Research Design and Methods

This document discusses the research design and methods used in developing a firm design for go-kart chassis. It covers the aim and objectives, literature review, methodology, ethical issues, and potential risks. The document provides insights into the importance of material selection, analytic calculations, and experimental analysis in enhancing the performance of the chassis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
ASSIGNMENT B
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Table of Contents
Introduction to the problem.............................................................................................................3
Aim and objective............................................................................................................................3
Literature Review............................................................................................................................3
Methodology....................................................................................................................................7
Discussion of ethical issues in a research........................................................................................8
Identification of potential risks to research.....................................................................................9
Workplan for the study including milestone.................................................................................12
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Introduction to the problem
The go-kart is a simple lightweight, self-propelled and compact vehicle, which is easy for
operation. This type of vehicles is specially designed and fabricated for racing. There are ranges
of problems in designing of go-kart chassis that such as specific measures of each component to
ensure that maximum benefit can be gathered positively. The minor mistake in design can lead to
a decline in the performance of go-kart gradually. The manufacturing cost is also one of
important issues or problem that increased manufacturing gradually. Apart from these, the
identification of reliable and authentic data or dimension create a significant role in ensuring that
a firm design can be produced without compensating with quality and standard of design
positively. It has been observed that the influence of complexity factors to the project also needs
to consider to ensure that the developed design of go-kart can be increased positively. Therefore,
a constructive approach has been applied to understand all aspect of design in a wider
perspective.
Aim and objective
The aim of this research is to produce a firm design by considering all relevant factors and trends
in order to enhance its performance positively.
 To identify the most effective and reliable material for chassis
 To develop an effective design for a go-kart that increases its performance and feasibility
 To examine maximum stress and principle tress to enhance the feasibility of design for
chassis
Literature Review
Go Kart Today and Future:
A not forgetful automobile racing is Go-Kart racing which is a cheaper way and a lot safer
automobile is racing compared to Formula one Today adult and younger both generations
practice Go-Kart racing. Go-Kart racing exposes the racer to the actual racing environment and
training them to be a professional and experienced automobile racer such as Formula One,
NASCAR, Indy racing (Abdullah et al. 2017). A promising and stabilized market is obtained by
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the Go-Kart industries, manufactures as it is experiencing an exponential growth every year due
to the increasing popularity of Go-Kart racing. The main challenge is faced by this industry in
improving the track for the growing Go-Kart drivers (Patil et al. 2014). This sport will surely
gain a very high ranking in the sports industry by continuous improvement in the Go-Kart
industry by improving Go-Kart designs, equipment, and services. A four-wheeler compact racing
vehicle is Go-Kart. One of its variants is a single seated racing vehicle which does not have any
suspension or differential (Park, 2015). Go-Kart comes in all different shapes and sizes. It also
comes in a motorless model to high powered machines. Go Kart works on a very flat racing
track as it has a very low ground clearance.
Parts of Go-Kart:
In a Go-Kart there are six parts-
1) Chassis
2) Engine
3) Steering
4) Transmission
5) Tire
6) Brake
Chassis:
The framework on which the body or the working parts of the vehicle are built is called chassis.
There are three basic designs frame, unit body, and space frame construction. The chassis is
made up of various lengths pipes and various cross-sections. The characteristics need for a
quality Go-Kart chassis are stability, torsional, rigidity and also should have high flexibility as
there is no suspension (Kusekar et al. 2015). To sustain a load of the operator and other
accessories it should have adequate strength and it depends on the material that is used to build
the chassis. Keeping the fact convenience and safety of the operator the chassis is designed.
Without compromising the structural strength the chassis is designed. Automotive parts are such
as brake drums, rotors, spindles, engine blocks, etc made up of cast iron. For different strength
and characteristics different types of steel required for different components. The most important
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point in determining strength hardness the carbon in steel is important. Different types of steel
are used are
1) Galvanized Steel
2) High Strength Steel
3) Gray Cast Iron
4) Structural Steel
Engine:
There is a number of options available on the market for engines, manufacturers such as Honda,
Bajaj, TVS offers very good quality engines. In market four-stroke engines is available
manufactured by Robin, Kohler, Honda which produces a maximum of 5 to 20hp and 4 to 15
kW. There are also more powerful two-stroke engines manufactured by Yamaha, KTM, Biland
which produces15 to 48hp and 11 to 36kW power (Jacques, 2017). They run up to 11,000 rpm.
There is also electric Go-Karts which does not emit smoke. Hydrogen fuel cell has also been
used in some Go-Karts – GIGkarts drives at a speed of 100km/h for 50-60 min.
Steering:
Directional changes to the moving vehicle are provided by the steering system of an automobile.
Go-Kart Steering system is complex, overwhelming. Parts of the steering system are a wheel,
column, steering stops and brackets, pitman arm, tie rods, spindles, and spindle brackets.
Transmission:
Go-kart transmission is very simple in nature and easy to handle consists of gears which helps to
control the speed. Without exploding the engine one cannot go past the rev limit of the engine.
By changing the gear ratio between the engine and drive wheels allows us to accelerate or slow
the speed and this is done by the transmission (Kusekar et al. 2015). Go-karts do not have a
differential, a device usually made up of gears.
Tires:
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Go kart tires are much smaller than those in normal cars, made up of mostly aluminum or
magnesium alloy. There are different types of tires choices according to whether such as Slick
tires, Intermediate Tyres, Wet Weather Tyres, and Special Tyres.
Brake:
It is important to keep in mind to focus on the brake system. There are several systems, which
are used in controlling the brake of Go-Kart such as Hydraulic system, Disc-brake, Master
cylinder, Brake lines, Caliper and T-joint. Mainly hydraulic disc brake is used in Go-Kart.
Principles of Go-Kart:
Go-Kart is built as lightweight open single chair cars having 4 wheels. Go-Karts can vary in
speed some may accomplish speed of 260 Km/hr. Go-Kart acceleration engines go-kart clutch
without a doubt has an important performance. It is the disc that enables the kart to run in a trail
at higher speeds. It helps to activate and disengage the engine with regard to the heavyweight it's
dragging (law Kubiak, 2017). For vital standard safety requirements, it is important disengaging
the clutch plus the efficiency of the car. You disengage every time a kart has been stopped it's
just imperative. So the function of the clutch is to engage and disengage the load and to stop the
cart. By using the chain into the trunk axle the energy is handed down. The differential is not
offered by go-kart while cornering the ton rear tire must fundamentally slide (Burridge and
Alahakoon, 2017). To make sure that the trunk inside tire rises when reaching the corner the
chassis is made accordingly. It permits a sufficient hold plus the energy a slip or lift of the floor.
Go-Karts are also known for family enjoyment. Putting together is very easy and they can reach
up to 50mph. Often requires supplementary parts and also could be bought as kits. The chassis
and frame load the role of suspension.
Go-Karts cost a lot of money. The cost differs from variety to variety. If the price is brought
down to an affordable range then go-kart industry will see an exponential bloom. It is one type
of an open wheel car. Soap Box Derby carts are the simplest type of go-karts. Some races are
held down a hill they are propelled by gravity (Hassan et al. 2016). Many variants are powered
by four-stroke engines or electric powered. To the rear axle by a chain, power is transmitted from
the engine. Four stroke engines can develop 5 to 20 hp with air-cooled industrial based engines.
Honda, Tecumseh, Kohler are famous manufactures of this type of engines. More powerful two-
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stroke engine making 15 to 48hp is made by a famous manufacturer like Yamaha, KTM. Electric
Go-Karts require only lead-acid batteries are of low maintenance should be plugged into an array
of chargers after each run. Electric Go-Karts can be used in an indoor controlled environment as
the does not emit smoke and pollution free. There are three types of karts – Super karts, Rotax
Karts and Four Stroke karts.
Methodology
The design for go-kart chassis is a challenging and difficult work to perform that required a firm
planning and constructive approach. In order to formulate an effective design, a sequential step is
needed to follow in which formulating of 3D cad modeling is required to develop for a maximum
positive result (Saheb et al. 2016). In order to develop a firm design, there is a necessity of two
software; analysis in Ansys 19.0 and Catia V5 software that allows the researcher to consider
different mechanical properties. With the help of this software, the complexity factors related to
chassis can be effective triggered such as strength and rigidity of the material. In the next step, a
firm selection process is needed to apply within research to ensure that maximum result can be
obtained positively (Thakare et al. 2016). It is one of the important steps to develop a firm go-
kart in order to enhance the performance of chassis in a systematic manner.
On another hand, the selection of material process helps in enhancing the strength and flexibility
of chassis positively. It has been observed that material plays a significant role in up surging
performance of chassis effectively. Most of the time, it has been witnessed that the selection of
each material and equipment are needed to examine vigilantly to ensure that maximum
information can be extracted positively (Johnson et al. 2017). On another hand, an analytic
calculation is another method to examine the validity of each collected data or dimension to
ensure that maximum benefit can be gathered positively without compensating with quality and
reliability go kart design. By applying this method, it is easy to ensure that a firm and reliable
design has been formulated without reducing the performance of chassis positively. Under
analytic calculation, different mechanical properties of the material have been analysis
effectively to ensure that maximum benefit can be gathered positively. The major benefit of this
method is a collection of finite and reliable data to make sure maximum benefit can be gathered
in a systematic manner. Hence, it can clearly be asserted that a systematic approach help in
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understanding each aspect of research positively to ensure that a firm design for chassis can be
developed (Lot and Dal Bianco, 2016).
The primary and secondary data collection methods are needed to consider positively ensuring
that maximum data and information can be gathered. Through implementing these methods,
theoretical and concise approach to research can effectively be amended to make sure maximum
benefit can be gathered in a systematic manner. It enables the researcher to apply the
experimental analysis of collected data that eventually enhance the reliability of research
positively. Through applying this approach, it is easy to understand the significance of developed
designed so that a positive change can be amended within the design in a systematic manner.
Under this experimental analysis, the developed design has been critically evaluated on a
different scale that helps in understand potential risk and challenges positively. Based on the
experimental analysis, the fabrication method is needed to apply to ensure that maximum benefit
can be gathered in a systematic manner. It has been observed that most of the automotive
components and materials are made up of cast iron such as blocks, spindles, rotor, engine and
drums these materials are facilities in increasing the strength of chassis positively (Zargar et al.
2017). Through critical analysis of the material, it has been witnessed that most of the
automotive companies are using AISI 1018, which is required to replace with composites that
give strength and flexibility to chassis positively. Through the fabrication process, it is easy to
optimize the design structure that helps in enhancing strength and aerodynamic design positively
to make sure maximum benefit can be gathered in a systematic manner (Bottigheimer et al.
2018). The static and dynamic analysis of design is required to consider that facility in enhancing
the effectiveness and reliability of design positively. Therefore, it can be asserted that the
identified methodologies are needed to consider positively ensuring that sequential and
systematic approach to developed design can be applied for a maximum positive result. Through
critical implantation of these methodologies, it is easy to understand a broader perspective of
developed chassis for a maximum positive result.
Discussion of ethical issues in a research
Ethical perspective is considered as one of the effective and reliable ways to commence each
cavity in a systematic way to sure maximum benefit can be gathered positively. In order to
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develop a firm design, it is essential to maintain a personal value within research to ensure that
maximums benefit can be gathered. By marinating personal values, it is easy to increase the
feasibility of the design. Through critical analysis of research, the protection of data is required
to consider positively ensuring that maxim benefit can be gathered through implementing the
Data Protection Act 1998 (Solanki et al. 2016). Through implementing this act, the safety and
reliability of collected data a dimension of the project can be safeguarded positively without
compensating with the effectiveness of a design.
Product integrity factor is requisite to consider ensuring that maximum benefit can be gathered
positively. In regard to design for chassis, it can be asserted that architectural design, industrial
combination perspective are required to consider positively to ensure that maximum can be
gathered without reducing the reliability of the project significantly (Cubon et al. 2014). Most of
the time, it has been witnessed that product integrity signifies that products are created by
considering all external factors both positive and negative to make sure the adverse effect of
potential risks can be reduced for extracting the positive result. In order to enhance the reliability
and feasibility of the project, the different forum is needed to apply effectively in order to ensure
that maximum benefit can be gathered such as Structural integrity of form, the usability of form
and aesthetic of form (Padhi et al. 2016). Through these forms, it is easy for a researcher to
consider all paternal risks and challenges.
Identification of potential risks to research
No. Potential risks Action Taken
To
Reduce Risk
Detail
Information
Provided
Detail Any
Further Action
Required
1 Economic risk This is
considered as
one of the
important factors
that influence the
reliability and
feasibility of a
Economic risks
direct the
reliability and
feasibility of the
project that
resists researcher
to perform the
The scope and
criteria of the
project are
essential
components of a
project to make
sure, the entire
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project in order
to reduce
potential risk,
each factor are
needed to
consider along
with external
factors that apply
new and innovate
action to tackle
of potential risk
positively
entire research
under constraint
budget. It also
resist to
researcher to
apply new and
advanced
technologies to
commence
design in a
systematic order.
project can be
commenced
insufficient
budget under
which new and
innovate
approach can be
applied
positively.
Through this
approach, the
reliability and
feasibility of
developed design
can be increased
systematically.
2 Data and information This is
considered as
one of the
important
potential risks
that reduce the
reliability and
feasibility of the
project. In order
to secure
respective data,
firm policy and
regulations are
needed to save
positively.
It plays a
significant role in
producing a firm
design that
complies with
organizational
vision and
objectives. Due
to ineffective
data and
unauthentic data,
the strength of
the chassis
cannot be
increased.
A firm policy
and regulation
are required to
complement
vigilant that
enforce the
researcher to
perform the
legitimate way to
gather all
essential data
that enhance the
reliability of
project p
systematically.
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3 Developing of ineffective
design
It is essential to
compile with
business
objectives and
aim to business
operation
positively to
ensure that a firm
design can be
produced
positively.
The ineffective
design may
create problem in
providing
deliverables of a
project such as
safety and
security of
drivers in a go-
kart.
A systematic
and sequential
approach to
developing a
design is
required to apply
positively to
ensure that all
respective
measures or
criteria are
needed to
consider to
increase the
effectiveness and
reliability for a
developed design
for chassis
4 Communication risks A firm
communication
channel is
needed to
implement within
o workplace to
share information
and data to
formulate an
effective design
It has been
witnessed that
communication
risks reduce the
rate of sharing
information and
data positively
that increased the
effectiveness and
reliability
formula design in
a systematic
manner.
Implementation
of social media
and E-mail are
essential sources
that can be
applied to ensure
new and
innovative
techniques are
effectively
applied to
formulate an
effective design
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positively.
The table gives a bro perspective risks and problems that arise during the project to ensure that
maximum benefit can be collected in a systematic way. It has been observed that economic a
collection of effective data can be gathered positively for maximum result. In or to tackle these
potential risks and challenges, firm policy and regulation are required to implement that assist
the researcher to apply a legitimate way to commence the task vigilantly. T8hrou critical analysis
of potential risks, it has been evident that the ineffective design may create problem in providing
deliverables of the project such as safety and security of drivers in a go-kart. Through proper
planning and constructive approach, it is easy to enhance the reliability and feasibility of design
through a collection of authentic data and disunion that facilitates in increasing strength and
performance of k chassis positively. The scope and criteria of the project are essential
components of a project to make sure, the entire project can be commenced insufficient budget
under which new and innovate approach can be applied in a systematic order. Through this
approach, the reliability and feasibility of developed design can be increased systematically.
Workplan for the study including milestone
Activities for the study Milestone
3D CAD modeling 1 Week
Material selection 2 Weeks
Analytical calculation 1 Week
Finite element analysis 1.5 Weeks
Comparison with the theoretical calculation 3 Weeks
Generate result 1 Week
The above table signifies a sequential step to commence the project or develop a design for
chassis to make sure a maximum benefit can be gathered. Through a systematic approach to the
study, it is easy to understand broad perspectives of design to enhance the reliability and
performance of go-kart chassis positively. Most of the time, it has been witnessed that the
selection of each material and equipment are needed to examine vigilantly to ensure that
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maximum information can be extracted in a systematic manner. Through implementing these
methods, theoretical and concise approach to research can effectively be amended to make sure
maximum benefit can be gathered.
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