Report on Life Cycle Analysis

This report is on the life cycle analysis for two selected cooing appliances commonly used in Australia. The analysis is expected to strictly conform to the International Organization of Standards (ISO). The guidelines provided by this organization are binding to several countries.

REPORT ON LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS 1
REPORT ON LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS
Name of Student:
Name of Institution:
Date:

REPORT ON LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS 2
Executive Summary
This report is on the life cycle analysis for two selected cooing appliances commonly used in
Australia. The analysis is expected to strictly conform to the International Organization of
Standards (ISO). This is a global organization assigned the role of laying down the globally
accepted standards for undertaking various tasks (Aven, 2011). The guidelines provided by this
organization are binding to several countries. As a result, these standards are aligned to the
individual laws guiding such activities in the individual states.
The report is a collection of several sections and procedures involved in the process of
conducting a life cycle analysis. To begin with, there exists an introduction to the process. Here,
the report examines the main reason why it is important to carry out this analysis. The reasons
are both long term and short term. The report also elaborates the context of the analysis.
Moreover, it goes ahead to clearly define the problem at hand. Here, some of the aspects
examined include the area of service selected, the reason for its section, and the two alternatives
selected by the student. These aspects are exhaustively explained to give a clear picture to the
readers.
The report goes ahead to outline the overall guidelines set aside by the International Organization
of Standards to carry out the life cycle analysis. The steps are given in the form of a chart and in
a summarized manner. Also included in this report are the estimated weights of the appliances
selected, their functions units.
An impact analysis is then conducted using GiBi application, followed by identification of the
hotspot. Remedial measures are identified and base on the analysis, the most suitable appliance is
recommended.
The impact analysis reveals the effects of the two alternative products on the environment. The
analysis reveals that the 4-burner gas stove has more dangerous effects on the environment than
the LPG gas cylinder. The 4 burner gas stove releases toxic gases into the atmosphere. The toxic
gas that is released in high volumes is the carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is harmful to the
health of human beings as well as the life of plants and animals. Excessive release of carbon into
the atmosphere may cause depletion of the ozone layer and climate change.

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There are a number of remedial measures that should be taken into place in order to improve the
sustainability of the products. There should be a controlled production and use of both the
products. Since the LPG gas cylinder is less dangerous than the 4-burner gas stove, everyone
should be encouraged to use it at all times. Moreover, LPG gas cylinder is less expensive
compared to the 4-burner gas stove. Therefore, it is clear that an LPG gas cylinder is more
sustainable than a 4-burner gas stove. Based on the analysis above, the best alternative is the
LPG gas cylinder. The LPG gas cylinder is the best alternative because it is more sustainable
than a 4-burner gas stove.
Introduction
A majority of people in Australia prefer homemade meals over buying ready foods from shops
and supermarkets. Approximately 51% of Australians believe that homemade food tastes better
than ready food bought from food outlets (Mccrindle, 2017). According to the same report,
approximately 74% of Australians cook at least five out of the seven weekly dinners at home. It
is therefore very evident that a majority of the country’s citizens engage in domestic cooking. In
business, it has been proven that there is a strong correlation between the forces of demand and
those of supply (Burkharda, et al., 2012). Based on this research finding, it can be concluded that
there is a high demand for cooking appliances in Australia. This is a good business opportunity
that young entrepreneurs should look into.
Detailed analysis on the cost, sustainability and environmental effect of the appliance should be
conducted by the people planning to buy any new cooking appliances. This would help them
acquire the best appliances in the market at the best rates. The appliance chosen should also be
environmentally friendly. This is to avoid environmental pollution.
In developed countries, research has shown that a majority of people throw away products they
had bought way before such products have reached the end of their functional life (Cox, et al.,
2013). This is mostly attributed to factors like change of fashion and technological
advancements. Such a trend is likely to lead to depletion of resources, therefore not sustainable.
To address this dangerous trend, this report seeks to compare the life cycle analysis for two
cooking appliances commonly used in Australia. After the comparison, the paper recommends
the most preferred appliance between the two based on the results of the analysis.

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Problem Definition
Service Wanted
The service of interest in this report is domestic cooking. The paper compares the efficiency of
two cooking appliances commonly used in Australian homes. Both appliances require energy for
them to operate. It could either be solar energy, electric energy or even mechanical energy. A life
cycle analysis is conducted for the two appliances and recommendations made based on the
findings.
The Alternatives
The selected appliances under consideration are the 4 Burner Gas Stove and the LPG Gas
Cylinder. These use of gas in cooking is not only economical but also faster. It is also very
environmentally friendly as there are minimal emissions into the atmosphere in the process of
cooking (Leeuwen, et al., 2017). Such features have contributed to the gradual but consistent
growth in the use of petroleum gas as a source of energy across the globe.
Why Choose this Problem?
A large section of Australian people engages in domestic cooking. According to research,
approximately 30% of the energy used in a country is gas energy (Mallick, 2009). This figure is
set to consistently rise as technology keeps developing and more industries keep emerging across
the world. More homesteads across the world continue to use petroleum gas and electricity for
cooking. Other than that, most countries across the world are today focused on adopting
sustainable development strategies. A lot of focus is also on the need to eliminate environmental
pollution as this leads to serious negative effects on both human health and economic growth and
development.
Creating a solution to such universal global challenges is, therefore, a priority, informing the
choice of the problem.

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Recommended Procedure by International Organization of Standards to conduct Life
Cycle Analysis
The ISO recommends that a life cycle analysis process comprises of four main phases as shown
in the chart below (Bcorporation.net, 2009).
Estimated Weight
The estimated weight of a 4 Burner Gas Stove is 38 kilograms. Its dimensions are 60 millimeters
by 60 millimeters (Amazon, n.d.). On the other hand, this report considers the 6 kilograms LPG
Gas Cylinder. Apart from the content, the cylinder weighs an average of 3kg, making the net
weight to be approximate 9kg
Functional Unit
For the 4 Burner Gas stove, it takes approximately 30-40 minutes to prepare fish according to the
user guide manual. For the case of the Liquefied Petroleum Gas Cylinder, it takes less than 20
minutes to prepare fish according to the user manual.
Impact analysis
Impact analysis was conducted using the GaBi software. The following screen shots shows the
procedure that was used to conduct the impact analysis.
LCA Process
 Goal
setting
and
Scoping
Consider
environmental,
economic and
social issues
 Life
Cycle
Inventory
Consider inputs
and outputs
 Life Cycle
Impact
Assessment
Assess the toxicity,
Ecotoxicity,
acidification levels, and
global climate change
 Interpretation
Involves analysis of
impact data. A
conclusion is made
based on the findings

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REPORT ON LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS 9

REPORT ON LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS 10
Identification of the hotspot
The impact analysis reveals the effects of the two alternative products on the environment. The
analysis reveals that the 4-burner gas stove has more dangerous effects on the environment than
the LPG gas cylinder. The 4 burner gas stove releases toxic gases into the atmosphere. The toxic
gas that is released in high volumes is the carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is harmful to the
health of human beings as well as the life of plants and animals. Excessive release of carbon into
the atmosphere may cause depletion of the ozone layer and climate change.
Remedial measures
There are a number of remedial measures that should be taken into place in order to improve the
sustainability of the products. There should be a controlled production and use of both the
products. Since the LPG gas cylinder is less dangerous than the 4-burner gas stove, everyone
should be encouraged to use it at all times. Moreover, LPG gas cylinder is less expensive
compared to the 4-burner gas stove. Therefore, it is clear that an LPG gas cylinder is more
sustainable than a 4-burner gas stove.
The best alternative
Based on the analysis above, the best alternative is the LPG gas cylinder. The LPG gas cylinder
is the best alternative because it is more sustainable than a 4-burner gas stove.

REPORT ON LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS 11
References
Amazon, n.d. 4-burner 60 X 60 Gas Cooker Brand: Super General Silver 6470ffd. [Online]
Available at: https://www.amazon.ae/4-burner-60-Gas-Cooker-Brand/dp/B07MW3K6VX
[Accessed 06 06 2019].
Apo News, 2012. Green Productivity: The carbon footprint and LED lighting technology.
Australian Government, n.d. About Us. [Online]
Available at: https://www.aer.gov.au/about-us
[Accessed 6 June 2019].
Aven, T., 2011. On the new ISO guide on risk management terminology. Reliability Engineering
& System Safety, July, 96(7), pp. 719-726.
Bcorporation.net, 2009. Conducting a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), s.l.: s.n.
Bunnings Warehouse, n.d. [Online]
Available at: https://www.bunnings.com.au/diy-advice/home-improvement/lighting/how-to-
choose-energy-saving-light-bulbs
Burkharda, B., Kroll, F., Nedkov, S. & Müllera, F., 2012. Mapping ecosystem service supply,
demand and budgets. Ecological Indicators, October, Volume 21, pp. 17-29.
Cox, J., Griffith, S., Giorgi, S. & King, G., 2013. Consumer understanding of product lifetimes.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, October, Volume 79, pp. 21-29.
Griggs, D. et al., 2013. Sustainable development goals for people and planet. 20 March, Volume
495, p. 305–307.

REPORT ON LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS 12
Leeuwen, V., Richenda, Evans, A. & Hyseni, B., 2017. Increasing the use of liquefied petroleum
gas in cooking in developing countries, s.l.: s.n.
Mallick, H., 2009. Examining the linkage between energy consumption and economic growth in
India. The Journal of Developing Areas, 43(1), pp. 249-280.
Mccrindle, 2017. Australia's Cooking Landscape, s.l.: s.n.
A REPORT ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Executive Summary
Energy conservation is one of the most effective ways of reducing cost either in an organization
or in a family set up. In an attempt to minimize cost and to conserve the environment, one of the
most effective ways is to use energy saving light bulbs. These bubs have been proven to be very
environmental friendly as well.
In this paper, a comparison analysis is conducted to utmost three sources of lighting in a house
and the most preferred one is recommended. Part of what is considered during the analysis
includes the cost of the bulb, the efficiency of the bulb, its usage, energy consumption levels and
the other alternative sources of light.
Also, the source of energy for the device is of interest. The report also elaborates on the
environmental effects that come with the usage of this bulb. Regulation is part of any normal

REPORT ON LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS 13
society. As a result, this paper also expounds on some of the regulatory bodies mandated to
regulate energy consumption in Australia. A cost-benefit analysis is then conducted for the bulbs
under consideration before a conclusion is made.
In particular, the report shall provide evidence as to why LED globes are the most recommended
bulbs to be used in Australia compared to the other types of bulbs. In fact, the halogen light bulbs
were banned from being used due to their effect on the environment.
There is a need to reduce the consumption of energy in the country. This will go a long way in
not only reducing the country’s expenditure but also maintaining high eve of environmental
conservation. Based on the findings of this report, the LED Globes are the most preferred
lighting devices among the three gives above.
Problem Definition
In both developed and developing countries, sustainable development is one of the main areas of
focus. In 2012, the United Nations changed governments to adopt sustainable development goals
and align their development projects to those goals (Griggs, et al., 2013). The goals are aimed at
ensuring that the projects being undertaken do not result in depletion of resources in the long run.
The main objective of this research is to identify the most cost-effective means of lighting. Other
than the cost, the research should address the need to use a device that causes minimal or
pollution to the surrounding. The device should be efficient and generally more advantageous to
use compared to the other available alternatives.

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Comparison
The tree selected types of bubs for this report include the halogen lighting bulb, the LED bulb,
and the Incandescent bulbs. According to research, coal emits the highest ever of carbon to the
atmosphere. The table below shows a comparison of some of the main aspects of these bulbs.
LED Globes Compact Fluorescent
Lights (CFLs)
Incandescent
Lumens
220
1300
4W
18W
5-7W
18-23W
25W
100W
Cost of Bulb $ 39.95-$99.95 $ 4 - $ 50 $ 3 - $ 45
Power Consumption
(W)
6 13-15 50
Units per Hour 0.006 0.004 0.05
Hours of operations
per day
10 4-5 10
Carbon emissions
(tonnes/year)
0.01825 4 grams/bulb 0.152083
Lifespan 10,000-50,000 hours 6,000-15,000 hours 1200 hours

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The sources of the information above include (Apo News, 2012), (Bunnings Warehouse, n.d.),
https://www.bunnings.com.au/diy-advice/home-improvement/lighting/how-to-choose-energy-
saving-light-bulbs and https://www.geelongpointofsale.com.au/led_and_filament_globes.html
Source of power
The main source of power for the three types of bubs is electric power. It is far much cheaper to
maintain the LED globes more than the other two types of bulbs.
Other features
LED globes might be a little bit expensive to purchase. However, has a very long lifespan with
very minimal maintenance costs. Also, the bud is approximated to 85% more efficient compared
to the others. Furthermore, this type of bub lacks hazardous components such as mercury and
carbon, making them very environmentally friendly.
Selecting the state
My id ends with 7. Therefore, I chose Queensland.
Regulatory Bodies in Queensland
The Australian Energy Regulator (AER) is the main body mandated to regulate the mass
consumption of forms of energy in the country. It is within the mandate of the regulator to
protect the interests of both the citizens how are the consumers as we as the suppliers (Australian
Government, n.d.). It sets guidelines on how the various forms of energy could be used.

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Conclusion
Finally, it is worth noting that it is necessary to reduce the consumption of energy in the country.
This will go a long way in not only reducing the country’s expenditure but also maintaining high
eve of environmental conservation.
Based on the findings of this report, the LED Globes are the most preferred lighting devices
among the three gives above.
References
Amazon, n.d. 4-burner 60 X 60 Gas Cooker Brand: Super General Silver 6470ffd. [Online]
Available at: https://www.amazon.ae/4-burner-60-Gas-Cooker-Brand/dp/B07MW3K6VX
[Accessed 06 06 2019].
Apo News, 2012. Green Productivity: The carbon footprint and LED lighting technology.
Australian Government, n.d. About Us. [Online]
Available at: https://www.aer.gov.au/about-us
[Accessed 6 June 2019].
Aven, T., 2011. On the new ISO guide on risk management terminology. Reliability Engineering
& System Safety, July, 96(7), pp. 719-726.
Bcorporation.net, 2009. Conducting a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), s.l.: s.n.
Bunnings Warehouse, n.d. [Online]
Available at: https://www.bunnings.com.au/diy-advice/home-improvement/lighting/how-to-

REPORT ON LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS 17
choose-energy-saving-light-bulbs
Burkharda, B., Kroll, F., Nedkov, S. & Müllera, F., 2012. Mapping ecosystem service supply,
demand and budgets. Ecological Indicators, October, Volume 21, pp. 17-29.
Cox, J., Griffith, S., Giorgi, S. & King, G., 2013. Consumer understanding of product lifetimes.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, October, Volume 79, pp. 21-29.
Griggs, D. et al., 2013. Sustainable development goals for people and planet. 20 March, Volume
495, p. 305–307.
Leeuwen, V., Richenda, Evans, A. & Hyseni, B., 2017. Increasing the use of liquefied petroleum
gas in cooking in developing countries, s.l.: s.n.
Mallick, H., 2009. Examining the linkage between energy consumption and economic growth in
India. The Journal of Developing Areas, 43(1), pp. 249-280.
Mccrindle, 2017. Australia's Cooking Landscape, s.l.: s.n.