India's Water Resource Challenges

This assignment delves into the multifaceted water resource challenges facing India. It explores critical issues such as water scarcity, contamination, and inefficient management practices. The analysis encompasses various aspects of water resources development, including groundwater utilization, surface water management, and wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the assignment discusses sustainable solutions and policy recommendations to address these pressing concerns.

Running head: WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
Executive Summary
The report shed light on the water challenges and expected the outcome in India. The report has
also analyzed the major problem that contaminated water has created. India has one of the largest
population and urban and rural states in India has faced several problems in India. Government
policies and legislation from the early time period has stated different rules for the water
conservation process, however, all those policies are not promptly implemented and that is the
reason behind the lacking of water challenges. Central, State and Local government interventions
over the water challenges are imposed on that occasion and that signifies the problem situation
and mitigation processes of those hurdles. The importance of Indian National Water Policy and
the effective measure of that policy over the stated proposals are also highlighted in this report to
establish and understand the utility of fresh water. The importance of the policy and the probable
quality analysis of water management and their implementation process has highlighted the case
and provide an exemplary where those necessary inputs have sustained and the positioning of the
state has improved in terms of quality water management. The chosen state was Gujarat and their
water conservation process and theories that their state government has initiated has discussed
for the development. Therefore, it can be concluded that water challenges will be handled if the
proficient mannerism of situation handling and long and short-term plans are implemented in a
proper way. India would mitigate its water problems by applying those strategies and determine
those problems so that Government can again take some quick acceleration over the matter.

2WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Analysis of water challenges in Rural Areas...................................................................................4
Period or Phases of water strategies and policies........................................................................5
The possible challenges in rural area...........................................................................................6
Analysis of water challenges in Urban Areas..................................................................................8
Settlement management in Water................................................................................................9
The possible challenges in urban area.......................................................................................10
Indian National Water Policy........................................................................................................13
Challenges of the water management situation in country........................................................13
Planning procedure....................................................................................................................15
Case study of successful response to water challenge in India.....................................................16
Case analysis in Gujarat.............................................................................................................16
Innovative implementation........................................................................................................18
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................19
References......................................................................................................................................22
Appendices....................................................................................................................................29

3WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
Introduction
The major problem in India is population. With the increasing nature of population water
scarcity and water management is the crucial issue for the nation. There are numerous water
sources but most of the sources are not used or it staged for different reasons. In this report, the
possible infrastructure of the water resources and global advancement of water challenges is
discussed. There are two sections in India, Urban and Rural and both these sections are facing
some water challenges and these water challenges create stagnancy in their development in
agriculture, industries, and education as well (Files.Ethz.Ch. 2017). All these things are
interrelated as more than 700 million people are residing in 15 diverse environmental regions
covering about 1.42 million have the facility to contain this facility. Most of the constructive
challenges have faced by them. In a survey, it was proved that 37.7 million Indians are affecting
from the water-borne diseases and these diseases are happened due to contaminated water
(Files.Ethz.Ch. 2017). 1.5 million Children have affected due to diarrhea that impacted over the
huge challenge for the nation. Nation’s economy is also affected by the water problems 73
million working days are lost due to that water contamination. This is the reason behind the
economic fall as people are not coming for work and has created a burden of $600 million in a
year (Thatte, Chandrakant 2017).
As per article 47 in the Indian constitution, providing clean drinking water facility and
improving the public health is the clear motive that Indian Government has stated to their
civilians but most of the people in India suffering from the water contaminated disease
(Chaudhuri, Sriroop and Mimi 2016). The government has taken certain initiatives for the
development of water structure in India and in the 10th plan government has estimated 1,105

4WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
billion rupees for the safe water providence process. This is stated as an argument that the
expenses are enormous but it is also factual that in spite of such outflow lack of secure and
protected drinking water continues to be a major obstacle and a nationalized financial saddle.
Underground water is the major source of water and most of the people intake this water thus as
per the average water availability it is predicted as India will be a water-stressed nation in 2020
(Files.Ethz.Ch. 2017). 85% of the population in India depends on the underground water
resources and that is the reason that underground water is considered as the most important
resources in India (Bajpai et al. 2015). Water quality monitoring is important parts of water
validation and for this reason, more secure water hopefully deliver in most of the places in India.
From the government data analysis, it was found that 91% of urban people and 94% of rural
people are healthy drinking water and that water is not contaminated as well.
Analysis of water challenges in Rural Areas
There are certain water challenges in rural areas, however, there are several plans are not
proceeding accordingly as the initiation from the government is not effective enough to covey
this. A good amount of 1,105 billion rupees has been already invested by the Government and
that was estimated of the safe drinking water. The five-year planning was implemented in 1951
but still, most of the major struggles are imposed over that place and the economic burden and
affect have consolidated that place as well. India only has 4% of freshwater resources and that
will be distributed to the population (Fischer et al. 2015).
The challenges that are controlled by the government of India as 16% of world
population are established in this nation. A huge amount of people have not intake this little
amount of fresh water, rather they have to intake contaminated water which creates the problem

5WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
of the people to sustain their physiological function in a systematic way. Most of the rain or
snow water is considered as the fresh water and around 4000 Billion Cubic Metres (BCM) all
these participate via seas and rivers. So the 92% of underground water is used in the agricultural
sector and industrial and domestic sector as well (Srinivasan et al 2017). Thus the problem arises
when the little amount of water was distributed in all these sectors and consumption of people
was less in that flow. Starting from the early independence there are several policies
implemented by government and several committees are formed in this case to support the
population in terms of providing safe water to their civilians.
Period or Phases of water strategies and policies
The first committee was “The Environment Hygiene Committee (1949)” which will
consolidate the distribution of safe water to 90% people in 40 years’ time frame. There are some
of the program launched and supported by UNICEF and in this phase, 254.90 Crore rupees was
spent and almost 17,000 piped water supply system has been introduced during that time.
In the transition technological implementation, Accelerated Rural Water Supply
Programme (ARWSP) has been introduced in 1972 for the better coverage of drinking water in
India and that program assisted the states and Union territories of India (Dutta et al. 2015). In
1986 The National Drinking Water Mission (NDWM) has formed by the government and that
create a drafting of national water resources policies.
In the session of restructuring system, Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission
(RGNDWM) has introduced in 1991 and that amends the system of drinking water providences
and also constructs and reform the government processes in rural water needed areas. Almost
90% of the infrastructure was funded by the government remaining contribution was made by the

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community contributing (Amerasinghe et al. 2013). The sector initially covers up 67 districts and
all these districts have equally changed their identity by providing a good amount of water to
their region.
At the modern section of the consolidation phase, the process started in 2000 and still this
consolidation process of water development is going in most of the rural areas. The pattern of
Swajaldhara scheme was implemented in 2007 was a five-year plan that has been stated as the
50:50 shares in between state and center. There is no need for community contribution rather the
approach of the 11th five-year plan has encompassed all the individual possibilities like clean
water drinking, access to food, public health care and maintaining hygiene and sanitation
(Ghosh, Ruchira and Arun 2014). All these are inter-related and that becomes an extra burden for
the individual to maintain the economic and physical sustainable condition.
The possible challenges in rural area
In the operational level of water management, there are certain difficulties that have
found by the government while implementing the process (Hoekstra, Arjen 2014). These are the
execution of rural drinking process where 44.5% of funds have been used and 53.5% of the work
has completed. In other words, the additional approach of expenditure and the execution of the
scheme are an important aspect of the government. These challenges are:
 The developmental framework of the key resources of water is the basic factor that
encompasses the water management.
 Contaminated water has iron, nitrates and all other impure impingement that became the
reason behind people suffering as whenever they intake this water health unbalancing
situation was persisted.

7WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
 Groundwater exerting is the major problem for the Indian civilians as most of the people
have this water and for this reason, their agricultural aspect or the general aspect of living
depends on that (Greenstone, Michael, andRema 2014). The quality of water has taken
from the underground level is not at all appropriate in terms of the need for the people in
rural area.
 The fertilizer and the use of pesticides in agricultural field are creating damage to water
and this is the reason water become contaminated and environment get polluted. The
effort for groundwater and rainwater becomes limited if the organic pollutant has mixed
with water and that create a hazardous problem for the rural people.
 The behavioral practice and hygiene maintenance are important for mitigating the
contamination of water and that proclaims secure water deliverance to rural people (Goss
et al. 2014). The profitability and dumping waste sometimes create a problem for the
contamination and for that reason a better profitability and accession is addressed by the
government.
 The Central Water Commission is responsible for the water irrigation and drinking water
processes and that is the reason behind the fresh surface water availability which is
allocated in the Inter-state sessions. All those industries are based on that particular water
availability and that determines the quality of investment in the economic section of the
nation (Sivarasu, ChandiraSekaran, and Karthik 2015).
 The Ministry of Pollution Control Board and State Water Pollution Control Board was
going to make some of the sewage channel systems and these effluents are creating a
passage for the contaminated water and those formulated situations are handled by the
government and community people (Duraiswami et al. 2016).

8WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
 Spreading disease is another challenge that happened due to government intervention as
this is one of the major challenges for the government to provide a good amount of water
hat consolidate the disease maintenance and provide safe water for drinking, though these
are sustained in fewer amounts.
 WHO has reported that 5% of the GDP of the total nation has been estimated for the
public health expenses and that impacted the national economy as well. Most of the
hospital care and critical situation allotment is happened in India due to contaminated
water and government was trying to mitigate that for the long session of the period so that
arising health hazards can be adjusted as well as economic balance is maintained.
Clean water accountability and formulation or the investment that government has done
for the proposed plans are promptly incorporated in some of the sections (Tortajada, Cecilia
2016). Most of the rural places are still same where government initiation and effective policy
implementation is not working at all and people are not intaken secure water as well. In the
article 21 the personal liberty and protection of pollution-free source of water are the major
concern for the government thus their initiation has taken place for the improvement of the water
security (Sharawat et al. 2017).
Analysis of water challenges in Urban Areas
Urban water management is important for the public health as most of the economic
foundations are done in these areas. Public health and environment outcome also leveled with
that issue and that creates the problem for the desired security in water. There are several health
issues due to water and sanitation processes, thus government needs to take some predominant
steps to mitigate this type of situation. Diarrhea is a most common disease in children below 5

9WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
years and 25% of global diarrhea death cases occur in India (Sivarasu et al. 2015). The
decreasing quality of water intake and that provokes the health issues for the urban people
(Hutchings et al. 2016). In the 12th Five year plan, the future approach for the water management
has consolidated and that provoked the stated stages of implementation of the urban settlement.
There are certain city development plans and use of underground water is the major issue of the
sustainable urban water development (Paramashivaiah and Suresh 2016). In case of less than 1,
00,000 people Stage I township is applied. Stage II is imposed for the people in between 1,
00,000 and 1 million. Stage III imposed over 1-5 million. So it was very clear that segmented
version of cities and regions are defined by different stages and that also cover by policies
implemented by the Indian Government (Cronin et al. 2014).
Settlement management in Water
In the urban water management, there are certain proposed strategies that have found for
the location-specific manner of water distribution. The settlements include:
o Reuse of water and focusing on the recycling of water.
o Increase the number of water footprint and reducing the industrial sewage and
contaminated water.
o Use of eco-restorative and implementation of low-cost technologies for the development
of the water (Wang et al. 2016).
o In case of groundwater, the need for sustainable following manner is important.
o Local water bodies are needed to be protected by the government and that initiated the
expansion of better and wider water distribution.

10WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
o Management and distribution of the ware bodes and the water resources are the main
criteria of the urban water planning and that initiate better and secure water
implementation.
o Capacity building is the major distribution that initiated by the local water bodies and that
is the main reason behind water inappropriateness in India (Nair,Shadananan 2016). The
recent water conclave situation will happen when the water conclave will be placed in
New Delhi on 28thNov, 2017.
o Use of thermal power plant is the most important technological assessment that created
enhancement in the water development of India.
Household arrangement and distribution of water in urban areas is the major need that
endorses in this situation. Most of the household (70%) have accessed tap water and 40% of the
urban households have not accessed this facility. In between them, 49% of people have piped
water supply in their premises and that is the reason the fresh water is needed in that as if the
water is getting contaminated then most of the cases people are having this and then that much of
water impacted over that (Pastakia, Astad 2014). As the population has changed the
improvement in an urban water supply is also predicted. 84% of water supply has improved in
this case and that protected the Indian from the contamination of water.
The possible challenges in urban area
The water sewage connection and the conventional way of water distribution are related
to storage, diversion and pipe treatment of the urban area. For the calculated level of the
classification maximum water supply level has estimated at 150% and that develop the water
supply and treatment process in urban areas (World Health Organization, 2015). Sewage and city
planning is the important issue in that case and that will bring up the effective challenges for the

11WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
water management. In that proposed structure, there are certain challenges that urban water
management has to mitigate. In that case, some of the challenges are:
 Local government has a poor view of their water policies and that is the reason behind the
improper water distribution. Water is not properly distributed in all the sectors and that
became the huge challenge for the government (Scott et al. 2015). In other words, the
problem is facing in term of piping system has concerned and related to the decisions
made by the government.
 Another challenge has faced by the urban people is the weak finance of the local
government is having (Nandi, Sangeeta and Shama 2013). As the most of the local
government has not enough money to implement some of the project related to secure
water service and that is the reason safe water is not coming their way. For the better
understanding of urban water management, most of the housing infrastructure needs to be
revised so that proper planning or water supply can sustain (Goss et al. 2014). Most of the
case the adequate mechanism of storage can maintain an operational process and that
defines the small-scale business in terms of water delivery.
 Another major challenge in storage device section is water distribution system and that
analyzes the expansion of covered area in case of critical issues (Chambers 2014). Most
of the distribution losses and essential operational and management system in the urban
areas need to be intervening by the Indian Government as they have to modify the
distribution panel.
 Physical maintenance and operational maintenance both are interrelated to that the
progression of water development and that will create additional water distribution and
losses in terms of maintaining the water sustainability in India (Dutta et al. 2015).

12WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
 In terms of determining the resources India, more effective planning is needed from the
nation's point a view. The five-year planning has implemented in the agricultural sector
and industrial sector in terms of delivering adequate water in all places.
Therefore, Ministry of Urban Affairs (MoUA) has implemented some innovative
strategies and that develops the urban areas as well. Town and Country Planning Organization is
the enactment process of government policies and that also stated whole administration process
and effective provincial municipal administrative actions are taken in that case. The planning is
very important in that case as the urban community development and slum areas problems are
the hike problems for the urban areas thus sufficient water supply is the key maintenance for the
developmental nature in urban areas(Fuller et al. 2016). The 11th Five Years Planning under the
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Urban Infrastructure
Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) has been implemented by the
government and for those 5098 towns in 63 cities are benefitted. These implemented policies
strengthen the development land and productivity of cities in terms of delivering water facility in
the regulated framework. Urban Infrastructure Fund is formulated for the better coverage of
water productiveness and facility from the drinking water amenities and gaining good health for
the urbanization process (Nagendra, Harini and Ostrom 2014). The major sources of water in
urban areas are rivers, groundwater, lakes, and tanks. The groundwater scarcity needs to mitigate
by the technological innovations and that is the major reason behind the other provisional sector
defection in water (Schäfer et al. 2014). A private source of drinking water now emerges in this
condition as the major changes and the cumulative effect of public demand of water make a
commendable change in terms of changing the dimension of the water supply scenario in India.
As most of the populations are registered in the urban section of areas thus their lifestyle and

13WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
infrastructural accession are needed by the water and that will bring up the private organization
to leveling water as a priced item in the market (Saleth, Rathinasamy 2016).
Indian National Water Policy
Water is a fundamental necessity for all life forms and is also a secure resource, hence
must be used efficiently and with careful planning. While India has almost 18% of the global
population, it only has 4% of the global renewable water resource, which only goes on to show
the importance of proper water planning (Grumbine et al 2013). With growing population and
the need to provide the entire nation with the water that is needed for sustainable development,
coupled with rising challenges of drought and floods in different parts of the country every year,
there will soon be conflicts within the provinces and the regions regarding the allocation of
water. Water flow has reduced below ecological standards and this constitutes further challenges
for the water use of the country.
Challenges of the water management situation in country
There have been several concerns regarding the management of the water sources in the
country, among which, a few are:
 Rapid population growth and large parts of the country being hit by water shortage have
led to a critical condition in many parts of the country (Amerasinghe et al. 2013).
 Water governance is still not a major point of concern, which only contributes to the
problem further
 It is a fact that sea levels are rising due to global warming, and this has caused the
groundwater to become saltier, which means a further reduction in the usable water
quantity (Grumbine et al 2013).

14WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
 Though water is a community resource, it is still considered to be private property by
many and is exploited in abundance by many, which makes it hard for some others to get
access to drinkable water
 Intra-state disputes about water stigmatizes relationships between the provinces
 Proper sanitation and sewage water access is also at time difficult to obtain in many areas
National Framework Law is an umbrella term that has been developed by the
Government of India that would be looking into the different issues that are faced by the people
in terms of access to water and aim to mitigate those issues. Governing bodies at the central,
state and local levels would be employed by the government to make sure that every available
resource is accessible by everyone and is used in an efficient manner (Grumbine et al 2013). This
framework would be recognizing water as not only a community resource, but as a scarce one,
and implement effective regulations to make sure everyone is given access to it.
Climate change would be the biggest threat against water resources and hence it must be
ensured at a micro level so that every community can adopt climate resilient technology so that
the adverse effects of the same can be minimized (Srivastava et al. 2015). These adaptation
strategies can include better management of the water resources, most notably through better
agricultural strategies, that would be using the water resources more thoughtfully. The water
resources structures such as dams, flood embankments have to be incorporating possibilities of
climate changes when being designed so that they can also serve their purpose in the future times
to come (Grumbine et al 2013).
Water usage in different areas, in particular, industrial purposes, has to be appraised and
also assessed properly to understand if the available water is being used in a proper way and in

15WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
an efficient manner (Grumbine et al 2013). Projects have to be structured that would give
incentives to efficient and economic use of water. Local irrigation patterns and infrastructure has
to be reinforced.
Planning procedure
Intricate and minute planning has to be done that would ensure water resources
management and proper use of the same. Given the fact that water situation in India is always
poor and the condition is only projected to worsen due to climate change and other problems, it
is only logical to plan water resource projects with efficiency benchmarks that can be prescribed
in different situations (Grumbine et al 2013). Water resources are by nature inter-disciplinary,
which means that the projects have to be planned with keeping in mind both the environmental
as well as the social perspectives and contemporary social structure of the country. While
designing the projects, it has to look into so that every stakeholder of the project is befitted and
not adversely affected. If the projects are not completed in time, there is a heavy chance for the
project to start incurring a loss, both environmental and social and hence the projects must be
made time bound. To avoid any sort of time or cost over-runs, central and local government
interventions have to be done (Grumbine et al 2013). Every water resources projects, as well as,
hydropower projects, has to be planned in a way that would make it feasible for those to serve as
multi-purpose projects and provide provisions for storage to generate maximum advantage from
the existing topology and water resources.
India has future water resources management plans that would be aimed at ushering in a
socio-economic and environmental condition that would ensure every citizen and every region.
By 2020, the country will be adopting a range of projects implement plans that would be tackling
the issues of drought and flood in a much more efficient manner (Grumbine et al 2013). These

16WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
projects also include planning and designing for structures that prevent soil erosions caused by
rivers or other water bodies. With a changing climate, this would become increasingly important
every day. Efficiently forecasting flood situations can help immensely while planning for water
resources management (Gleick2014). The projects that would be undertaken by the government,
would not only be focused on making sure everyone has access to drinking water but would also
aim to ensure usable water and seek to improve the sanitation and sewage scenario in the country
as well. Urban domestic water usage would then be drastically improved and be readily available
by everyone.
The National Water Policy of 2012 is not a temporal policy of the Government of India;
rather, it aims to create a sustainable condition for the country so that the future generations and
the country as a whole benefit from the policy. The policy also serves as a background for future
policies and wishes to point towards the direction that the next policies should take.
Case study of successful response to water challenge in India
The case study is all about the historical water problem in Gujarat and the case study
signifies the water-related problems in Gujarat. Development of state and increase situation for
the rural sections in Gujarat is depending on the implement of water treatment that imposed over
it(Un.Org. 2017). There are certain technological innovations also for the development of the
state. State Wide Water Grid and Micro Water Harvesting are the technological intervention that
has implemented in Gujarat.
Case analysis in Gujarat
Gujarat is in a critical situation as the 6.39% of nation’s geographical area and almost
2.28% is the only water resource that has found in this state. The state has an annual rainfall of

17WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
80 cm and that also vary in some sections(Un.Org. 2017). The state has only eight perennial
rivers out of 185 rivers and all these rivers are situated in the southern part Gujarat. Before2001,
drinking water availability and a population of Gujarat is the major problem for the state and
central government as the supply of drinking water is delivered by the water trains and road
tankers. The amount of scarcity and the harmonious social effect is implemented in that context
and that has created "Water Riots" in Gujarat. Over conscripting of groundwater caused
thoughtful water eminence glitches owed to extreme fluoride, salinity, and nitrate. The amount of
fluoride pretentious abode augmented from 2,826 in the year 1992 to 4,187 by the year
2003(Un.Org. 2017). Dental Fluorosis is the permanent pigment that children are having in their
teeth and experience due to the problem for the children is the major concern for the
development of the nation. There is some technological initiation has taken by the government
and for that reason, both these theories are imposed over the water supply development(Un.Org.
2017).
Evaluation of supply line and drinking water problem is the major case in this situation
that justified the water-related case study in Gujarat and state that what successful measurements
have taken place in this situation for the development of Gujarat. Solar pumps have also been
custom-built in 260 villages in the Government sections and about 200 more solar impelling
arrangements will be mounted in the near future(Un.Org. 2017). In numerous parts of the State,
counting with coastal and ancestral areas, rooftop rainwater gathering constructions have also
been occupied up in public constructions, schools, and individual domestic level, which is also
subsequent in considerable energy investments as all these powers also related with the water
management and scheme. Drinking water supply from the bankers and trains are the best way to
have safe and secure surface water and also influence the technological intervention of reverse

18WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
osmosis for the non-fluoridation program(Un.Org. 2017). The environment, health sectors and
economic factor of the state all these are inter-related and for that reason of the technological
enhancement and the development for water availability, all these sections are needed to be
highlighted due to that reason. Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board 2009 have formed and
for that reason, drinking water supply and safe surface water deliverance have boosted a bit.
Most of the areas are pipe covered and for the reason, underground water directly connected to
each household. This is the innovative change that Gujarat government has done in recent past
and that also encourage the water supply of Gujarat.
Innovative implementation
A new water governance model of Water and Sanitation Management Organization
(WASMO) in Gujarat empowers the village level building and proactive capability. In this
inception, WASMO has turned on some effective changes through the water supply program and
for the implementation of the program; almost 16,740 villages are having water resources. More
than 6500 villages have already started water conservation process and for that reason, water
bodies are getting affected and community of decentralization program also strengthens.
WASMO has a strong partnership with government and for that reason, rural community and
their government bonding have effected in the operation(Un.Org. 2017). Certain innovative
mechanism and policy-making the decision is implemented in the rural areas in Gujarat and
United Nations Public Service Award in the category of the water sector and safety process were
given to Gujarat as well. There is certain proposed transfer process in between the Narmada and
multi-state river valley policy also reflects the agricultural production and supply of drinking
water in the scarcity-hit areas in Gujarat(Un.Org. 2017).

19WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
Therefore, most of the innovative thinking and their projected implementation is the key
success factor for the Gujarat enhancement in terms of water safety and security. Micro water
harvesting, Hydropower involvement, Drip irrigation from Gujarat Green Revolution Company
limited, Jyotigram Scheme for the technological initiative in the power sector and the River
conservation process of water resources all these are the evaluative aspects for Gujarat and for
that reason the greening sector of Gujarat and increasing flow in groundwater level in Gujarat is
the concern issue for the government (Mohan, Shantha and Sailen 2015). Government is quite
happy to implement that opportunity for the people in Gujarat and boost up the rural economy of
Gujarat. Agricultural performance and improvement in Animal husbandry are maintaining their
unstitch graph and that has made a huge impact on the Economic growth practice in Gujarat
(Mehta et al. 2014). Improvement in drinking water facility and emerging situation in
agricultural enhancement situation s the key aspect for Gujarat as the government is stepping
forward in the participation program and due to that program irrigation water supply and
drinking water distribution is maintained in a systematic way.
Conclusion
Therefore, above the above findings, it can be concluded that India has an immense water
problem and the problem is being enormous when a number of people have got infected for that
reason. Most of the people in India have to suffer by water quite a few times and the significant
reason behind is the water-related disease like diarrhea and all. There are some significant steps
that Indian Government has taken for the development of water and their supply process. But
most of the processes are not implemented properly as the level of involvement was not taken by
the government officials. Though in this modern politics, the sociological image of India is very
good in terms of managing the adverse situation. Thus their involvement and transitional level

20WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
must be improved and some of the recommendations processes need to be implemented for the
development of water management as well as the nation's economy. The Indian government has
set some long term and short term goals and these goals have been set for the adoption of water
and their technical assistance and that signifies the environmental change in terms of
encouraging the water management. In response to the high demand for water, most of the water
what people has for the intake reason is the contaminated one and this is the reason behind the
increased mortality rate due to water. In this report, all these water problems in the urban area, as
well as the rural area, has discussed and including these facts, Indian National Water Policy 2012
has also been discussed. The report also highlights a case study related to the successful response
to water challenge and for that reason, a big impact on the water management and their stated
clause has discussed. Most of the times the water management establishment and improvement is
depending on better planning and programs and these can be undermined by the government for
the improvement of better water conservation and uses for different purposes.
In short-term goals irrigation infrastructure and the better technological assessment is the
basic issue that government has looked for. Over sighting of transparency is another quality
recommendation that proposed by the government and price of water is maintained for that
reason. Technological assessment and increase of groundwater level are important is another key
recommendation that government has set as short-term goals and these implemented programs
are creating relief for the development of agricultural, industrial and amenities process. In case of
setting long-term goals increase of per capita water demand is needed as in 2050, the expected
population for the region is 1.6 billion and this is the most challenging situation as this country
thus for mitigating of this situation sustainable water distribution is required. There are some
limitations that have taken care of the central and state government in together, in that case, their

21WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
collaboration and infrastructure is the concern issue for the sectional people. If proper water
distribution is maintained then only this situation can be controlled.
Thus the situation is quite clear when an amount of fresh water is very less and for that
reason, water conservation and their implementation is very important to provide sustainable
development of the nation. In terms of increased water availability consumption of fresh water
and the reduction of carbon footprint in the water supply is important. That actually determines
the situation of India and the need of drinking water for the sustainable condition of the nation.

22WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
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29WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
Appendices
Appendix 1
Figure 1: Ground water units in India
(Source: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/154067/PrabhuBrief.pdf)
Appendix 2

30WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA
Figure 2: systematic Planning in India
(Source: www.wateraid.org)
Appendix 3:
Figure 3: Contamination Present in Water
(Source: www.wateraid.org)

31WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA