Report on a global health issue from a local, national and global perspective

Report on a global health issue from a local,
national and global perspective

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Global Health Concerns...................................................................................................................4
Service Models................................................................................................................................7
Practitioners...................................................................................................................................10
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................14
References......................................................................................................................................15

Introduction
This project has an aim to develop critical analysis of International perspectives upon health and
social care exploring key integrated service models. Various approaches have been used to
demonstrate awareness of the impact of these issues upon services in other countries. The chosen
disease is HIV for studying the impact of role of heath care practitioners in European and other
developing countries. The project has been discussed in three interrelated subheadings; Global
Health Concerns, Service Models and Practitioners. The reason behind shortage of skilled
workforce in respect of curing HIV has also been discussed in this assignment.

Global Health Concerns
Disease from developing countries
Activists claim that 10% of the World Wellbeing Study promises conditions that account for
90% of the world's health problems. They argue that most of the common diseases in low-paid
countries are despised and that the pharmaceutical industry has contributed little to innovation
(R&D) for these diseases.
Many diseases in low-income countries are completely prevented or treated with existing drugs
or transplants. Much of the disease problem in low-wage countries has its roots in the
consequences of poverty, for example, unassisted eating, indoor air pollution and unauthorized
access, legitimate infection and welfare training. WHO estimates that need-related diseases
account for 45% of the infectious problem in the poorest countries. Be that as it may, in practice
these corridors are managed by standard orders or can be blocked in any situation. Tuberculosis,
bowel disease and HIV / AIDS, for example, together account for nearly 18 percent of health
problems in richer countries.
In some cases, exorbitant costs require access to drugs in certain areas, but the manufacturer does
not control these exorbitant costs alone. Neighborhood value inflation is unique in a number of
countries, including port taxes, liberties and cargo, ship margins, and focus tax assessments,
regional and neighborhood, which may add additional costs to the essential cost of drugs. In
addition, regular duties are an important factor in determining the cost of the drug to the final
consumer in low-income countries. A 57-nation study commissioned by the European
Commission in 2003 looked at drugs implemented for curing transferable diseases. After
analyzing the survey report and journal articles, it was identified that those countries which
executes high tax rates on medicines are more exposed to these communicable diseases.
Likewise, Infectious disease research equally faces nearly identical problems in all countries of
the creative scene. The lack of funds correlates with the money required for advanced equipment
and the feedback, skill and focused preparation of the problems faced by all researchers while
carrying out their work. It is worth remembering that social, social and political needs are the

most important variables. Lack of political will and corruption are a major obstacle to
encouraging trial exercises here.
The impact of global poverty, health inequalities, and access to healthcare on HIV
HIV transmission is a natural occurrence that is entirely dependent on the social context and the
experiments performed. It has long been understood that HIV transmission is part of four
interrelated variables: the dominance of HIV in the neighborhood, specific practices, organic
elements and social conditions. Previous creators have conceptualized the invisible variables that
make up HIV plagues as cohesive motions, in which changes in a single gear of the machine
move the following consistently.
The spread of HIV requires insignificant contamination in a population to provide an appropriate
predictor of transmission. The most relevant part of neighborhood HIV leadership takes place at
an informal organizational level. For HIV to be transmitted, the infection must be in direct
contact with the cells that are vulnerable to the disease, especially those phones that carry the
atoms of the specific surface film to which the disease is exposed. 'connection and thus
contaminate the host cells. . The level of risk for HIV transmission from a particular pipeline is
controlled by the rate of rapid presence of both the disease and the infectious cells. Because HIV
transmission is a natural event, several factors can promote or prevent the spread of HIV. People
with HIV change their instability based on infection and well-being. In particular, the level of
infectivity in the blood plasma, or viral loads, is highest in the long primary stages of illness and
again towards the later stages of AIDS. Regardless of the stage of the disease, the concentrations
of infectious cells present at the time of introduction of the disease have a greater impact on the
likelihood of transmission.
Necessity, segregation, inequality, and other social conditions promote the spread of HIV by
influencing neighboring HIV communism simply as a person's risky habits. For example, the use
of both substances can reduce the likelihood that a person will take protective actions, for
example, using condoms, and the use of substances can stimulate HIV reproduction and thus
increase instability (Kapadia, Vlahov, Donahoe and Friedland, 2005). Weakness in relationships
caused by financial stress, embarrassment, separation, aggressive behavior at home, mobility and
increased addiction all contribute to the design of a sexually explicit mix that promotes the
spread of HIV. Access to medical services offers the potential to alleviate several sources of HIV

transmission risk by reducing irresistibility through antiretroviral treatment and reducing
impotence through emotional well-being, substance use and STI therapy. .
The abbeys are clear in the spread of HIV, however in the treatment and course of the disease.
Although the effects of HIV drugs have substantially improved the well-being and life
expectancy of people living with HIV contamination, these benefits are not shared equally
among segments of the US population (Chen et al., 2012). Pass rates are decreasing in some
areas, remaining unchanged in others and at least increasing in others (Chiu, Hsu, Wang and
Nkhoma, 2008). The welfare effects of HIV and AIDS are very interesting but have not been
sufficiently studied.
Welfare disparities are now being seen in the UK, with the burden of disease and mortality being
more pronounced among the poor and racial and ethnic groups. Within minors, disturbances are
based on lines of finance; those at the lowest stages of the social ladder have the best disease
problems. Financial conditions (SES) and intermittent illnesses fall very reliably on a slope,
where those with lower SES have a generally less fortunate well-being and are more often
plagued by various illnesses than the those above them on a SES stool (Adler and Stewart, 2010).
For example, despite the fact that osteoarthritis, cervical malignancy and other infectious
diseases affect people at all levels of finance, those at the lower end of the SES have a much
more specific dominance. HIV infection, however, does not reflect a relationship assessed in the
SES; instead, HIV pollution is among the poorest with the few people at the center and in the
highest social strands that carry HIV.
Role of Voluntary and statutory organizations in curing HIV
Many countries ravaged by conflict have substantial morbidity and mortality attributed to
HIV/AIDS yet HIV treatment is uncommonly available. Not all inclusive permits can be
included in HIV care unless the needs of a population in conflict-affected areas are likely. Since
2003 Doctors Without Borders has provided HIV treatment, including antiretroviral treatment, to
24 projects in conflict or post-conflict situations, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV care
and treatment exercises were usually coordinated within other clinical exercises. The action
information collected in the Fuchia programming framework was analyzed and the results
compared and the ART-LINC information.

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is a useful association that provides clinical assessments of the
population in crisis. MSF works in many hearing-impaired settings to address the acute health
needs of affected populations in the midst of a collapse in welfare management. In a large
number of these projects, widespread and widespread health needs associated with HIV have
been identified. As the ART deal could fundamentally reduce mortality and morbidity, MSF's
operational department in Amsterdam (MSF-OCA) has begun to provide HIV treatment care and
exercises in these projects.
Service Models
There are four key models for medical care frameworks: the Beveridge model, the Bismarck
model, the national health insurance model, and the money-based model. Although, in principle,
there are areas of unprecedented strategy in these classes, in reality most countries have a
combination of these methods, but for the most part the medical care framework is isolated
which is divided by most of the residents. These credentials are powerful in separating strategic
thinking of medical care, but each country's strategies should be disseminated while deciding on
a possible upgrade. There. These models have been examined below:
1. The Beveridge Model
The Beveridge model was first developed by Sir William Beveridge in 1948. Built in the UK and
distributed throughout many parts of Northern Europe and around the world, this framework is
often focused through the establishment of public welfare administration. The administration acts
as a single payer, killing market conflicts and generally keeping costs down. Funding medical
care through annual assessments notes that medical services are free for administrative purposes
- after consent or action, the patient does not have to pay any monetary costs due to his or her
commitment through costs. In this framework, a much larger proportion of the welfare workforce
is made up of government representatives. The focal point of this model of goodness is
fundamental freedom. Therefore, widespread inclusion is ensured by the administration and any
resident has similar access.
With the legislator as the sole payer in this medical care framework, costs can be kept low and
the benefits normalized across the country. However, a typical analysis of this picture is the

desire to keep records for a long time. As everyone is guaranteed access to welfare
administrations, overuse of the framework may require extension costs. There are fears that the
election of a single public welfare government in the United States would provide a popular
extension for all devices, even those that are useless in treatment, since residents would not pay
for these administrations directly. However, a number of analysts have objected to this issue,
saying that American customs tend to invest a relatively large amount of money covering the
uninsured.
2. The Bismarck Model: social health insurance model
A more decentralized form of medical care, the Bismarck model was developed in the late 19th
century by Otto von Bismarck. Companies and employees subsidize medical transmissions in
this model: the people used use "sources of infection" made with mandatory financial guarantees.
Additionally, private security plans have scattered all users, with little consideration for previous
conditions.
Wellness service providers are generally private institutions, but social health insurance
resources are seen as open. In some countries there is a single sponsor (France, Korea); different
countries may have different security network providers (Germany, Czech Republic) or different
non-controversial backup plans (Japan). Despite numerous support plans, the legislator maintains
strict control over costs by providing suppliers with safety nets without any benefit. These
measures will require the legislator to use a comparative measure of power over costs for welfare
controls found in the Beveridge model.
3. The National Health Insurance Model: single-payer national health insurance
The public medical coverage model combines parts of the Bismarck and Beveridge models. Like
the Beveridge model, the group operates as a single payer for clinical methods and, like the
Bismarck model, the providers are private. Extensive insurance does not earn or reject claims
Recently, countries with Beveridge-type clinical care facilities would have aligned with
Bismarck’s ambitions or vice versa, prompting clinical administration agreements in some
countries, for example Hungary and Germany, to move towards a mixed model attack. In some
countries like Canada, private insurance contracts are being considered with people who can help
themselves.

4. The Out-of-Pocket Model: market-driven health care
In regions that are not created with very little funding to make a complete clinical impression,
patients have to compensate for their procedures with money. Without adequate funding, the
poor will not be able to bear the cost of a satisfactory clinical evaluation. Surprisingly, this
situation is consistent across several countries as only the most reputable countries have strict
medical services offices. Anarchy in wealth promotes anomaly in the production of government
aid in these countries.
In the United States, many aspects of medical care are pay-driven. People growing up in the
United States are less likely to see a regular doctor and tend to be in untreated condition than
adults in Canada, even considering they think they have to do it good high or terrible more
consistent than Canadians, who are more moderate in the their reactions. Differences in
assistance due to financial situation and identity can be found in each country, but are generally
clearer in the United States than in regions such as Canada. The percentage is uninsured for
various states, from 3.6% in Massachusetts to 20.6% in Texas. As of 2015, the percentage of
uninsured people in the United States is 13.0%. The debate on expanding inclusion and limiting
spending is indeed extending to Congress - any progress can radically change these numbers.
Impact of service models on Population
In the insurance service model, it is argued that avoidance and correction of agents are essential,
and thus, by increasing the cost of clinical consideration care requires an increase in the interest
in essential expectation. This situation is tantamount to the moral risk ex-bet, which is
characterized by the fact that the defense for therapeutic consideration seems to discourage a
necessary expectation. One of the conditions is the inclusion of health coverage through cost
sharing. At the same time, it is suggested that the introduction of safeguards for corrective
consideration may support the use of selective immune systems with early detection of infection.
In this sense, helpful abstraction and correction may be added to agents because early detection
is important only on the off chance that it is unlikely to be followed by corrective consideration.
Despite many conversational assumptions, the appropriateness of the model is not considered as
a general rule and how the money-based ration can influence a lifestyle related to expectation
and well-being.

Most tests start in the United States and only two English-language circuits come from Europe.
The range of U.S. medical care plans, typically served by the private side, makes cost-sharing
one of the key administrative components of cost control and a source of commitment from the
policyholder. This highlights the high level of commitment to cost sharing and the need for
reviews to assess the impact of cost sharing. At the same time, well-being is approaching in most
European countries with more frequently and cheaply funded medical service frameworks
instead of secretly funded zero with additional lateral restrictions such as the reduction of
spending ceilings rather than requiring secondary boundaries such as cost sharing. After that,
cost sharing is limited in Europe.
Hardly any research addresses the impact of population management models on the use of
protective administrations in particular in relation to the presence or absence of morally
dangerous risks in medical services. Given the perceived notion that buyers see expectations and
regulation as ancillary rather than substitutes, it would mean that the inclusion of a defense for
consideration of healing could reinvigorate the use of defense administrations aimed at detecting
abuse early. This is largely due to the fact that early identification is only important if it can be
trained with therapeutic care. To illustrate this argument, it must be demonstrated that the
inclusion of protection for therapeutic treatments would increase the use of protection systems
regardless of their safety. However, to date, there are no tests that analyze this problem. Existing
versions simply analyze the link between sharing costs for defense administrations and using
them. It is generally accepted that cash benefits reduce the use of collateral as they make them
more expensive. However, the question of whether these patterns are to be considered can at
least encourage strong behavior or persuade individuals to use protective regimens when they are
not adequately protected indeed it remains unanswered.
Practitioners
The roles and responsibilities of practitioners
Worldwide, health service leaders and practitioners play an important role in strengthening
wellness cadres. Capability systems for welfare management practitioners usually represent a
professional desire for welfare for good performance within the context of a country’s specific
benefits sector. Nonetheless, a growing number of benefits management, boardroom jobs are

working above national level, with experts wanting a global perspective and the skills and
knowledge to work successfully in a series of nations and contexts. This review provides an audit
of the most important features that can be seen to motivate welfare managers to succeed when
working in such jobs.
Some of the skills and abilities required to work in Health care in other countries have been
discussed below:
Empathy
In medical services, it is important for a professional to hear about patients and the difficult
situations others are facing. As an article in the British Journal of General Practice points out,
compassion is constantly cited as a key part of strong and useful lectures, but its impact is
studied in a limited way.
Relative skills are at the heart of many work environments than letters, but for healthcare
professionals it is far more important. Healthcare professionals are required to speak with
patients and their families despite regular contact with colleagues. According to the Institute for
Healthcare Communication, evidence shows that there are strong progressive links between the
ability to relate with medical care colleagues and the patient's ability to complete clinical
recommendations, self-treat interpreted disease, and acquire health care practices. protective
well-being.
As revealed in an article in the Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, patients' perception of
the nature of the medical services they receive depends primarily on the nature of their
partnership with the doctor and their medical services group. This suggests that strong
interpersonal skills are essential for patient observation and performance.
Teamwork
An important feature of medical care staff is the prospect of the collaborator. Many areas of
medical services are similar to group activity, with many people advancing in patient
consideration. It is crucial that you understand how you should work with these partners to the
benefit of the patient. A study in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that
higher teamwork was associated with better patient outcomes.
Work Ethic

The ability to work hard depends on many qualities that come from hard work. There are several
aspects to hard work, including rehabilitative skills, awareness, behavior, and general behavior.
Some organizations portray the attitude of hard work as a belief in the ethical benefit and
meaning of work and its unique ability to strengthen character.
As many areas of medical care require hours in addition to the usual 9 to 5 hours of work, it is
vital that future medical service representatives support a strong sense of hard work. Medical
services are an area of study. The hours are long. The issue can be troubling. Without the
pressure to work, you may end up in decline.
Stress Management
In medical services, of course, life can be called into question. This is a ton of tension to deal
with. According to tests, medical care workers are at high risk for burns if they do not have
enough emphasis on board strategies. Burnout is an experience of long-range fatigue and less
commitment to work.
Positive Attitude
All manufacturers can make a profit with a positive mental state; however, in medical services
this skill is especially valuable. Due to the demands of the business, the pressure of collaboration
and the ongoing meetings with patients, it is important that medical services staff maintain a
strong position. The very brutal factors of medical services without much stretching can wear
someone down, which can trigger stress and other negative consequences.
Flexibility
Since many jobs in medical care don't meet the usual 9-5 hours, flexibility is essential for dealing
with an organization. Your partners may want to relocate or stay up late. A patient who desires
may take longer than expected.
Time management
Performer time is of the essence in any profession, but in medical services where real life is at
stake it is far more important. You will be constantly slowed down in a variety of ways at work,

so it's important that you understand how to handle the emergency. A day of health care can be
very busy, and sometimes it can feel like there aren't enough hours in the day.
Confidence
Because jobs in medical services are a facelift, it's important to build confidence in your work.
According to an article in the Patient Experience Journal, certainty is seen as one of the most
powerful elements in influencing death. In addition, as the study pointed out, accuracy led to
higher scores in postoperative tolerance levels. Feeling positive about your range of abilities
speaks directly to patients and affects their experience.
Reason behind shortages of skilled workforce in developed countries
In Europe, there is an inconsistent distribution of editorial specialists and medical assistants.
Only Denmark, Germany and Sweden are more of the two specialists, and Croatia, Estonia,
Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and the UK both need doctors and medical
assistants for travel rates.
This staff shortage has some complex causes. Internal reasons are strongly identified by staff
maturity, difficult working conditions, poor long-term learning, promotion skills, tax promotion,
and inappropriate social identity. Furthermore, the desire for a new buyer is linked to the
changing demands for assistance, in particular the number of elderly patients with chronic
conditions, multimorbidity and handicaps. This exciting new demonstration was largely
unpredictable by welfare administrations, who did not change their care behavior patterns over
time, eliminating staff adjustments and increasing mechanical improvements. . As a follow-up
report, 82% of consumption among medical care specialists around the world is legitimately
identified by the structure of society's well-being and the renewal of the foundation.
The potential to attract more women and young people to work in the welfare field is linked to
the construction of regional borders and the strategic activities of the Ministry of Welfare,
Training, Finance and Employment in all European countries. Of course, it will be necessary to
change the framework of medical care, subsidizing and also producing new openings, but the
impact will not be extended without a more explicit social recognition of all well-being and
occupations - obstetrics and pediatrics, but it includes, in addition to geriatrics / long-term care,

the benefits of palliative care, just like practitioners, health professionals and necessarily all
specialists who work in wellness and care social thinking.

Conclusion
After discussing all the aspects of assignment, it can be concluded that; the creation of nations
offers tremendous potential for the study of inevitable disease in order to study the spread of
disease, science, correction and expectation. For example, the spread of atomic disease may be of
interest to experts in tracing the source and hereditary fingerprints of strong users, although
vaccines are exploring the viability of vaccines around the world. One might consider studying
the underlying mechanism of antimicrobial inhibition in microscopic organisms or the
proliferation of highly destructive strains of some bacterial, viral or parasitic species. In fact, it is
unbelievable for most developing economies to be divided into, for example, better drug
publishing and vaccines. Gradually, large doors open here for enthusiastic researchers and young
scientists.
The compatibility between open protection and private use allows medical clinics to maintain
autonomy while minimizing internal inconvenience with protective measures. Financial barriers
to treatment are usually low and most patients can choose their healthcare providers. The best
medical care professionals understand how to deal with stress, but they also succeed. Be that as it
may, to prevent burns it is equally important for high pressure medical service staff to seek
advice and find out how to accommodate their call requests.

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