Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

This article analyzes a research paper based on newborn body temperature maintenance and effectiveness of skin-to-skin contact with mother. The paper summarizes and analyzes the background, methodology, result, ethical consideration and conclusion of the article in an effective manner.

Running head: RESEARCH CRITIQUE& ETHICAL CONSIDERATION 1
Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations - Draft
Student Name
NRS 433V Introduction to Nursing Research
Grand Canyon University
Due Date

RESEARCH CRITIQUE & ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Introduction
Temperature maintain in infant is one of the biggest concern for the health care
organizations across the world as it has been found that 21% infant mortality in the developing
countries is caused due to hypothermia (Beiranvand et al., 2014). Due to rapid changes in the
environment after birth the temperature of the newborn dropped rapidly. Thus, it is important to
provide thermal protection to the newborn in order to reduce the mortality rate due to
hypothermia (Irum et al., 2017). In this regards study has reported that skin-to-skin contact of the
baby with the mother is effective to maintain the temperature of the newborn as it helps to
maintain the natural thermal environment. Effective strategies include swaddling the baby
comfortably, keeping the baby on mother’s belly and use a head cap in order to prevent the heat
loss and keeping the baby on the mother’s chest during breast feeding (Safari et al., 2018). Study
has informed that it is easy to keep the newborn in skin-to-skin contact with mother and the most
effective way to reduce the risk of hypothermia (Beiranvand et al., 2014). The assignment aims
to analyze a research paper based on newborn body temperature maintenance and effectiveness
of skin-to-skin contact with mother. In this regards the paper will analyze the research article
The effect of mother and newborn early skin-to-skin contact on initiation of breastfeeding,
newborn temperature and duration of third stage of labor by Safari et al., (2018). The following
paper will summarize and analyze the background, methodology, result, ethical consideration
and conclusion of the article in an effective manner.
Background of Study
The neonatal and maternal mortality rate is very high in Iraq as compare to developed
countries. Hypoxia and perinatal infection have been identified as the potential cause of neonatal
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death. It has been found that with early initiation of breastfeeding such mortality rate could be
reduced. However, breastfeeding rate is very low (38.1%) in Iraq. On the other hand study has
informed that various protective effects has been provided by the skin-to-skin contact (SSC)
between the mother and the newborn after the delivery of the newborn. SSC has been found to be
effective in the initiation of breastfeeding as well (Irum et al., 2017). In this regards the study has
aimed to identify the effects of SSC in order to initiate breast feeding, duration of the third stage
labor and maintain newborn temperature. Based on the aim of the study the researchers were
focused to test four hypotheses such as shorter duration of labor in third stage is experienced by
the mothers who involved in the SSC after the birth of the newborn, such mothers initiate early
breastfeeding, newborns with SSC contain normal body temperature and more successful
breastfeeding is exhibited by the mothers who involve in SSC as compare to the mothers who do
not involve in SSC (Safari et al., 2018). The aims and hypothesis are clearly mentioned in the
background that has helped the readers to assume the content of the article.
Methods of Study
In order to address the research objectives the study has used quasi experimental study
method has been used. 130 participants have been found to be eligible to participate in the study,
however, 22 women has failed to continue SSC thus they are excluded and finally 108
participants have been chosen to participate in the study. The participants have been divided
equally into two groups, 56 in intervention group and 56 in control group. The study has utilized
four instruments to collect data such as, questionnaire, written form to assess the labor during
third stage, written form to record the temperature f the newborn and LATCH to assess
breastfeeding. Data has been analyzed using SPSS tool, T-test and chi square test. Relevant and
current literatures have been cited by the researchers, however, some old references are also
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RESEARCH CRITIQUE & ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
cited. However, the study did not reported data excluding breastfeeding and duration of
breastfeeding has not been assessed which have been considered as the limitations of the study.
Argument has not been developed, rather the researchers have aimed to compare the
breastfeeding, temperature of newborn and third stage labor of the mother practicing SSC with
the mother who does not practice SSC. Grounded theory has been used for the research and the
framework has supported the study by formulating hypotheses (Safari et al., 2018).
Results of Study
Result has indicated that 48% mothers involving in SSC have been found to breastfeed
their newborn effectively. Newborn with SSC has been found to be started breastfeeding within
2. 41 ± 1.38 (M ± SD) minutes as compare to the newborn with routine care who have initiated
breastfeeding within 5.48 ± 5.7 (M ± SD) minutes after birth. Duration of third stage labor has
been found to be low in the mothers involving in SSC. Such information has helped to
understand the effectiveness of SSC in reducing the risk of hypothermia. It has informed the
nursing practice to encourage the mothers to engage in SSC to reduce the third stage labor and
increase breastfeeding (Safari et al., 2018).
Ethical Considerations
Ethical consideration is an important part of research and the research article selected for
the study has considered the ethical approval effectively. The study has been approved by
Institutional review board such as ethical committee of the Nursing College of Hawler
University. The participants of the study have been provided adequate ethical treatment and
informed consent has been provided to them before conducting the research. However, data
storage or privacy of the participants is not mentioned in the article (Safari et al., 2018).
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Conclusion
The research article has informed that neonatal and maternal mortality rate is high in Iraq
and hypoxia and perinatal infection have been found to be the main cause of such mortality rate.
It has been found that with increasing breastfeeding the issue could be resolved. The findings
have informed that SSC could initiate breastfeeding faster than routine care. In addition, SSC
helps to reduce the third stage labor and maintain the temperature of the newborn. Such findings
have informed the nursing practice about the effectiveness of SSC and recommended to
encourage the mothers to engage in SSC to access such benefits.
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References
Beiranvand, S., Valizadeh, F., Hosseinabadi, R., & Pournia, Y. (2014). The effects of skin-to-
skin contact on temperature and breastfeeding successfulness in full-term newborns after
cesarean delivery. International journal of pediatrics, 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/846486
Irum, D., Jabeen, D., Baloch, D., & Mawani, M. (2017). Newborn body temprature; comparative
study to see the impact on newborn body temperature after skin contact of mother and
newborn v/s conventional method. The professional medical journal, 24(04), 574-579.
doi: 10.17957/tpmj/17.3748
Safari, K., Saeed, A. A., Hasan, S. S., & Moghaddam-Banaem, L. (2018). The effect of mother
and newborn early skin-to-skin contact on initiation of breastfeeding, newborn
temperature and duration of third stage of labor. International Breastfeeding Journal,
13(1). doi:10.1186/s13006-018-0174-9
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