Corporate Social Responsibility Literature Review

This literature review provides an in-depth analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its significance in today's business environment. The report discusses the concept of CSR, its importance, and how it contributes to a company's growth and development. It also examines the role of compliance officers in ensuring that companies adhere to CSR regulations and laws. The review is based on various studies and research papers that highlight the benefits and effectiveness of CSR initiatives. Overall, this literature review offers valuable insights into the world of CSR and its potential to drive positive change in society.

Report on
Corporate Social
Responsibility

ABSTRACT
This report has discuss about literature review and the importance of it to achieve the
objectives. It also discuss about literature review on the topic “ Corporate Social Responsibility”.
It also reflects the requirement of it for the corporation.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Literature review and what does it achieve ..........................................................................1
1.2 Purpose of Literature review..................................................................................................2
2. LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................................................................................2
2.1 Definition of corporate social responsibility according to literature.....................................2
2.2 Discussion about the topic.....................................................................................................3
2.3 Three key issues relating to the CSR.....................................................................................4
3. ANALYSIS..................................................................................................................................4
4. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Literature reviews is the term which denotes about the views, ideas and suggestions of
people about a specific topic or term. There are various authors and individuals provide its point
of view about a particular subject matter. Corporate social responsibilities shows the
responsibility of company towards the society which involves general public as well as outsiders.
There are various persons and authors who provide its views and suggestion about the term CSR.
It is the responsibility of corporation to involve in the activities which are associated with
corporate social responsibilities. This report has discuss about the literature review in context to
the CSR. It is the responsibility of compliance officer to take care about the activities which are
associated with it. This report also talks about purpose of literature review and the definition as
per the literature review and the issues which are related to the corporate social responsibility.
Proper analysis in the terms of CSR and on the basis of it draw the recommendations.
MAIN BODY
1.1 Literature review and what does it achieve
Literature review is useful to conduct a research for a specific purpose so that a
researcher can analyse the things about a subject matter and draw a meaningful conclusion with
valid recommendations (Moser and Martin, 2012). There are various articles, newspaper,
journals are used to know the reviews of different persons and authors. It covers the information
about a topic which involves summary, introduction and objectives and contains the necessary
information about a subject matter. This type of reviews can useful when researcher does not
sufficient time to conduct the research and it use it so that it can understand about the specific
topic. There are various websites and online resources has been used for the literature review so
that an individual can know the terms more effectively and in better way. It involves the
following things such as: the topic of research related to a particular task, analyse, summarise &
compound the information and survey about the information which have relation with the
particular topic (Lanis and Richardson, 2012).
Literature review is helpful to know the views of different persons about a single
topic as a result more clear ideas can be come up in mind with clarity of thoughts which provide
a meaningful results and outcomes. In the research it is very helpful to reach a final result related
to particular subject mater.
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1.2 Purpose of Literature review
There are various purposes to use literature review because it is very important for the
researcher who read and conduct the research so that it can accomplish its objectives and goals.
As literature review is needed to be achieve because of the following reasons:
Determine the contribution of source: It is helpful to analyse the level of contribution
in every aspect of research. In addition to identify the level of information that is provided by
each source (Hoi and Zhang, 2013).
Save times of researcher: The main thing which is needed to be achieve is to save time
as well as cost.
Demonstrate the knowledge on the subject: About a specific subject matter it increase
the knowledge which is helpful to develops the insights about the research or a subject matter.
Analyse inconstancies: With the help of it gaps & issues can be identified which is
helpful to conduct the research.
Helps in identifying the need of additional research: It is helpful to justify the research
by analysing the requirement of additional research about a matter.
So with the help of these points the objectives and aims can be achieve which are
beneficial to conduct the research to get a positive outcomes from the literature review. In the
secondary research it is very helpful and beneficial. With the help of literature review a
researcher can conduct the research and produce a better result which fulfil the objectives of
topic.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of corporate social responsibility according to literature
Corporate Social responsibility is required to be done by the corporations so that welfare
of people will be possible who lives in the society. As per Douglas & Emily, CSR is required to
cope up with the changing environment. Business environment is flexible, it can't be same as
well as need of external & internal parties change (Grayson and Hodges, 2017). So it is required
for the corporation to formulate various strategies regarding CSR activities. It guide the
organisations to fulfil its responsibilities in context to take care of interest about the society and
stakeholders. For the welfare of community and its people it is very beneficial and helpful in the
growth of nation. It is required for the companies to contribute in corporate social responsibility
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for the goodness of people who lives in society. For that purpose organisations have to
contributes from its profit which has earned during in the year. There is a fix percentage which
has been set the companies law that every organisation have to contribute it if it is earning
profits. According to Friedman, primary responsibility of firm is to generate higher profits and
for that purpose it have to fulfil other responsibilities which are associated with it and in context
to internal & external environment.
2.2 Discussion about the topic
According to Horrigan (2010), there is no widespread definition of corporate social
responsibility due to high levels of ambiguity & controversy related to subject matter. If an
organisation has involves in CSR activities than its market image and reputation has been
enhanced that it is putting efforts for the welfare of people and the persons who lives in country
(Crowther and Seifi, 2018). As the compliance manager of corporation is take care the matters
and activities which are associated with the term corporate social responsibility. According to the
Mallen Baker, CSR is how corporations manage its business processes to produce an overall
positive influence on the society. It involves ethics, beliefs and social impact that is followed by
the company to develop its business. It is an philanthropy approach which is very useful and
beneficial for the business of corporation. As organisation have answer the following things
which are related to its business activities and it involves: the employees who includes in the
management and the attitude and behaviour of their influence towards the society in the different
aspects. As corporate social responsibility does not burden for the corporations because many
people think it is the liability because they have to spent money but they do not know it is helpful
to increase goodwill and reputation of organisation in the market. As a result more number of
consumers can attract towards the company. It is important for the firm to make policies by
analysing the factors such as: internal and external environment factors. So there are various
aspects with are associated with the term CSR and support the business of corporation. So it is
beneficial for the organisation in every aspect. It is also helpful for the organisation to create job
opportunities because people will attract towards the firm that it is more concern about the
society and they have to work in the corporation. As a result enterprise does not need to find
candidates for the purpose of job. It is also helpful to minimise and solve the problems at the
workplace and it also promotes equality and fairness at working place. So for the growth and
success of firm it is very helpful and beneficial (Deng and Low, 2013).
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2.3 Three key issues relating to the CSR
There are various issues which are associated with the term corporate social
responsibility activities. According to Hancock, CSR is associated to maintain freedom &
republic at the work place.
Discrimination & harassment: This specific problem is associated with discriminating
the workers based upon its personal factors. As the other side, if an organisation have involve in
harassment related activities than it shows the unethical behaviour which is not good for the
growth of company (Brammer and Matten, 2012).
Inequality at work: This specific issue is related to provide equal rights to the workers
who work in the firm reason being the workforce has segregated in gender, religion & income
level. It can demotivate the workers which can reduce the efficiency also.
Unfair reward system: To motivate the employees it is important to provide the rewards
so that they put maximum efforts to achieve the objectives of company. It is required for the
organisation to give rewards on the basis of performance of workers.
If an organisation is not earning as a result it does not have sufficient profits and in this
case there are no compulsion to contribute towards the corporate social responsibility.
3. ANALYSIS
According to LEI (2011), it analysis on evolution of corporate social responsibility states
to maintained the area which emphasis to analysed definitions are: discretionary responsibilities,
beliefs, morals and ethics (Bauman and Skitka, 2012). There is a specific criteria made by the
companies law of the nation which mentioned the types and size of organisation that what types
of organisations are liable to contribute towards the corporate social responsibility and what
types of companies does not spent any amount for the CSR activities. It is not only to contribute
the funds for the society but it involves to do ethical things for the success and growth of
business. It is clearly related to set of different activities and plans which deals with social
problems. As the management has decides that how much amount of percentage is required to be
contribute for the CSR activities for the purpose of social welfare and contribution. The criteria
which is set by the company law is required to be follow but if a corporation wants to contribute
more than it can do as per the its desire but it have to fulfil minimum criteria for it which is
mention by the tribunal.
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It is requited for an organisation to involve in corporate social responsibility and the
activities which are associated with it. If a corporation has deny than it have to pay fines and
penalties as per the criteria set by the company law. If a firm does not have sufficient profits to
contribute towards the corporate social responsibility than it can contribute in it when it generate
the profits. It is not compulsory that if an organisation is suffering from the losses than it have to
pay towards the CSR. According to the Howard Bowen, CSR is the responsibility of
businessmen to pursue policies which are helpful to take effective decisions and beneficial to
take appropriate actions which support to meet the objectives and goals.
4. RECOMMENDATIONS
As from the above discussion it has been analysed that it is required to follow CSR
activities by the organisations. As the researcher has spent millions of dollars to understand that
is really corporate social responsibility is beneficial for the company and can increase the market
reputation and goodwill of the organisation. So as per the reviews of different persons and
authors it has been analysed that it is really beneficial and helpful for the company. It is requited
for an organisation to involve in corporate social responsibility and the activities which are
associated with it. If a corporation has deny than it have to pay fines and penalties as per the
criteria set by the company law. If a firm does not have sufficient profits to contribute towards
the corporate social responsibility than it can contribute in it when it generate the profits. As
every company there is a compliance officer who take care about the laws, regulations, and
compliances which are required to be follow by the organisation. If a company does not
contribute towards the corporate social responsibility than compliance offer is responsible to give
justification of not contributing towards the CSR activities (Aguinis and Glavas, 2012).
CONCLUSION
As from the above report, it has been analysed that literature review is beneficial and
develops the insights about a specific subject matter. It is very help in the research so that
researcher can know the views and ideas of different persons about a specific subject matter.
Corporate social responsibility shows the responsibility of company towards the society, people,
internal and external parties. In the growth of country it is very helpful and beneficial and
provides help in development.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2012. What we know and don’t know about corporate social
responsibility: A review and research agenda. Journal of management.38(4). pp.932-
968.
Bauman, C. W. and Skitka, L. J., 2012. Corporate social responsibility as a source of employee
satisfaction. Research in Organizational Behavior.32. pp.63-86.
Brammer, S., Jackson, G. and Matten, D., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and institutional
theory: New perspectives on private governance. Socio-economic review.10(1), pp.3-28.
Crowther, D. and Seifi, S. eds., 2018. Redefining Corporate Social Responsibility. Emerald
Group Publishing.
Deng, X., Kang, J. K. and Low, B. S., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder
value maximization: Evidence from mergers. Journal of financial Economics.110(1).
pp.87-109.
Flammer, C., 2015. Does corporate social responsibility lead to superior financial performance?
A regression discontinuity approach. Management Science.61(11). pp.2549-2568.
Grayson, D. and Hodges, A., 2017. Corporate social opportunity!: Seven steps to make
corporate social responsibility work for your business. Routledge.
Hoi, C. K., Wu, Q. and Zhang, H., 2013. Is corporate social responsibility (CSR) associated with
tax avoidance? Evidence from irresponsible CSR activities. The Accounting
Review.88(6). pp.2025-2059.
Lanis, R. and Richardson, G., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: An
empirical analysis. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy.31(1). pp.86-108.
Moser, D. V. and Martin, P. R., 2012. A broader perspective on corporate social responsibility
research in accounting. The Accounting Review.87(3). pp.797-806.
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