Energy Conservation and Productivity Analysis

This assignment analyzes energy consumption trends in Australia, particularly highlighting the impact of freezers and air conditioners. It delves into cost-benefit analysis to evaluate potential energy-saving interventions, considering factors like capital costs, fuel prices, and external costs associated with global and local environmental impacts.

Running head: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable development
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

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Executive summary
The following report deals with the energy consumption challenges by the appliances that we use
in our daily life that has an impact on the environment in Western Australia (WA). The major
challenge lies in the finding of ways that reconcile the demand as well as provide sustainable
development with respect to energy services and global use of natural resources. Many
appliances are used at homes in WA like freezers, refrigerators, dishwashers, computers,
television, air conditioners and swimming pool pumps. Among all these appliances, freezers and
air conditioners consume most of the energy like 100-400 watts with average of 200 watt and
Wattage is 1500-2000 respectively. Various organizations in Australia promote efficiency of
energy so that there can be opportunities to decrease energy consumption. In this report, energy
consumption and its importance is highlighted as its use has a direct effect on the environment
and is envisaged through cutting of energy demand through cost cutting. This energy
consumption can be achieved through reduction of energy consumption by using less energy
service or by reducing amount of energy services. Latest technological aspects need to be taken
into consideration to reduce the energy consumption by Australian consumers so that there is less
energy consumption and saves the cost of living. When there is less energy consumption, there is
reduction in financial costs that conserve the home utilities for the electricity consumption.
Therefore, the report concludes that efficient use of appliances by Australians can help in the
process of energy consumption.

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Table of Contents
Part Q1.............................................................................................................................................3
Part Q2.............................................................................................................................................6
Introduction and Background..........................................................................................................6
1a) Appliances used by Australian household consumers...........................................................6
1b) Two appliances with most energy consumption...................................................................7
1d) Organizations in Australia that promote efficiency..............................................................8
Energy Efficiency Council..........................................................................................................8
Department of environment and Energy......................................................................................9
Energy Rating............................................................................................................................10
1. (e)...............................................................................................................................................10
1f) Opportunity to decrease energy consumption......................................................................11
1. (g)...............................................................................................................................................13
h) Summary...............................................................................................................................14
References......................................................................................................................................16

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Part Q1
1a) List of all appliances in the homes of Western Australia
 Freezers
 Refrigerators
 clothes washers
 Dishwashers
 Clothes dryers
 Computer monitors
 Televisions
 Air conditioners (single phase, non-ducted)
 Swimming pool pumps (voluntary only at this stage)
b) Two appliances with most energy consumption
 Freezers: Wattage 100-400 watts with average of 200 watt. With 24 hours of operations.
Energy
 Air conditioners (single phase, non-ducted)

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Appliances with
most energy
consumption
Energy Consumed Efficiency Cost (Per year) Alternative
Freezers Wattage 100-400 watts with
average of 200 watt and with
24hrs of operations 4.80 kWh
per day
New freezers
are more
efficient than
that of the old
ones as they are
less energy
consuming
With 24 hours
operations per day
annual expenditure is
about A$:170-200
with the average of
200 watt.
Frost free refrigerators
Air conditioners
(single phase,
non-ducted)
1.5 ton of AC consumes on
average 1-2 unit of power per
hour. Approx Wattage is 1500-
2000
The efficiency
of the ACs is
dependent on
its frequency of
usage and
temperature
that is set. The
temperature
settings need to
be between 23-
25 degree
Celsius to
make it more
energy efficient
With on average of 6-
12 hours of operation
per day the annual cost
can be between A$ of
400-700.
Cooling Fan

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d) Organizations in Australia that promote efficiency
 Energy Efficiency Council
 Department of environment and Energy
 Energy Rating
e) Opportunity to decrease energy consumption
 Energy efficiency Opportunity Programs
 Implementation of legal policies

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Part Q2
Introduction and Background
With the improvement in technological infrastructure the lifestyle of people are
dependent upon usage of different kind of appliances. The consumption rate of energy is going
high due to the increase in the total number of technological appliances in every household of
Australia. In order to reduce the total consumption of energy it is important for the Australian
government to launch energy saving programs, which will encourage the use of latest technology
in home electronic appliances. The latest technology will help to ensure that minimum amount of
carbon emission is caused from all major Electronic appliances.
It is also important to raise the awareness among the Australian consumers about
increasing the use of fuel efficient appliances that can help in the process of energy conservation.
It is important for the energy conservation Board of Australia to properly analyze and conduct
research about the amount that is used energy consumption in each of the appliance. The report
can therefore focus upon two major electrical appliances that are believed to consume highest
level of energy in everyday households.
1a) Appliances used by Australian household consumers
The household appliances account for 33%of the total energy that are consumed in all
over Australia (Trainer 2017). It also accounts for 45% of the total Greenhouse gas emission that
are emitted from every household (Allouhi et al. 2015). The total numbers of appliances that are
used by Australian consumer in domestic purpose have increased rapidly. This is mainly due to
the fact that the cost of electronic appliances has gone down significantly to the advancement
and technology that has allowed Mass scale production. The heating and cooling appliances

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accounts for 40% of the total energy consumed in household purpose. Due to the cold climate of
Australian region, people are dependent on water heating appliances, which consume 21%of the
total energy. 33% of the energy is being consumed in refrigerator and cooking equipments. The
lighting appliances just consume 6% of the total energy (Smyth 2013).
There are various other kinds of luxury appliances that are used by the Australian
consumers, which include pool and Spa tank and pumps. Dishwasher, cloth dryer, cloth washer
are few of the other important appliances. There are various criteria that decide upon the type of
appliances that will be selected by the Australian consumer. The price and brands of appliances
are major factors that decide on the type of appliances purchased by the Australian consumers. It
is important to mention that due to the high income level of Australian people, it is possible for
them to use variety of electronic appliances.
1b) Two appliances with most energy consumption
Out of all the appliances, method used by Australian consumers the refrigerator and air
condition is the most energy consuming device. Refrigerator and air conditions are among the
top selling appliances of household products within Australian consumers. From the findings in
the above section, it is clear that average wattage of a typical refrigerator that is used by
Australian consumers is 200 watt.
It is also clear from the report of Australian energy Council that an average Australian
consumer operates refrigerator for 24 hours. This is due to the fact that most of the Australian
consumers are dependent upon processed food that needs to be stored in cool environment for
longer period (Wiedenhofer et al. 2013). Average energy that is consumed per day in refrigerator
he is around 4.80 kilowatt. This accounts for a total expenditure of 170 to 200 dollar per year for

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energy consumption in Australia. It is also recommended to use modern style of refrigerator
which uses Frost free Technology. This type of Technology will help to ensure that minimum
amount of energy are being consumed.
The air condition is also one of the major sources of energy expenditure. On average, the
air conditioner consumes 1500 to 2000 watt of electricity. This accounts for 1 to 2 unit of
electricity consumption per hour. On average an Australian consumers spends 400 to $700 in
electricity bill for air condition (Trainer 2017). The report from the Australian energy department
suggests that an average Australian consumer operates air condition for 6 to 12 hours in every
day. It is essential to have proper setting with an air condition device, which will help in
Optimization of the energy that is being consumed.
1d) Organizations in Australia that promote efficiency
Many energy-using companies in Australia support the development and implementation
of strategies for energy management and energy efficiency.
Energy Efficiency Council
This council is a peak body for co-generation, energy efficiency and demand
management in Australia that is aimed at making sensible, energy efficient measures that are cost
effective and measurement of standard practices that are in the Australian economy. This non-
governmental organization provides latest information about the use of less energy at business,
homes and workplaces. This organization provide a multitude of ways by which the energy
efficiency sector of Australia supports households, businesses and governments regarding wide
use of energy. It also works in the identification of energy efficiency opportunities at specific
sites and buildings and work with clients in improving equipments, facilities, behaviour and

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processes. In addition, the organization develops and manufacture advanced energy efficiency
equipments and products. Therefore, this organization is committed to work and provide efficient
development of energy in the energy sector that supports the peak energy manufacturing industry
body (Nguyen and Altan 2011).
Department of environment and Energy
This body is an Australian government department that is responsible for the evaluation
of matters pertaining to environment protection, efficient energy consumption, energy policy and
conservation of biodiversity. This department is responsible for the designing and
implementation of Australian government programmes and policies that protect and conserve the
water, environment and heritage for the promotion of climate action and energy conservation. It
provide reliable, adequate and affordable energy that aid in meeting the future energy
consumption needs. This government body supports the establishment of programs, standards
and innovative practices that works for the improvement of energy efficiency and provide
Australian households and business holders sith economic and efficient cost of living solutions
so that they live and work sustainably. This Australian government body provide a large amount
of information on energy efficiency and savings of lighting equipments and appliances in
households and at work. They help to design, build and provide living options for the
householders, builders and designers to build a sustainable environment and design tools that
help customers for the comparison of running costs and energy efficiency of the domestic
appliances. It also work to help the organization to adhere to The Energy Efficiency in
Government Operations (EEGO) Policy that is aimed at reducing the energy consumption of
operations and emphasize on the building of energy efficiency (Biswas 2014).

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Energy Rating
The Energy Rating in Australia provides information about E3 program that help to
increase the energy efficiency of the household and workplace appliances about energy use and
emission so that it can save their cutting costs. There is energy-rating level about products and
appliances that provide information about running costs and energy efficiency so that people
save on their energy bills. This rating level helps people to choose the right kind of appliances so
that it can help them to save on their electricity bills (Daniel, Soebarto and Williamson 2015).
1. (e).
Advanced Manufacturing Offices’ (AMO) energy system and energy-management
software tools help manufacturing increased energy efficiency at the industrial-level and specific
system. We identify opportunities, monitory progress and enhance efficiency assessment with
the help of tools listed below.
The DOE has introduced an integrated tool suite to aid manufacturers to enhance the
efficiency of energy systems, equipments and tools within a plant of energy industry. The
integrated tool would ultimately contain capabilities to analyze most major support systems
found within manufacturing plant. This effort supplies an extensively more user-friendly,
modern and versatile set of tools. The whole tool suite is accessible in open-source environment.
Various calculators are being invented in the tool that permits us to calculate system parameter
estimations and graphical analysis independently. The qualitative and quantitative analyses are
getting more comprehensible. Some of the graphical visualization are like estimation of pump
head, verification of pump-system curve, transformation of parameters of energy requirements
for different head and emitting sources.
1. Ready Navigator manages energy use in any facility with the collaboration of
research team members. Ready Navigator is an online guide that can assist us to put
an energy management system in navigation.

11SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
2. The energy performance-indicator tool is an online regression-based calculator for
modeling energy performance at the facility level. It is designed to measure and
verify protocols. It is a top-down approach for determining facility-wide energy
performance dependent upon energy consumption and relevant variables.
3. DOE e-Guide is designed to help organizations implement an energy management
system through an organized algorithm of foundation, Superior energy and
performance.
4. A regression analysis based tools and strategies to help plant and corporate managers
establish a normalized baseline of energy consumption, track annual progress of
enhancement of intensity, energy savings, superior energy performance accounted for
the variations due to weather, production and other variables.
5. The plant energy profiler excel (PEPEx) is an excel based software tool provided by
the Department of Energy to help industrial plant managers how energy is being
purchased and consumed at their factory and detect potential energy and cost saving.
The premier energy system software tools are-
1. 3E Plus.
2. CWSAT – Chilled Water Assessment Tool
3. MotorMaster
4. NxEAT- NOx Assessment Tool.
5. SSAT- Steam System Assessment Tool.
6. SSST – Steam System Scoping Tool.
1f) Opportunity to decrease energy consumption
The Australian government has initiated various programs that have provided opportunity
to decrease the total amount of energy expenditure. The main purpose of this program is to
increase the level of awareness among the Australian consumer, which can help them to reduce
wastage of electric power.

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One of the major programs that have been initiated in this context by the Australian
government is the energy efficiency opportunities. This program was initiated in the year 2006,
which aims to identify and improve the process of energy expenditure by household appliances.
The program also implemented strict monitoring action, which evaluates the total amount of
carbon emission from each heavy household appliance. All the manufacturers of home
appliances in Australia have to follow the guidelines provided by Energy Efficiency opportunity
program. The program also initiated the process of participation of medium energy uses (Allouhi
et al. 2015).
The program also aimed to improve upon the overall business productivity and establish a
healthy competitive environment in the Australian energy consumption market. Rigorous
approaches have been implemented in order to promote energy sustainability and reduction of
greenhouse gas emission. The program also includes senior leadership which helps them to
provide proper guidance to the Australian consumers that can help to optimize energy spending
process.
The major result of the program included opportunities that are accounted for nearly
2.7% of energy conservation (Allouhi et al. 2015). The guidelines of the program have being
implemented by 3.3 million Australian households in regular electricity consumption. The net
savings that is earth from the energy conservation program is estimated to be around 124 million
dollar. Emission of greenhouse gas also reduced to 8.2%. The program was also efficient in
identifying all the barriers of energy conservation process. The program also targets the system
of information failure, which helps them to suggest proper future strategies.

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With the implementation of legal policy that is also possible to identify all the
opportunities that are needed to deal with energy conservation process among the Australian
consumers. It is important for all the electronic home appliance manufacturer to follow the
guidelines of the legal policies that is essential to ensure that minimum amount of energy are
being consumed in the operational activities of the electronic products.
1. (g).
Cost benefit analysis:-
Enhancing energy efficiency in public sector is one of the major challenges for the
sustainable requalification of energy issues and a consequent decrement of greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions. In order to analyze cost and utilities of all the key Interventions, we
elaborately interpret the results of case studies. To make preliminary cost-benefits analysis, we
must compare economic costs and energy efficiency improvement estimated as the difference of
energy performances after proposed interventions.
Cost-benefit analysis on energy consumption retrofits intervention-comparing outputs in
the same geographical area. According to the characteristics and constraints of analyzed data,
the necessary cost-benefit analysis results do not claim to demonstrate a single intervention for
the betterment of cost-benefit ratio. Public administrations for preliminary analysis targeted to
choose defined interventions for reduction energy consumption to optimize cost-benefit ratio.
The research supplies useful inputs for decision makers and public administrations that
have to choose retrofitting interventions for enhancing energy performance. Parameters for
economic costs of each intervention could be made in compliance with the regulatory
framework. The TOPSIS technique is applied to the cost-benefit analysis. Besides, the
implementation of the procedures using the proposed EP-OP method algorithm is attached to a
high level of uncertainties when dealing with relations between energy environment and
productivity. Hence, selection of pessimistic and optimistic scenario for cost-benefit analysis is a
crucial step of data processing procedures.

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Day by day, the usage of energy consumption is increasing globally due to ever changing
demand in developed and developing countries. The power plant production and usage in
household should be balanced. The energy department develops the summarization,
standardization and interoperable ecosystem of analysis tools. The cost-benefit analysis
addresses the phases such as design, operation, renovation and rental. The DOE’s tools are
intended to serve enabling the growth of a energy consumption and production. CBA is a
strategic tool for assessing the viability of different investments considering the future realization
of costs and benefits.
1. We would estimate energy saving from each intervention region wise. These savings
are expressed as percentages of energy consumption.
2. We estimate the incremental capital cost of the intervention along with replacement
costs and non-energy savings.
3. We could develop a matrix of fuel consumption patterns by region.
4. We should convert the percentage energy savings to energy units of kilowatt-hours.
5. We convert energy savings to rands, using fuel price data.
6. We estimate external costs, both for global effects and local impacts, expressed.
7. We should discount all costs and benefits to present value.
8. We have to deduct costs from benefits to derive net present value.
h) Summary
From the above analysis of the report, it can be concluded that energy conservation is
important for the sustainable development. The consumption rate of energy is going high due to
the increase in the total number of technological appliances in every household of Australia. The
two appliances that have been considered in the report include freezer and air condition. These
major devices consume the maximum amount of energy among the Australian consumers. The
Australian energy board has implemented special legal guidelines to reduce the wastage of
energy.

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References
Allouhi, A., El Fouih, Y., Kousksou, T., Jamil, A., Zeraouli, Y. and Mourad, Y., 2015. Energy
consumption and efficiency in buildings: current status and future trends. Journal of Cleaner
production, 109, pp.118-130.
Biswas, W.K., 2014. Carbon footprint and embodied energy consumption assessment of building
construction works in Western Australia. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment,
3(2), pp.179-186.
Daniel, L., Soebarto, V. and Williamson, T., 2015. House energy rating schemes and low energy
dwellings: The impact of occupant behaviours in Australia. Energy and Buildings, 88, pp.34-44.
Nguyen, B.K. and Altan, H., 2011. Comparative review of five sustainable rating systems.
Procedia Engineering, 21, pp.376-386.
Smyth, R., 2013. Are fluctuations in energy variables permanent or transitory? A survey of the
literature on the integration properties of energy consumption and production. Applied Energy,
104, pp.371-378.
Trainer, T., 2017. 'Can renewables meet total Australian energy demand: A “disaggregated”
approach. Energy Policy, 109, pp.539-544.
Wiedenhofer, D., Lenzen, M. and Steinberger, J.K., 2013. Energy requirements of consumption:
Urban form, climatic and socio-economic factors, rebounds and their policy implications. Energy
Policy, 63, pp.696-707.