The Sociology and Community of Human Beings in Australia
Added on 2020-06-03
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Research Essay
INTRODUCTIONThe systematic and critical study of human society is defined as sociology. Sociologistsare those personalities who contributes their time and efforts in comprehending and analysing thehuman society, culture and belief of human beings. In accordance with this context, the researchessay will examine the society and community residing in Australia. Australia is themulticultural country in which people of different culture and religion lives in. This essay willinvestigate how sociologists explain disadvantages, inequality and marginalisation in Australiansociety. The reasons for disadvantages, poverty, racial discrimination, inequality will beidentified in this essay.Sociologists explain disadvantages, inequality and marginalisation in Australian societySociology is the critical and systematic study of cultural, religion and beliefs of humansociety. Sociologists in Australia studies the different society and communities that resides in thecounty (Wilkinson, 2009). As Australia is one of the largest multicultural country where majorityof population came from different countries and living in Australia. From the analysis ofstatistical data of national population, it was identified that 67% of Australians born in Australia,49% of of Australians born outside the country. In 2016, approximately 300 Australian homesidetified speaking different languages. Further, the population of Aboriginal or Torres StraitIslander was around 2.8% of total population. Thus, it implies Australia follows multiculturalismapproach in the nation. Though, there are certain disadvantages faced by these communities andsocieties while residing in the nation. Sociologies explains the community disadvantage by analysing the past and presentstatistical data which shows the income level, poverty, mental stress of individuals and natives ofAustralia (Robertson, 2011). Community disadvantage is the complex interplay between thecharacteristics of residents living in a community. Unemployment, low income are someexamples of community disadvantage. According to the Australian Bureau Statistics the currentunemployment rate in the country is 5.5% (Unemployment Rate, 2017). The unemployment ratefor aboriginal Australians and other culture or religion people were more as compared to nonindigenous Australian. Further, 13.3% of the total population were living in below poverty lineout of which maximum people were of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander communities (Ayub,2013). Sociologists identified that in the multicultural society of Australia, the culture of“othering” rising rapidly. Othering refers to the practice of distancing oneself consciously or1
subconsciously from those perceived as different in terms of gender, sexual orientation,ethnicity, language, professional status or social class. This impacts on the indigenousAustralians and other culturally diverse population. Different cultural population has faced racial discrimination everywhere, whether toorganisations, localities or at any events. When it comes to life expectancy, the infant mortalityrates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children was almost double that for non-Indigenous children. Due to racial and class discrimination, majority of indigenous populationfaced difficulties in getting effective healthcare treatments. The education provided to indigenouschildren is not efficient as compared to non indigenous population. Thus, it leads to increaseunemployment rate and poverty rate of indigenous population (Ayub, 2013). Sociologists alsoexamined the gender inequality culture follows in the country. In studies they conclude thatmajority of women spend their times doing household chores as compared to young men. Thus,gender inequality is the major disadvantage that faced by the country which impacts on thementality and psychology of women.Gender inequality can be observed in many organisations and industries established in thecountry. Though, government of Australia, formulated various policies and acts in order toeradicate the class discriminations and gender inequality, it has not been followed in theorganisational practices effectively (Platt, 2011). In order to eliminate the gender inequality, thegovernment of Australia mandates Workplace Gender Equality Act in 2012, where it ismandatory for the organisation to eliminate gender inequality. Thus, it has been estimated thatover 15 million women of Australia will enter in the corporate world. This will aid in reducingthe gender inequality practising in the organisation. Marginalisation describes a state in whichindividuals are living on the fringes of society because of their compromised or severely limitedaccess to the resources and opportunities needed to fully participate in society and to live adecent life. The Marginalised Australians are the minority population residing in Australia whoexperiencing profound and multi-faceted disadvantages. The domains of disadvantage includethe poverty line, child social exclusion index and WHO quality index (Ayub, 2013). TheIndigenous Australians are bound to be more marginalised as compared to non indigenouspopulation of the country. They faced several disadvantages in the country which degrading theirlifestyle. These disadvantages vary from poor health and mental stress to unemployment andpoverty. 2
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