Report on Importance of Vaccination
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Added on 2020-02-24
Report on Importance of Vaccination
Added on 2020-02-24
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Biology of Disease 1BIOLOGY OF DISEASEBy NameCourseInstructorInstitutionLocationDate
Biology of Disease 2IntroductionThe government of Australian is mandated to withdraw any benefits to the members of a family should it be to the consent of the government that the family does not vaccinate its children against any infectious diseases that may be deemed harmful to the children. This is doneto ensure the citizens of the country are protected against diseases. The aim of this report is to communicate to the families of the importance of vaccination and how it works.The immune systemThe human immune system is made up of numerous cells which depend on each other in ensuring a collective responsibility in protecting the body against infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites or from the growth of any tumor cells. These cells are specialized and perform specific functions or roles in achieving the immunity of the human body. While some cells consume bacteria, others destroy parasites or tumor causing cells and still other kill the cellswhich are infected by any forms of viruses[CITATION QAs13 \p 239 \l 1033 ]. In order to effectivelyperform their roles, the cell relies on the T helper which activates signals in the form of either lymphokines or cytokines or even more categorically interleukins in secretion forms. The immune system is made of organs which interact with various types of cells which lead to a self-sustaining immune system. The organs of the immune system include;Thymus whose role is to release mature T cells. Prothymocytes which are premature T cells migrate into the thymus from the bone marrow and mature in the process of thymic education. During this process, T cells found to be of benefit to the immune system are retained while the autoimmune ones are eliminated
Biology of Disease 3Bone barrow which is the source of all the cells found in the immune system[CITATION Lou14 \p 369 \l 1033 ]. The cells are formed through the process of hematopoiesis in which there is differentiation of cells which are derived from the stem of the bone marrow into mature immune system cells. Among the cells produced by the immune system include natural killer cells, premature thymocytes, and granulocytes besides the red blood cells and platelets.Lymph Nodes which are the filter of the lymphatic fluid. They are mainly composed of Tcells, dendritic cells B cells and macrophages. It is at the lymph nodes that antigens are filtered out together with lymph fluid before the fluid flows back into the system. Spleen is made up of B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, red blood cells, macrophages and T cells and serves an immunologic filter of the blood[CITATION QAs13 \p 486 \l 1033 ]. The dendritic cells and the macrophages are responsible for bringing antigens into the spleen through the bloodstream. Among the cells of the immune system include;Natural killer cells, abbreviated as NK cells and function to kill certain growths and tumors directly. Such tumors include lymphomas, melanomas and other cells infected by viruses.NK cells kill their target without a prior presence in the lymphoid organs. The effectiveness of the NK cells is increased upon stimulation by secretions from CD4+ T cells.T cells are divided into two phenotypically different groups; CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells mainly potentiate the responses of the immune system through the secretion of specialized factors responsible for the activation of white blood cells to fight infections. CD8+T cells are vital in directing the killing of parasites, viral-infected cells, and tumor cells[CITATION Pet14 \p 187 \l 1033 ].
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