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Biosecurity of crops and subgroups
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Added on 2020-02-05
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Plant bio security TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 MAIN BODY3 CONCLUSION 9 REFERENCES 10 INTRODUCTION Plant bio-security is considered as set of measures that are developed towards protecting the crops, crops or sub groups from the emergency plant pests at national, regional as well as individual farm levels. Harmful plant pests as well as diseases have huge influence on the safety of food, trade, access to market , development of market as well as the profitability and sustainability of the plant industries
Biosecurity of crops and subgroups
Added on 2020-02-05
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Plant bio security1
TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................102
INTRODUCTION Plant bio-security is considered as set of measures that are developed towards protectingthe crops, crops or sub groups from the emergency plant pests at national, regional as well asindividual farm levels. Biosecurity has become the main global issue. Harmful plant pests as wellas diseases have huge influence on the safety of food, trade, access to market , development ofmarket as well as the profitability and sustainability of the plant industries (Brasier, 2008). It hasbeen assessed that Australia is free from several plant and diseases that are affecting agriculturalindustries in other nations. In the present report that weed that has been discussed is Parkinsonia.It is regarded as worst weeds in Australia as a reason of its invasiness, potential for spread aswell as economic and environmental influence. It act as threat to rangelands as well as wetlandsaround Australia. The study includes background about the weed. Along with this it includes thethreats that are attached with the weeds. Further it includes the manner in which it can bemanaged in an effective manner. MAIN BODYOverviewParkinsonia is worst weed within Australia due to the reason of invasiness, potential forspread as well as economic and environmental influence. There are greater number ofenvironmental impact of Parkinsonia. Wetlands are vulnerable as parkinsonia can dam thewatercourses, results in erosion, lower watertables and can take over the vast tracts related withflood plain. The growth of Parkinsonia can be upto 8 m. Though there is greater popularity of thesmaller plants. It can be single or multi stemmed. The smooth green stems are slender and tendsat droop and zig-zag (Chakraborty and Newton, 2011). The leaves it possess are different to thefemy leave of the three other prickle bushes. The flowers of parkinsonia are comprised of flat,green leaf stalk upto 300 mm long and 2-3 mm wider with number of oblong leaflets that arestaggered on both the sides. The flowers of Parkinsonia are about 20mm across that possessyellow petals and one erect orange or orange spotted petals. Seed pods are being straight withbulges around the seeds as well as points on either ends. Parkinsonia is one of the four pricklebushes that is considered as the weeds across the semi arid Australia. The control of this weed isexpensive however the prevention in relation to spread is more cost effective. Parkinsonia was3
being introduced initially into several areas across Australia from Central America in the early1800s. This was being utilized for hedges was also being planted around homesteads. This hasnow naturalized around the greater northern Australia. Parkinsonia is considered as the rapidgrowing and possess flower in the early summer of second or third year of growth. It can thrivein wider range of conditions (Magarey, Colunga-Garcia and Fieselmann, 2009). It emergeswithin the climate that is varying from the moist sub humid tropics to the harsh arid interior.Parkinsonia is being introduced in several regions across the globe. The economic costs inrelation with such is higher once it is being established. It is being determined that Parkinsonia is regarded as the hairless shrub or the small treethat rarely grows any more than 10 m higher. It possess slender green photosynthetic zigzagbranches that are armed with sharper spines. The leaves it has possess short, spine stalk, alongwith branches that are 20-40 cm long. They are flattened with smaller, oblong leaflets alongevery edge. The flower possess yellow color, have five petals and are fragrant. The seeds areoval, hard and also 15mm longer (Waage and Mumford, 2008). The life cycle of the particularweed can be referred to as in terms that it is fastest growing and can flower within early summerof the second or third year in relation with growth. Once it is being established there isoccurrence of flowers to exploit the variable seasonal conditions. The maturity of the pods is inlate summer, float on warm and thus on rapid basis disperse by the flood waters. Threats associated with the weed Parkinsonia is being reproduced majorly by the seed but it can make generation of ofsuckers specifically after it is being destroyed. The seeds are being spread when it is eaten bybirds as well other animals. The pods float within the water and seeds gets dispersed within themud that is becoming attached with the animals as well as vehicles. Parkinsonia is the plat thatgrows at faster speed. It is a major threat to grasslands, farming lands as well as wetlands in thedryer areas (Chen and et.al., 2011). In situation it is left untreated that it displace the nativevegetation and also minimizes the access to land as well as waterways. There are greater numbernumber of environmental impact of parkinsonia. Because of such the native plan species arereplaced that results in lowering down the quality habitat for animals. Wetlands are to a greaterextent vulnerable as parkinsonia can affect the watercourses, results in erosion, lower watertables and take over vast tracts related with flood plain. The area that are threaten involves4
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