context of radiographic imaging.

Critical
Appraisal

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
The immobilisation and restraint of paediatric patients during plain film radiographic
examinations....................................................................................................................................3
An observational study based on the interaction between the paediatric patient and radiographer
..........................................................................................................................................................5
Gonad shielding in paediatric pelvic radiography: Effectiveness and practice...............................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Here, in the present essay it is essential for care providers to identify the reason that best
care services needs to be provided in terms of to paediatric patients and thus examine them
appropriately so that proper care and support could be provided to them and thus attain desired
results. Also, carrying out effective practices results into performing the best outcomes and thus
helps in raising the use of paediatric plain film helps in carrying out effective practice and
support for clinical radiographers so that best health care services could be delivered to patients.
The immobilisation and restraint of paediatric patients during plain film
radiographic examinations
As per the opinion of Madura and Johnston (2017), immobilisation and restraint of
children helps in facilitating radiographic examination is an controversial issue which has been
relatively ignored through carrying out radiography research. However, the main aim of this
study is to assess the gap between the research in order to provide a description regarding
restraint used in a limited number of clinical sites and also highlight any perceived way of
training, policies or regulations so that it could be used within child immobilisation and restraint.
However, Lampignano and Kendrick (2017), argued that it is essential for care providers to
identify the reason that best care services needs to be provided in terms of to paediatric patients
and thus examine them appropriately so that proper care and support could be provided to them
and thus attain desired results. Also, facilitating health care professionals aims to deliver
appropriate examination so that it could facilitate radiographic controversial issue and thus it
could be ignored by radiography research. However, it's main aim is to assess the research gap in
regard to provide a description of restraint used in a limited number of clinical sites and thus
highlights any perceived need for training, policies and guidelines and thus use of child
immobilisation and restraint (Graham and Hardy, 2004).
immobilisation and restraint of paediatric patients
As per the view of Miller and et. al., (2017), purpose of the research is to identify the
immobilisation and restraint of children in regard to facilitate radiographic examination and thus
it is also an controversial issue that needs to be relatively ignored through using radiography
research. However, the main aim of the study is to fill the research gap through providing a
description of restraint used in a limited number of clinical areas so that they could highlight any

type of perceived requirement for training policies or guidelines n the use of child
immobilisation and restraint. It is essential for researcher to assess the perceived need for
training and formulate policies or guidelines in the use of child immobilisation and restraint.
However, Puna and Tomlinson (2017), argued that child immobilisation and restraint in regard to
use limited number of clinical sites in regard to highlight any perceived need for training so that
best results can be attained. Also, the method which was used in order to carry out the study was
cross sectional survey design in regard to use questionnaire. Thus, it is an effective method that
is used by scholar so that they can conduct the research through using such method and thus
obtain responses in order to evaluate the outcomes. Drubach (2017), stated that if survey was
not used that researcher was not able to conduct such a wide information from various
respondents. Therefore, it is essential for them to carry out effective study and obtain the best
responses in terms of attaining best results. However, questionnaire is being posted on e-mails
and google scholars so that it could be distributed to wide number of audiences and then it could
be filled by them. However, the respondents that are selected for the study are 167 radiographers
which is very wide range of people and thus they are being selected from 6 different hospitals.
Hence, crucial information would be obtained and it could be utilised so that best information
can be obtained. However, Madura and Johnston (2017), argued that selecting such number of
respondents are effective in order to obtain effective results and thus desired questions could be
asked from researcher. It is essential for them to conduct a wide research using different
respondents in result of distributing to radiographers who are being employed within 6 different
hospital trusts.
Impact of plain film radiographic examinations
As per the opinion of Lampignano and Kendrick (2017), using the restraint paediatric
plain film radiography is considered as an apparently widespread practice and thus supports for
clinical radiographers. Through the development of training opportunities and practice guidelines
which is seen as essential in regard to promote high quality paediatric radiography practices so
that desired results can be attained. However, carrying out effective practices results into
performing the best outcomes and thus helps in raising the use of paediatric plain film helps in
carrying out effective practice and support for clinical radiographers so that best health care
services could be delivered to patients. However, Miller and et. al., (2017), argued that selecting
wide number of respondents for reviewing their responses helps in carrying out effective training

opportunities and practice guidelines so that it is essential to promote high quality paediatric
radiography practices needs to be carried out which results into performing best actions. Also, it
is significant for them to obtain different responses which aims to focus upon performing desired
actions and thus obtain best results so that success can be attained. Thus, the main outcome of
the study was assessing the widespread practice and support for clinical radiographers through
developing appropriate training opportunities and practice guidelines and helps in effectively
promoting the high quality paediatric radiography practices in terms of delivering high quality
performance to patients (Puna and Tomlinson, 2017).
An observational study based on the interaction between the paediatric
patient and radiographer
interaction between the paediatric patient and radiographer
As per the view of Thenappan and et. al., (2017), the practice of paediatric radiography
needs to be completely different skill and thus it needs to set so that it can match with the adult
radiography. However, when becoming a paediatric patient it is essential for them to develop
effective cooperation which is considered as the most difficult role. Also, it is essential to ensure
that child needs to cooperate and thus for that proper examination need to be made in order to
make positioning easier. Hence, it helps in providing potential positioning so that a proper
diagnostic image could be created. However, Vasconcelos and et. al., (2017), argued that it is
essential for paediatric radiography aims to completely set a different skill in regard to identify
the reasons and match the same with adult radiography. Also, using appropriate cooperation and
helps in ensuring that proper examination needs to be made in order to develop an effective
diagnostic image. Further, the main aim of the study is to assess the interaction between the
paediatric patient and radiographer in regard to uncover the techniques used so that it is also
essential to help alleviate any type of fear or stress that the child patient might feel. Also, it is
essential for them to provide appropriate care and support so that best results can be carried out.
Stoustrup and et. al., (2017), stated that the main of the study is to identify the interaction
within the paediatric patient and thus radiographer needs to uncover different techniques which
is being used by them so that they can help in alleviating any type of stress which is being faced
by child. However, Contreary, Collins and Rich (2017), argued that there is an effective
interaction between paediatric patient and radiographer so that it helps in uncovering the
different techniques which is being used by the radiographer and thus helps in overcoming any

type of stress or fear which is being faced by children when they are under radiographer for
diagnostic. Further, while carrying out the study the method which is being used in regard to
carry out the study is direct observational method and thus it is considered as effective in regard
to help both radiographer and child's guardians which is being provided with full written consent.
However, it is essential for them to undertake effective practices so that such method is carried
out as an effective method through which radiographer and resultant reactions from the child
were being recorded in regard to develop an appropriate observational checklist designed for
paediatric examinations (Singh, Sood and Kaur, 2017).
impact of interaction between the paediatric patient and radiographer
As per the Trinh and et.al., (2017), opinion of the main results which were obtained from
the study were 79 patients who were aged between 3 months to 15 years and 13 radiographers
with no particular training of paediatric training other than experience were being observed.
However, through carrying out effective observations it helps in identifying that lower limb,
upper limb, abdomen and chest projections are considered as effective so that interaction could
be made within radiographer and paediatric children. However, Thenappan and et. al., (2017),
argued that it is essential for identify the emotions of children and therefore, it helps in
improving the interaction level so that responses can be collected in an effective manner.
Through carrying out successful methods of alleviating a child's fear and anxiety within an X-ray
room so that it involves the use of child friendly equipment such as colorful, toys so that it could
attract children and their mind could be diverted. Thus, through such way it is very attractive and
thus helps radiographer to identify the stress and unrest situation of child. It is also essential to
carry out all such practices so that appropriate results could be attained.
Furthermore, through the study it can be evaluated that successful methods are being
alleviating such as child's fear and anxiety within X-ray room so that they could manage the
work and take their reviews. Also, carrying out effective examinations results into providing
effective practices and thus improve the responses so that best results can be carried out.
However, when the time was short and workload was high it could be identified that
radiographers were less likely to spend time calming the child down and thus instead they were
more focused upon accomplishing the examinations which will be quickly as possible (Harding
and Davis, 2015).

Stoustrup and et. al., (2017), explained that carrying out effective practices results into
performing the desired actions so that children could be managed in terms of carrying out the
effective practices and thus helps in improving the performance so that best results can be
attained. Also, it is essential to maintain effective practices would result into performing the
desired actions and thus focus upon improving best performance in regard to manage the
children's health and support so that desired actions could be carried out in an effective way.
Gonad shielding in paediatric pelvic radiography: Effectiveness and practice
As per the opinion of Frush (2017), using Gonad Shields helps in advocating during the
pelvic radiography within children helps in identifying the risk from radiation which is high.
However, previous research report which is being identified in terms of GS that has been omitted
and rarely used correctly. However, GS has been advocated in regard to assess the pelvic
radiography and thus assess that children's are required to eva 22 luate the risks from radiation
which is high. Also, it has been evaluated that use of GS in the context of previous researches so
that best results can be carried out. Further, it is significant for scholar to carry out effective
study that helps in improving effective performance so that best results can be attained.
Therefore, using effective technology assists in improving the performance and thus results in
carrying out best actions and therefore, it helps in fulfilling the main objectives of the study.
Further, carrying out retrospective analysis of images from an existing DICOM Digital Teaching
Library (DTL) needs to carried out and thus helps in performing the desired actions so that
appropriate results cn carrying out effective results so that best results can be attained. It helps in
identifying that images of the pelvis from paediatric were reviewed and scored on whether a GS
was present in order to consider to adequately protect the gonads.
Rankin (2017), stated that carrying out current practice of gonad shielding is neither
effective nor beneficial that helps in making the risks from radiation are higher. Therefore, it is
essential to undertake effective GS are often omitted and rarely used in order to correct the
experiences so that best results can be attained. Through carrying out retrospective analysis of
carrying out images through DTL technology it would be useful so that best results can be
attained, providing proper review assists in carrying out effective analysis and thus consider that
adequately it helps in protecting the gonads. Through carrying out the research it helps in
obtaining best information so that appropriate results could be attained. Therefore, it is essential
for researcher to identify that current practice of gonad shielding is neither effective nor

beneficial for female paediatric patients and thus they need to take proper care before exposing
themselves to X-ray. However, Vasconcelos and et. al., (2017), argued that gonad shielding is no
longer an appropriate optimization tool for female paediatric patients in order to carry out
effective conventional radiography of the pelvis and should be abandoned. Also, assessing the
best factors helps in influencing the patients and provide them appropriate outcomes so that best
results can be carried out.
It is essential for medical practitioners to carry out effective practices using effective
techniques and thus protect the child through not affecting them. However, in order to review the
best practices there are effective GS that needs to be considered and protect the gonads. Hence,
proper gonad shielding practices is being carried out. Through carrying out effective practices
would result into developing gonad shielding is no longer an appropriate optimization tool for
female paediatric patients during conventional radiography of the pelvis and thus it should be
abandoned (Contreary, Collins and Rich, 2017). Further, carrying out effective analysis results
into performing the desired actions so that appropriate outcomes can be attained. Also GS needs
to be carried out effectively in regard to improve the patients' performance in market and
therefore, they need to be carried out so that best results can be attained (Warlow, Walker-Birch
and Cosson, 2014).
It can be carried out so that best results can be attained in terms of identifying the needs
of patients and thus, fulfil the needs of patients so that best results can be carried out. Through
reviewing the business practices it helps in maintaining effective practices for patients so that
best results can be carried out. Further, carrying out current practice of gonad shielding is neither
effective not beneficial for female paediatric patients. Thus, through gonad shielding is no longer
an appropriate optimization tool for female paediatric patients during conventional radiolography
of the pelvis and should be abandoned (Singh, Sood and Kaur, 2017).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that reviewing the business practices it helps
in maintaining effective practices for patients so that best results can be carried out. Further,
carrying out current practice of gonad shielding is neither effective not beneficial for female
paediatric patients.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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making at the point of care: a narrative literature review.Journal of Comparative
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Drubach, L.A., 2017, January. Nuclear Medicine Techniques in Pediatric Bone Imaging.
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Frush, D.P., 2017. Radiation, Risks, and… a Rational Approach in Diagnostic Imaging: What the
Radiology Team Should Know. Journal of Radiology Nursing. 36(1). pp.10-14.
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plain film radiographic examinations. Radiography. 10(1). pp.23-31.
Harding, J. and Davis, M., 2015. An observational study based on the interaction between the
paediatric patient and radiographer. Radiography. 21(3). pp.258-263.
Lampignano, J. and Kendrick, L.E., 2017. Workbook for Bontrager's Textbook of Radiographic
Positioning and Related Anatomy. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Madura, C.J. and Johnston, J.M., 2017. Classification and management of pediatric subaxial
cervical spine injuries. Neurosurgery clinics of North America. 28(1). pp.91-102.
Miller, M.D. and et. al., 2017.Operative Techniques: Knee Surgery. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Puna, R.A. and Tomlinson, M.P., 2017. The Role of Percutaneous Reduction and Fixation of
Lisfranc Injuries. Foot and Ankle Clinics. 22(1), pp.15-34.
Rankin, J., 2017. Physiology in Childbearing: With Anatomy and Related Biosciences. Elsevier
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outcome: an observational study. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 4(2).
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Stoustrup, P. and et. al., 2017. Clinical Orofacial Examination in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis:
International Consensus-based Recommendations for Monitoring Patients in Clinical
Practice and Research Studies. The Journal of Rheumatology. 44(3). pp.326-333.
Thenappan, A. and et. al., 2017. Review at a multidisciplinary tumor board impacts critical
management decisions of pediatric patients with cancer. Pediatric blood & cancer. 64(2).
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Trinh, A. and et.al., 2017. Fractures in spina bifida from childhood to young
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Vasconcelos, R. and et. al., 2017. Reducing Iodine Contrast Volume in CT Angiography of the
Abdominal Aorta Using Integrated Tube Potential Selection and Weight-Based Method
Without Compromising Image Quality. American Journal of Roentgenology. 208(3).
pp.552-563.
Warlow, T., Walker-Birch, P. and Cosson, P., 2014. Gonad shielding in paediatric pelvic
radiography: Effectiveness and practice. Radiography. 20(3). pp.178-182.