Employee Well-being and Organizational Culture

This assignment investigates the relationship between organizational culture, employee well-being, and organizational effectiveness. It delves into concepts such as embeddedness, organizational trust, voice behavior, and leadership styles. Students will analyze various theories and models to understand how organizational climate influences employee satisfaction, motivation, and ultimately, organizational success. The study draws upon empirical research and real-world examples, particularly focusing on the hospitality industry.

Organisational Behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
ACTIVITY 1....................................................................................................................................4
Evaluation of leadership theories.................................................................................................4
Assessing the impact of managerial style on organization’s effectiveness..................................5
Way in which motivational theory helps to motivate employees................................................5
Theories relating to work relationship and interaction................................................................6
ACTIVITY 2....................................................................................................................................7
Way in which organization can facilitate innovation and creativity............................................7
Importance of learning in organizations......................................................................................7
Evaluation of effectiveness of team working...............................................................................7
Effectiveness of change in organization......................................................................................8
ACTIVITY 3....................................................................................................................................9
Culture and structure of Marriott and impact of their effectiveness............................................9
ACTIVITY 4....................................................................................................................................9
Different approaches to organizational decision-making............................................................9
Managerial approach to risk and uncertainty in decision making..............................................10
Evaluation of the effectiveness of organizational decisions......................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour assist to identify customer perception and their understanding
which increase quality of products and services. It will make improvements in manager and
employees skills which make effective functioning at workplace. It motivate to employees for
achieve objectives for development within the enterprise. (Burkov, Goubko and Novikov, 2013).
Present study is based on Marriott hotel which is the largest international hotel industry operating
in UK. They are providing various services through franchising as well as by online. They are
running their operations in more than 120 countries (About Marriott International - Find Your
World, 2017). For gaining insight knowledge of cited firm, report covers different types of
leadership theories and impact of managerial style on organization’s effectiveness. Furthermore,
it includes analysis of theories which are relating to work relationship and interaction. Moreover,
it covers the importance of organization culture theory which develops enterprise effectiveness
of company. In addition to this, report evaluates effectiveness of team-working within enterprise.
At last, it assesses the management approaches to risk and uncertainty within organization.
ACTIVITY 1
Evaluation of leadership theories
Numerous studies have been conducted for evaluating the leadership. It will assist to
create effective towards firm leaders within company. In this context, various theories persuade
from time to time that influence to effectiveness of leaders within the enterprise (Heydari and
Gholtash, 2014). Some of the leadership theories are stated as below:
 Trait theory: This theory emphasizes on the innate qualities of leader which leads to their
effectiveness within enterprise. In this context, traits quality help to leaders for becoming
more effective for achieving goals of the company . For instance, confidence, knowledge,
etc. (Spielberger, 2013).
 Behavioural theory: According to this theory, organization identifies behaviour of
leaders to make successful operations within the enterprise (Lyon, Mšllering and
Saunders, 2015). Leaders can be task or people oriented to make decisions by using any
leadership style such as democratic, autocratic and so on.

 Transnational leadership theory: This theory is based on reward and punishment system
on the performance of leaders. When this style is used in the firm, transactional leaders
are tasks and result oriented (Chakrabarti, 2017).
 Transformational leadership theory: Transformational leaders are inspired with their
followers due to their vision, ideas and perception (Burkov, Goubko and Novikov, 2013).
It includes components such as intellectual simulation, consideration for individual,
inspirational motivation and idealized influence. Assessing the impact of managerial
style on organization’s effectiveness
Managerial style put a direct impact on the organizational productivity.
INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour assist to identify customer perception and their understanding
which increase quality of products and services. It will make improvements in manager and
employees skills which make effective functioning at workplace. It motivate to employees for
achieve objectives for development within the enterprise. (Burkov, Goubko and Novikov, 2013).
Present study is based on Marriott hotel which is the largest international hotel industry operating
in UK. They are providing various services through franchising as well as by online. They are
running their operations in more than 120 countries (About Marriott International - Find Your
World, 2017). For gaining insight knowledge of cited firm, report covers different types of
leadership theories and impact of managerial style on organization’s effectiveness. Furthermore,
it includes analysis of theories which are relating to work relationship and interaction. Moreover,
it covers the importance of organization culture theory which develops enterprise effectiveness
of company. In addition to this, report evaluates effectiveness of team-working within enterprise.
At last, it assesses the management approaches to risk and uncertainty within organization
(Chang, Su and Chu, 2015).
ACTIVITY 1
Evaluation of leadership theories
Numerous studies have been conducted for evaluating the leadership. It will assist to
create effective towards firm leaders within company. In this context, various theories persuade
from time to time that influence to effectiveness of leaders within the enterprise (Heydari and
Gholtash, 2014). Some of the leadership theories are stated as below:

 Trait theory: This theory emphasizes on the innate qualities of leader which leads to their
effectiveness within enterprise. In this context, traits quality help to leaders for becoming
more effective for achieving goals of the company . For instance, confidence, knowledge,
etc. (Dastyari and Shahabi, 2014).
 Behavioural theory: According to this theory, organization identifies behaviour of
leaders to make successful operations within the enterprise (Lyon, Mšllering and
Saunders, 2015). Leaders can be task or people oriented to make decisions by using any
leadership style such as democratic, autocratic and so on.
 Transnational leadership theory: This theory is based on reward and punishment system
on the performance of leaders. When this style is used in the firm, transactional leaders
are tasks and result oriented (Chakrabarti, 2017). Transformational leadership theory:
Transformational leaders are inspired with their followers due to their vision, ideas and
perception (Burkov, Goubko and Novikov, 2013). It includes components such as
intellectual simulation, consideration for individual, inspirational motivation and
idealized influence. Efficiency of every firm depends on the performance of job
performed by each department and their success towards the business (Tang, Tang and
Tsaur, 2016). Managerial style which influences the organization’s effectiveness includes
the following elements:
 Communication: Managerial style can affect communication and productivity in Marriott
hotel. Bureaucratic leaders are very slow to take decisions because they check every time
to make sure each message of company reach to every part of company. It affects the
operations of cited firm because employees do not get proper instruction and information
which they need to make effective results (Schneider, Ehrhart and Macey, 2013).
 Employee input: Employee input is term which creates more efficient works method to
improving productivity of employees towards the business. With the help of democratic
style, management can increase the input given by employees. It will assist the manager in
Marriott to get participation of their employees towards business performance. Another
aspect that lead to major changes within firm is responsible for company operations. Thus,
it is an important element which affects the managerial style (Babnik, Širca and Dermol,
2014).

 Morale: Managerial style directly influences employee’s morality. Autocratic leaders of
the organization create great impact because they are never got employees participation
within the enterprise. This is because, they always take rules and regulations for operating
functions at workplace (Dekas, Bauer and Sullivan, 2013). Manager follows this style to
create morale and discipline among their members. Way in which motivational theory
helps to motivate employees
Motivational theories can be determines in two categories which assist remain
competitiveness at workplace (Burkov, Goubko and Novikov, 2013). Following theories are
considered within Marriott for improving employee’s performance and to motivate them:
 Maslow’s theory: This theory refers to motivating employees as per assessing different
types of needs and fulfilling the same. In includes five kinds of needs, that is,
physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization (Lemmon and Wayne, 2015).
According to this theory, every individual has different needs according to their income.
An individual cannot be satisfied by fulfilling his/her higher level needs until their lower
level needs are not intended. If manager gives self actualization needs to their employees,
they should give them offer reward and promotion Towards the work performances. The
theory proves to be highly effective in motivating employees for attaining the set
objectives of organization. With satisfied needs, they become highly motivated and
confident enough to perform with higher efficiency (Ng and Feldman, 2013).
 Herzberg theory: Herzberg theory consists of two factors which help in motivating the
employees towards attainment of business objectives effectually. First is hygiene factors
which involve working conditions, pay, status, lifestyle and other benefits at workplace
(Lyon, Mšllering and Saunders, 2015). In this context, manager need to provide these
benefits to their employees so that company can make sustainability of their employees
towards the organization and they are make full support for achieve Marriott targets.
Further, motivational factors include achievement, recognition, personal growth and
investment for future growth within the firm. According to this theory, business needs to
provide both kinds of factors to the employees for making them highly motivated and
running operations in an effective and smooth manner by which ultimately the revenue
can be increased (Alvesson, 2012). Theories relating to work relationship and interaction

Organization theory consists of systematic and scientific analysis of individuals, groups
and business to understand, predict and improve performance of every employee. In this context,
motivational theory helps to make the best results with keeping a string relationship and
interaction with workers (Hopkin, 2012). With the help of suitable motivation theory, Marriott
can gain the best results for development of organization. Maslow’s theory is the best suitable
one for Marriott that can be used by cited it to make a strong work relationship and keep
effective interaction in between employees of the organization. It makes effective functioning
with taking participation of every employee at workplace. Beside this, when manager fulfil their
employee needs they can take loyalty from them towards company. with enhancing employee’s
participation at workplace (Xenikou and Furnham, 2012).
ACTIVITY 2
Covered in PowerPoint PresentationWay in which organization can facilitate innovation and
creativity
With the help of innovation and creativity, Marriott can facilitate their effective functions
to attract potential customers towards organization. In order to make innovation and creativity in
the cited firm, following elements can be used:
 Foster an open, creative work environment: To foster creativity at workplace, some
organizations offer refreshment and other benefits to employees for maintaining their
sustainability at workplace (Tang, Tang and Tsaur, 2016). Positive attitude is helpful to
make working environment healthy at workplace. In this aspect, open and creative
environment need to be taken y Marriott.
 Motivate team: Positive reinforcement assists in motivating the team members
(Schneider, Ehrhart and Macey, 2013). With the help of rewards, incentives and other
benefits, Marriott motivates their employees which ultimately result in bringing
innovation and lead creativity in the firm.
 Encourage diversity: Wide range of working styles, processes and other aspects help to
lead innovation and creativity at workplace (Dekas, Bauer and Sullivan, 2013). It is
essential for having growth and maintaining revenue for business.

Importance of learning in organizations
With the help of learning at workplace, manager of organisation can relate various
things for manage their functions (Lyon, Mšllering and Saunders, 2015). Learning assists in
creating a positive work environment through implementing plan. It also gives opportunity to
enhance capability and efficiency of workers at workplace. As a result, business can achieve
their targets in a systematic manner. Another importance of learning is that cited firm can take
decisions on the behalf of past data. In this aspect, they can make positive results for ascertain
high revenue and employee participation as well. Learning is the best method for deliver
effective and flexible transaction at workplace regarding business outcomes to overcome
organizational problems (Burkov, Goubko and Novikov, 2013).
Evaluation of effectiveness of team working
Team working helps in rendering positive outcomes with shared ideas and views with
various organizational members. Following effectiveness can be considers of team working
within Marriott:
 Unified commitment to a goal: Team is creating for accomplish desire outcomes for
develop the business objectives (Ng and Feldman, 2013). Effective team is committed to
achieve positive outcomes. Presented team working attracts every customer with making
loyalty at workplace.
 Participation: In order to make a team effective, every employee needs to give his/her
participation for attaining the positive outcomes. Each member of team of Marriott is
essential for making success within the firm. In this context, put their efforts for achieve
potential customers and fulfill their demand (Xenikou and Furnham, 2012).
 Open communication: Team is able to communicate effectively at workplace, to create
open communication with each other. In this aspect, all members of Marriott can take
competitive advantages through communicate with each other. When, they are working
in team, every employee can share their views towards business objectives so that
company will achieve high profits easily (Northouse, 2012).
 Decision making: Team is hierarchical position which assists to take decision at
workplace. In this respect, Marriott involves participation of every member in making
decisions regarding interest of business. It will assist to take effective decisions at the
workplace. All situations of the company take quickly which make high revenue at

workplace. In addition to this, team working resolves conflicts through interacting with
each other through formulate plan of business (Hopkin, 2012).Effectiveness of change in
organization
With the help of change management, Marriott can bring creativity at workplace by
making employees learn new things for achieving the business objectives. It will lead to
successful operations at workplace which creates positive results as well (Alvesson, 2012).
Change management entitles to develop organizational functions which make planning and
implementation program to achieve targets of company. Sometimes, doing repetitive tasks
become monotonous at workplace for every employee and thus, they do not give their effective
participation for achievement of objectives. Therefore, change management is effective for
innovating things and attracting potential customers as well. Change is a realistic system which
includes achievable and measurable program for development of company. It is also related with
program which makes effective results at the workplace (Ng and Feldman, 2013).
ACTIVITY 3
Culture and structure of Marriott and impact of their effectiveness
Marriott follows all rules and regulations closely to make effective results within
enterprise. Their job description closely defines as little flexibility for developing business
outcomes (Lemmon and Wayne, 2015). Thus, they are follow hierarchy structure to change and
meet with the demand of customers. . Organizational structure of Marriott takes orders from
manager for doing business functions. On the other hand, chosen enterprise follows power
culture in which they can assign duties and responsibilities to each member for achieving the
business goals. Main aim of the company is to fulfil every individual demand which need to be
taken at workplace for maintain growth of company (Burkov, Goubko and Novikov, 2013).
Effective performances of organization depends on its culture and structure. Procedures
and policies are needed to be followed by the firm to develop functions in each activity so that
they can motivate their employees towards business outcomes. In addition to this, culture of the
firm also affects company for developing organizational outcomes at workplace. When cited
firm uses power culture, it has to deliver all essential resources to their employees to fulfil
customers’ requirements (Heydari and Gholtash, 2014).

ACTIVITY 4Different approaches to organizational decision-making
There are different approaches that help in gaining insight knowledge regarding business
to get decisions. It includes the following approaches:
 The rational approach: Rational approach consists of systematic and step by step
process to make decisions. It includes state of situation goals, identifying the problems,
determining decisions different type with choosing one alternative from various available
elements (Anand, 2013). After choosing the best suitable alternative, Marriott
implements their plan and takes decision for their business.
 The behavioural approach: According to this approach, decision makers of cited firm
take perfect rational problem which solve company problems. In this approach,
procedures and thumb rule are taken to reduce uncertainty to take decisions. For example,
training session to enhance skills and capabilities of workers (Tang, Tang and Tsaur,
2016).
 The practical approach: This approach combines various steps of rational approach into
practical program. Rather than generating various types of alternatives, Marriott hotel
provide analytic framework to make decisions at the workplace (Wei, 2013).
 The personal approach: This approach deals with various features within enterprise. It
includes, deals with only important decisions regarding organisation and its important
outcomes at workplace (Iwasaki, 2014). Another feature include, provides to self
reactions to employees in term of making alternatives for developing Marriott hotels
outcomes.
Managerial approach to risk and uncertainty in decision making
Managing uncertainty in decision making relies on identifying, quantifying and analysing
factors that affect the business outcomes (Schneider, Ehrhart and Macey, 2013). This assists
manager to identify risk factor and their potential impact on the operations of Marriott. There are
different types of risks which are stated as below:
 Strategic risk: This risk occurs due to investment taken by cited firm to accomplish their
objectives and mission. It includes macroeconomic risk which aligns with buyers and
sellers with supply and demand functions. It consists of transaction and investor relation
risk.

 Financial risk: These types of risks are related with potential economy losses which
create adverse impact on business (Babnik, Širca and Dermol, 2014). Due to poor
allocation of resources, changes in interest rates affect to Marriott results which make
difficulties reading business outcomes .
Above risks can create major impact on the business of cited firm so that they have to
take managerial approaches at workplace to solve problems in systematic manner. For gaining
the best results, below are managerial approaches used within enterprise:
 Empirical approach: This approach consists close study of past managerial experience
of management cases (Dekas, Bauer and Sullivan, 2013).
 Human behavior approach: This approach suggests ideas to increase knowledge of
employees of firm. Thus, cited firm can make more effective results within enterprise and
eliminate risk from the workplace.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of organizational decisions
With the help of organization decision, I found that business can seem to require wisdom
beyond capabilities. It will give better chances to me within Marriott to bring positive results. It
will assist to pinpoint company’s issue to make the best results. It determines solutions to
overcome the organization’s risk so that cited firm can take decisions effectively (Lyon,
Mšllering and Saunders, 2015). It will lead to management of company in which I take
participation to perform online survey to ask questions from customers regarding their queries
and implement plan at workplace. In this process, decision making includes data, employees and
process to overcome the issues at workplace.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that organizational behaviour is an important
element for operating business functions. In this respect, every employee of the firm needs to
give his/her highest level of efforts and attention towards business objectives. Furthermore, it
concludes that different types of leadership styles can be used by the firm to make their profits
and revenue high at workplace. Moreover, report articulated that each managerial style creates a
great impact on the business operations in terms of communication, morale and employee input
towards business operations. In addition to this, it includes effectiveness of team working for
measuring organizational performance of Marriott. Management change plays a significant role

in leading innovation at workplace. It also leads to bring creativity for the development of firm
as well as for gaining effective results.

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