Plato, Aristotle and Plotinus: Issues of Determinism and Compatibility

This essay explores the ancient philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and Plotinus and their views on determinism and compatibility. It discusses the concepts of freedom and moral responsibility and their significance in human agency. The essay also delves into the ideas of Saint Gregory Nyssa and Soren Kierkegaard on freedom. The subject is philosophy, and the document type is a research essay.

Research essay (research essay)
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TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1....................................................................................................................................3
Plato, Aristotle and Plotinus together with the issues of determinism and compatibility:..........3
Plato and Aristotle.......................................................................................................................3
Plotinus........................................................................................................................................4
Determinism................................................................................................................................6
Compatibilism..............................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2....................................................................................................................................8
Freedom as Good According to Saint Gregory Nyssa.................................................................8
Gregory of Nyssa.........................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 3..................................................................................................................................13
Freedom according to Soren Kierkegaard.................................................................................13
REFERENCE............................................................................................................................14
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CHAPTER 1
Plato, Aristotle and Plotinus together with the issues of determinism and compatibility:
Aristotle said that ancient philosophies are important and engaged in the reflection of
human agency. The philosophies arises questions that when would be the people be responsible
for their actions and why people act deliberately and effectively. As on this statement there is
always arguments that humans are considered as responsible and the most effective agents. If
someone wanted to learn about this philosophies carefully (Ancient Theories of Freedom and
Determinism., 2020). Then the ancient theory of freedom and determination should not have
assimilated quickly. Determination are considered as the contemporary philosophy, which asks
the question that determinism is compatible or not with the freedom. So it is required moral
responsibility for control on the actions.
There is the argument that ancient philosophy have that with moral responsibility, casual
determination is compatible. It has raise more wide concerns. The discussions can be divided
into two broad aspects. The first is effective agency and other one is moral responsibility.
Effective agency says that does human have the capability to do things as they want to do and
did they achieve what they desire. As per Aristotle, effective deliberation opens the contingency
of the future. Everything which will happen is not necessary. Whereas moral responsibility says
that the ability should be praise and rewarded or can be given punishment and rewards for the
actions which is taken by humans. Aristotle explains voluntary actions for which the person itself
is responsible.
Plato and Aristotle
Aristotle conception on the freedom seems to be that well being are free, who might be
existing to sake and not for another well being. Aristotle has also provided the definition of the
freedom. Aristotle book also present the interpretation with the one of household relation, while
with having the namely (Keena, 2021). He also make the difference between political status of
slavery and naturally make the condition alone for making political status legislate. Freedom
seems to be bare ability for choosing between more alternatives and their might action in which
this could be more responsible for having the better option.
Aristotle writing to cover many subject such as biology, logic, ethics. Poetry, economics,
politics, geology and many other philosophies. As per his view freedom must be important for
the well being while through which the human being can make sure about their various things
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and effective manner. He also established the library which could helped him for producing ,any
of his hundred books and make their more lessons on different topics (DeLue and Dale, 2021).
He have found in this chapter about the freedom in which the master slaving relationship have
been discussed and for which the foresee with the mind of some naturally ruling and naturally
mastering for working with many other elements.
Plato translated the term Freedom while by having the specifics triadic relation as in the
English term- freedom of agents implementing for the goals. He was the founder of the Platonist
school who thought about the various things and many more academy. He is widely considered
with the most important and make influential individuals in human history (Kent and
Theunissen, 2021). He have also presents the solution to the universal problem with the name of
Platonism. He was the most famous contribution in the theory of forms. While this might be also
explained about the freedom things which could make the people knowledge and make sure
about the various kinds of theory.
While this both ancient philosophy have discuss more about the ethics responsibility
while through which they come to know about the various terms in which they can work overall.
This might be based on the explored of degree with having the human freedom which might be
might permitted by goals. Although, this could be also important for making the proper freedom
process in which the work and many other things which could be important for taking the proper
decision (Gordon, 2021). This philosophy could also play the important roles in process for
which the various terms and condition might be applied for which the ethical responsibility
might be included. Aristotle easily make their theory overall for which they can get who can deal
over any situation and how they can make sure about those things which could be important for
them in making their future aspects. Philosophy control over any discussion in which they can
work and make their right for the freedom.
Plotinus
Plotinus this could be considered the founder of the Neo-Platonism which taking the
reading over the Plato. This might be seems to be forms of productive unity of these while
having three beings for all existence emanates (Putzu, 2021). In addition, Plotinus has developed
the various unique theories and knowledge which might be based on the ideas that play the active
mind roles in shaping or ordering sometime more perception for which the objects and receiving
the data of sense expensive. The philosophy of Plotinus represented the complete collection and
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student are reading more over their books for which the ethics and many other individual human
being and more thing can represent.
For him, the freedom means the action resides not in more concrete results of material for
understanding more circumstances and make their external determined. Moreover, in the rational
desire for good goals at end of which the agent can make control over them. According to him,
freedom seems to be important for which the life work can be done by having the proper
estimation in which the human being can make their goals (Salles, 2020). Creativity must be
important for which the philosophy might be essential for making the freedom lesson and have
the large students. Therefore, freedom is one not the same things as freedom and actualizing the
self for understanding more about the indicates and become truly free.
According to Plotinus, freedom is beginning and the end for which this could be viewed
essentially, final goals, goods and unity. He was an original and profound for the thinker in his
own right and make the worked all that is found with having the earlier thinkers. The research
have been seen that tension between Plotinus could be about the religious demand that could
based on the pure unity and self-presences with having the highest from existence in his
cosmology and make the proper necessity of accounting for the multiplicity (Somma, 2021).
While this tends could also explain about the excessive complexity and make the determined
rigor about his thought. This could also seems he think about the various things which could be
related to freedom in which human being can work and make their better future aspects. While
through which this could be also important in taking the benefits about those things which could
be seems to having the freedom.
This could also said the dealing with the two levels of human being such primary and
secondary. This could means that rational desires more about the virtuous action for having real
aspects and make their free human agency operative in practical ethics. For instance, freedom
can be resides outsides for action, the freedom choose and act for destiny to be displaces for
purely spiritual (Baltzl, 2021). He take some of the initial line for response towards the better
outcomes of the action and make the not be include. What has in mind for something cases
where this could interferes with the action and make the prevents the intended outcomes while
having such blow of wind swaying and make arrow course.
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Determinism
Determinism is the philosophical events which are determined completely for having
some of the existing causes. This theory throughout the history in philosophy from diverse and
sometimes motives while by overlapping and consideration. This might be debates that scope for
determining systems and with having some of the maintaining that could be entire while having
the universe single determinate and make the system for identifying more limited or multiversity
(Sökmen,2021). They might be also include the concerning determinism and free will,
technically and denoted for denying the possibility. This about more interaction which affect the
cognitive process in human life. While this could be also important in making the decision power
and make sure about those things which could be important for having the perfect prediction for
practically possible.
This might belief all about the human behaviour flow from generic and environmental
factor through which once this can occurred and make some of the difficult or impossible
changes. For example, determinist person can argue that person make him or her more anxious.
This have the main for the sciences and prediction and control of human behaviour (Wood,
2021). While this might some led for development of treatment along with the terms for illness
behaviour is determined. Evaluation can be said that predication and control of human behaviour
can be benefited in many ways. While this might be also important for knowing about the causes
of behaviour that will existing even if they are not being found yet.
Determinism not consistent with how legal system can operates and Unfalsifiable.
Furthermore, the data have been based on idea of causes of behavior in which this might exists
and if not possible this could not found yet, at some of the basic things principle impossible for
proving wrong. Along with their might be no first thought for which the work can human
behavior can be changed (Cicirelli and Nigro, 2021). Assumption can be said that all behaviors
that can be caused and therefore, this could be also important for knowing about the predicted
approaches. Strengths that can be emphasis more about the cause or effect makes the world for
more understanding and predictable. Determinism seems to be key goals for science although
also defines more about the human behaviour and their various factor for causing the high impact
over the behaviour from many other peoples.
Weaknesses of Determinism can be while this could not recognise more about the free
will over the human behaviour and make more choices for legal or moral choices for society.
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Determinism can never fully explain or examined about the human behaviour. Causal
determinist believe more on nothing for which there in the universe which have this is uncaused
or self-caused (Bendor, Eriksson and Pargman, 2021). While this can be condition for working
with having the better human behaviour. Although, this might be also important for knowing
about those things which could be important for taking much benefits and while thinking more
about the valuable thing in the human behaviours.
Compatibilism
Compatibilism this means which beliefs that having free will and determinist are
sometime mutually compatible and make sure about that possible to believe more about both and
being make some logically inconsistent. This also believes about the freedom for having the
present or absent situation and easily make sure about the reasons that could have nothing for do
with their life (Matheis, 2021). Free will seems to be agent who working according to having
their own motivation. Although, this could seems to be important in which the 'Mans can do
what he will but he cannot what he will', in other words, while could help the human for working
with having the effective motivation and try to make sure about their free will.
This views also make the sense for free will close for having the ability to live as per
according to their one own rules and no one opposed to have being submitted through the
external domination. Compatibilist believe more about the person that chose between many
choices and make their choices always with having the external factor (Jaster, 2021). While this
might be also important for having the high impact while through which he is saying more about
the not know what he will choice. This could also allow for some of the personal agency based
on the principle reasons and how they laws of their physics. While this might be also important
in having the growth and easily make sure how they can deal over their free will and which
situation and how the human behaviour can be having the focused.
Alternative to strictly dualism for positing a mind or some of the soul existing apart from
the one body and make their while for perceiving the same thing, thinking, choosing freely.
While on the hand, this also include both traditional religious and less common some of the
newer concepts (McKinley, 2021). Compatibilism can suggest the better things and make sure
about the free will along with the moral responsibility with the truth of determinism. While
Aristotle believes that human have free will because they are free for selecting their action within
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the confines with the nature. Along with this also important for making the big advantage for
having the alternative presented and them by their between dispositions.
Moreover, humans are also hold for having the huge development and try to make sure
about the variation for being the proper growth. While this could also important for taking much
benefits and make sure about those things which could be important or taking the changes in the
disposition that present them with these types of alternatives (Agule, 2021). One might object
that can be kind of freedom implies for having the existence of the something in humans and
have the better outside the causal order. According to Augustine, a perfect and omniscient being
some existing outside the realm of time. Temporal directionality does not exist for god, does for
human behaviour. Therefore, it might do not make sense to attribute more about the knowledge
for human in choices to god.
CHAPTER 2
Freedom as Good According to Saint Gregory Nyssa
As per Christian theological refection and Saint Gregory Nyssa relation between freedom
and grace is the most important thing (Tomoioagă, 2019). As this part provide study for deep
analysis of the eastern alternative.Saint Gregory Nyssa lives in central Asia and define Christian
orthodoxy in the roman empire. Gregory was the rational thinker and believes in freedom and
independence. Gregory presents arguments for astral determination.In one of the reflection he
explains freedom of nous within the freedom of god. As god is one and he is dependent on
nothing but the whole universe is dependent on him. God controls whole universe and do it what
he feels to do as per his will. God have every power and he can change everything and anything.
The nous is made by god only. Gregory was the one amongst the Christian who said that slavery
is sinful. He said that slavery is not good and affect the worth of mankind. As humanity should
be independent because its nature is to feel free. Although system of slave was criticized by
many people in those times. In the bool Gregor wrote that slaves are prised in the market. Is it
right to price human and humanity (Bugiulescu, 2019). Humans are not the product which can be
sold in the market. Freedom is important and slavery restricts that.
Introduction
Saint Gregory of Nysaa, is a scholar who has written books which is based on mystical,
theological and monastic approach. In these books or work he focused on Christian and platonic
tradition. Gregory was the younger son in his family and in his native province he was educated
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but his mind is impacted by philosophical training which was given by Cappadocian father
which was St basil of caesarea and ST Gregory of Nazianzus. Gregory was very much attached
with books so that is why he started his career as a teacher and also got married in his adult life.
Although there are many references which says that he did not get married. Then later he started
reading religious books and become Christian devotion. His monastic life was completed
inspired and guided by St basil. In the year 365 Gregory was kept in accusation on
maladministration by the governor on the campaign of roman emperor Valens. In the year 397
Gregory participated in the council at Antioch and by the senior scholar he was sent for the
mission of Arabian churches (Saint Gregory of Nyssa., 2020).
When he visit to Jerusalem then on an occasion by majority of fashionable pilgrimages
disliked him. As in one of his letter he wrote his opinion that how other pilgrimages has treated
him badly on the occasion. Gregor of Nysaa has became the leading orthodox of the church in
Asia minor. In the startingGregor was a scholar and his contribution is done through
writing.Gregor mostly write about platonic and Christian inspiration and which has impacted the
devotional traditions of eastern and western orthodox church. He has written a book with the
name ‘ his life of Macrina’ which was biography and emphasize on monastic life. Gregor never
said no to his pastoral duties. He knows his duties and try to do that, although many times he
faced difficulties but he did not gave up. Gregor has wrote latter which shed light on praising
saints of Cappadocia and in those latter it was written about the celebration of the great days in
the church. At the time when he was handling the responsibilities of church then there he was
handling all ethical issues if arise. He was famous in solving ethical problems, as he believes that
ethics is primary and everything is secondary and he also have knowledge of ethics in deep and
that has helped him in solving ethical issues effectively. Gregor was invited as a preach in
bishops occasion but he disliked to go in gatherings. He was a simple man and believes in
simplicity and did not like to be in crowded occasion as he does not believe in show off. On
council of Constantinople he has given his last public appearance. Although Gregor’s
ecclesiastical career was not successful as compare to other scholar but his writing was creative
and also praised by people.
Main body
Saint Gregory of Nysaa believes that freedom is the right of every individual who has taken
birth on this planet. From the Christian scholar Gregory of Nysaa was the first who has raised his
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voice against slavery. He said that slavery is sin and should not been accepted. As slavery
destroyed the worth of human being. Humanbeing has taken birth to be independent and not
someone’s slave. It has also observed that slavery is opposed and criticized by other scholar
whose name is Stoics and Seneca (Harriet, 2018). As slavery was formed in the earlier only and
also has grown with time. Gregor has found that this sinful act is increasing day by day and
someone has to stop this. So that is why he raised his voice and also educate people that humans
are not born to be slave but freedom is their right and they should have enjoy that till their last
breath. In the book which was written by him whose name is ‘homilies on ecclesiastes’ he said
that he has brought slave girls and slaves for himself.
He asked to the reader that at what price he has bought them. By saying this he means that
slavery system has associate price of humans but in reality humans have no price because they
are priceless so humans cannot be given price tag. As they are not shoes or clothes which can be
purchased.He also said that what price on can put on rationality. He said that god has made
humans to enjoy freedom on earth then how come someone can be the buyer or seller of humans.
How humans can be traded and becomes slave. He opposed slavery system and said that this
system should have been removed from the society. As to the young generation it is teaching that
slavery is normal and humans can be bought or sold at any price. This will teach wrong to the
young generation. God has not made the slavery system but it is made by the society in which
humans live. If god has made human and he believes that human should be free then who is
having more power than god so has made humans slave.
He also worked hard in spreading awareness on slavery system and why it should be
banned. Although he was criticized by various people who believes that slave system is coming
from ancient time and it must not be removed from the society (McCormick, 2019). But Gregory
did not gave up and he explained every individual about the true meaning of freedom and why
every human have right to be free and not slave of someone.Freedom is the important part of
human life and if he or she will get freedom then only one can achieve in their life what they
want to achieve. Freedom and humans are linked together as per Gregory and both should never
be separated from each other.
Saint Gregory of Nysaa has wrote the various book and also known as primarily scholar
for writing the various thing which could be works for balancing Platonic and Christian tradition.
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While this have been seems that Christian traditional must be important in which they can
manage their work and make their freedom as per choice of God. In sometime he was unable to
become successful while due to having some of the cases and after having the new emperor those
could led them for making successful books and many other scholar (Liu, 2021). The first
tendency would be recognized while having among three, but at the cost of their equality and
hence also about having their unity. The second terms come to with their unity, but at the cost for
the person. This could be high point for having the conflicts and make sure about various things
which are required for having the better future aspects.
He had wrote the great effectiveness against the various things such as Arianism and
many other questionable doctrines and also gaining reputation as defender of orthodoxy. He was
also sent to counter in which he held position at the council. This could be also important for
making reminder about their life and have the over century (Iacona, 2021). While this gradually
declined about the scholarship of the writing because due to having the less and less certain. This
could be also important for which the simply have can play their role and might be having the
great contributors to the mystical tradition in Christian and monasticism itself.
To some of the people in having that better forms of their working honest differences and
making their working opinion. While this could led them for making the publicity towards their
wrote books and became the great ideal for those who have the positive impact about their terms.
This could be resists something offered as truth without knowing about exactly, while it may be
faithfully or faith settled in human bones (Selleri, 2021). He had also visit to Jerusalem on the
occasion when he left him with the dislike for increasingly fashionable. Gregory was primarily
also known as chief contribution lay in his writing. As many of the people think about the
secondary collection in their books, but this might be fact for which he have make the primary
writing over many books.
In his story many of the people were interested while for taking the books in high price
and many of the business have also set up their business in selling out their books. Many of the
online business sales their books and make sure about the discount for which the more and more
books can sales (Kahn, 2021). He have written many thing which could help the people for
keeping their proper human behaviour and make sure about their good life. While this could be
also important for reading out the books and that could make the terms from one person to some
another persons. The sources have been written in the forms of the primary data and that could
11

be more benefits for which the sources. The secondary have been not collected and make
research. This could be also seems to be taking the steps over the action for working with
effective manner, free will must be also important in taking the benefits and make the sense for
which the growth and development for the human behaviours must be important.
The Saint in the religious play the effective role and make sure about their having the
better future aspects. This could be also important for making the request for having the better
effective goals and objective for which the work can done. While due to having the proper
process for which the work can done and easily have the action in changing behaviours
(Fecundability, 2021). Gregory known for the famous writer in which they have written many
books and that could also become the many famous for which the people are mind changes.
Along with this many people are working with the having effective capacity and make sure about
them for changing the behaviours.
Gregory seems to be having believing in the salvation of the human being. Gregory also
argues with Paul about that 'God will be all in all'. in some other words, this can be said that,
Paul do not having believe with their life and God for which they can change their behaviours
and easily make sure about changing the better life estimation (Cyr, 2021). the proper working
capacity and make the argument the Gregory make the books and changes the behaviours for
which they can make sure about the various process. while this might be also important for the
Gregory in making the believe towards the God and led them for changing the lifestyles and
make their changing behaviours.
Gregory have described that God work in many ways for having the better human lives
and make sure about the various terms that could easily make their life for having the better
solution. The Gregory also think about that God will help the well being when they will learn to
their God at time of any problem and that could be also important for them in changing the
behaviours for which the work and many other working roles have been changed (Garrido,
2021). In having the better estimation for the process through which the primary and secondary
research can be having the impact.
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CHAPTER 3
Freedom according to Soren Kierkegaard
The concept of the freedom is very important while through which Kierkegaard, come to
know about the various orientation. While this might be also important for which the expression
for self activation and essential feature or which the potential for self-disclosing seems to be
important. The self choose can make the human for right and make their right path for which the
human can work (Engelbert, 2021). Although, this might be also important for taking the
benefits and make sure about those thing which could be important for taking much advantages.
According to Kierkegaard, individual failure for relation with God and based on absolute faith,
which might be failure for devotion of God. Although, making the repentance and remorse for
sins are very important.
This can be said that, purity heart is very wisdom which could acquired for having the
kneels down and make the prayer for their god. While this could play the important role in
making the highest feeling and meaning of the life, he target for the life. While this sometime
could also led for having the god reveal to man and make the absolute criterion for deciding the
better estimation. For this purposes, the exploration of anxiety begins with having Kierkegaard
interest in the part played with the anxiety of the emotional life and working with the more
individuals (Liu, 2021). The far this could be looking more about the estimation for which the
work and many other individual can make sure about those thing which could be important for
having the high process for solving about the many problems. The concepts of freedom that
could be important while through which the anxiety for working can be come out and also have
the better opportunities for working with the high impact over the valuable things. This could
also being so important while for taking the benefits and complete the work while by changing
the many views and ideas.
Kierkegaard think about the positive for which the human being can work and make their
proper estimation for which the human act can easily make their nature mankind and choices for
having hand. This could be led for having the positive value for which the ideas and that could
make the proper choices for which the human being can easily make sure for keeping the anxiety
informs. This might be infers growth in the form of an opportunities for which the learning and
growing from having some of the better experiences (Singh, 2021). This have been also learned
about the anxiety for which the work can be done and make the estimation for which the human
13

being can easily change their nature. Along with this also important for knowing about the
valuable things that could being so important and make sure about those things which could keep
the people for being better opportunities. Anxiety seems to be the best freedom policy and not
such only anxiety is through having the faith and make the consumes all ends and discovered
with all their deceptiveness.
Introduction
Soren Kierkegaard was the Danish philosopher, poet, social critic and religious author
who known for consideration to be the first best philosopher. He wrote the many books such as
organized religious. Morality, ethics and more thing which could make him for working with
having the better estimation towards the religious writer (Câmpean, 2021). Basically, he was
against the literacy critics who defined more about the over abstract thinking and at his time he
thought more many thing. In this chapter, this have been said that Soren Kierkegaard make their
working styles different from the various writer and make sure about those things which could be
important in taking the working benefits.
Much of him deals with many issues of how lives and giving priority to concrete human
reality over with having the abstract and thinking more about the importance of having the better
personal choice. Soren Kierkegaard have their main focus over through the Christian ethics in
which the difference between purely objective and also make the qualitative distinction in
working with many other values (Lahaie, 2021). While he also work on the various points for
which the estimation in writing over their terms and make sure about those things which could be
important for them in making the high beneficially. While working towards those things Soren
Kierkegaard make sure about writing on those things which could be important for them in
making their things to be developed.
Soren Kierkegaard later come to know about the valuable thing and that could also lead
for having the better goals and objective. While this might be also important for taking the
benefits and make their estimation for which the working terms and making their effective
manner. This could also include the better human changing behaviours and make their free wills
for working with the high estimation in which the terms and making the goals and change their
theme for writing more something about the individuals (Ciomoş, 2021). He hold up and thinks
about the major influences things through which the human can easily get inspired and try to
work with having the effective terms and make their working skills more better. While this could
14

be also important in knowing about those things which could be important for Soren Kierkegaard
written terms.
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