South China Sea Dispute Analysis
Added on 2020-05-04
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Running head: SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTESouth China Sea DisputeName of the student:Name of the university:Author note
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1SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTETable of ContentsIntroduction......................................................................................................................................2South China Sea Dispute.................................................................................................................2Impasse between China and other claimant states...........................................................................4Chronological Timeline...................................................................................................................5ASEAN Failure................................................................................................................................7Difficulties Experienced..................................................................................................................9Division of ASEAN.........................................................................................................................9Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12Reference.......................................................................................................................................14
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2SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTEIntroductionThe South China Sea is a part of the Pacific Ocean which covers an area of 35, 00,000square kilometer. The area ranges from Karimata and Malacca Straits on one end to Straits ofTaiwan on the other. This particular sea has strategic significance as it is responsible for passing1/3rd of the world’s shipping with more than $3 trillion trade every year. It also consists oflucrative fisheries every year that are an essential part of food security for millions of people inthe South East Asian region. It is believed that there are large oil and gas reserves underneaththis seabed. The exact location of this particular sea, according to International HydrographicOrganization is, south of China, west of the Phillipines, east of Vietnam and Malay peninsulaand Sumatra which goes up to the Strait of Singapore in the western part and finally the north ofBangka Belitung Islands and Borneo (Saha 2015). Later, it was proposed by IHO that Natuna Sea or the southern boundary of the SouthChina Sea will be shifted towards north from the north of Bangka Belitung islands to the northand northeastern side of Natuna islands. The South China Sea Islands can be considered as anarchipelago which is almost calculated in hundreds. Most of the islands in the sea is uninhabitedand are subject to competing claims of independence by a number of countries. All these claimscan be portrayed by different names that are used for the islands and the sea. The states and theterritories that are bordered along the sea include the People’s Republic of China which includesMacau and Hong Kong; the Republic of China including Taiwan; Philippines, Brunei,Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. The rivers that flow into this sea include Pasig,Pahang, Pampanga, Mekong, Jiulong, Rajang, Red, Min and Pearl. The South China Sea issituated on a drowned continental shelf and in the recent ice ages the global sea level got lowerby hundreds of meters and thus Borneo became a part of the Asian mainland (Chan and Li 2015).South China Sea DisputeThe South China Sea disputes include both islands and also the marine claims in theseven independent states within the region such as Brunei, the People’s Republic of China, theRepublic of China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam. Approximately US$5 trillionworth of international trade is passed through the South China Sea apart from those non-
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3SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTEapplicant states that wish the sea to remain as international waters. To campaign on this,numerous states such as the US had conducted an operation known as the ‘freedom ofnavigation’. The dispute regarding the South China Sea included a number of island, banks, reefsand other features such as Spratly islands, Paracel islands and other boundaries in the Gulf ofTonkin (Hong 2013). The other disputes were related to the waters of Indonesian Natuna Islandswhich is controversial as it might not be regarded as a part of the South China Sea. The applicantstates are interested to achieve the rights of the fishing areas, the discovery and the possibleutilization of the natural gas and crude oil underneath the different parts of the South China Seaand the tactical control of significant shipping lanes. The disputes regarding the South China Seainclude both the marine boundaries and the islands. The several disputes and the countriesinvolved with them are given in the picture below.Fig: Summary of disputesSource: (Mincai 2014) The nine dash line area was claimed by the Republic of China at first and then by thePeople’s Republic of China which covers an entire area of the South China Sea and the limitedeconomic zone of the claimed areas mentioned in the picture. The marine boundary in the
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