Introduction to Research and Evidence-Based Practice

This article covers the importance of research in healthcare, qualitative and quantitative research, and compares two journal articles on burnout in healthcare providers and nursing care workers. It also discusses the validity and reliability of the articles. The subject is research and evidence-based practice, and the course code, name, and college/university are not mentioned.

INTRODUCTION TO
RESEARCH AND
EVIDENCE-BASED
PRACTICE

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Research and its importance in healthcare...................................................................................3
Qualitative and quantitative research and its characteristics.......................................................3
Introduction to articles.................................................................................................................4
Using the two journal articles compare and contrast the research methods/approach used by
the authors....................................................................................................................................5
Validity and reliability of articles................................................................................................7
Findings.......................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
Recommendations and improvements to practices....................................................................10
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Research refers to the systematic approach into the study about sources and other things
in order to develop the facts and to draw the new conclusion (Sonğur and et.al 2018). Evidence
based practice is all about to gather, processes and executing the research findings to enhance the
clinical practices. It also helps in incorporating with providing the better treatment to patient for
the good health outcomes. This study is aims to covers the description about two articles which
is about to understand the factors that burnout health care providers during covid-19 and
residential home care for elderly. It helps in developing the understanding about the factors
which generally makes nursing staff and other professionals to quit their jobs. NHS also affected
by the burnout of staffs as they stated that this cause has raised workloads which is complicated
to manage. For that WHO circulated the specific messages for the healthcare workers regarding
tension, enhanced pressure, fear and stigma. This study is able to develop in depth understanding
as current study lacks in some in depth concepts as well this study will also cover the suggestions
which the healthcare organization can adapt in order to overcome issue.
MAIN BODY
Research and its importance in healthcare
Research in healthcare plays an significant role as it gives the data, evidences and other
functions in order to make the health care more efficient, accessible, patient centred. It plays and
significant role in order to provide the better health care services to the patient, also it is
significant in order to create new ideas and discovering the new way of treatment for treating the
patient (Mahmoud and Abdelrasol, 2019). Thus it is long been cooperated and appreciated by
the clinicians for the betterment in healthcare services. As well as it is important in evidence
based practice as it confirms that patient's health outcomes can be improvised when the
healthcare professional practice is evidence based manner.
Qualitative and quantitative research and its characteristics
Qualitative research which involves the data that is free from any figures in short it does
not concern with the figures and numeric values, it does not indicate the ordinal values. In such
study involves the things which has natural settings and also make sense within the phenomena.

Its advantage is that it is adaptable and can easily adapt the concept that are based on the
reactions of the participants (Pereira, Pellaux and Verloo, 2018). It is useful in health and
social care for the better patient experiences and to examine common concerns that is linked with
quality of care. Its characteristics are as follows:
 It has major focus over the natural settings
 Depth interest in prospective, meanings
 Emphasis over the processes
 Cooperated by inductive and grounded theory approach.
 Holistic account, flexibility
Quantitative research refers to the process of gathering and analysing the data that
contains numeric and figures in data. It is also utilized to identify the suitable patterns to develop
predictions and to test the casual relationship. It is the frequent method that is applied within the
health care research, it uses the objective measurements along with the mathematics, and other
computing aspects for the better empirical investigation (Lavenberg and et.al 2019). It helps in
producing the factual and reliable data, after the certain impact of given drug can be tested on
sample population, thus statistic result about observed conclusion will help in assisting with
objective outcomes that is generalizable to the larger population. Its characteristics is that it
concentrates on numeric data and also on unchanged detailed data, it concerns with the
convergent reasoning instead of the divergent reasoning. It also uses the repeatable methods and
can easily make the prediction and concerns with measuring variables.
Introduction to articles
Article 1:First article is “Understanding the factors that influence the healthcare providers
burnout during the outbreak of corona virus in Jordanian hospitals”. Author of the article are
Abdullah algunmeeyn, Faris El-dahiyat, Mohammad mitib altakhineh, Mohammad Azab and
Zaheer ud din babar. This article is based on burnout of physicians and other health care service
providers during the covid pandemic as how they are in front line to get affected by the corona
virus. In this study it shows the conditions of nurses in Jordanian as how they burnout and felt to
leave their jobs because of extreme workload and also they were at verge of serious risk to get
infectious. This article indicates the qualitative study where the interview is also taken for
collecting the data in specific one hospital in Jordan (Rhudy and et.al 2019). Where the major

burnout factors are identified which are job stress, workers and resources adequacy and fear to
get covid infection.
Article 2: Title of article is “factors that are linked with and impact of burnout in nursing and
residential home care workers for elderly”. Author for the article are Harrad Rachel and Sulla
Francesco. In this article it involves the information as number of elderly is growing faster which
also raise the concern regarding self home care treatment for the elders. It has created stress
situation for the nurses as it increased the emotional exhaustion for them as well as it decreased
their personal accomplishment (Grove and Cipher, 2019). In this literature has been done where
it involves the range of academic databases along with the series of keywords, result has
concluded the factors for burnout for the nurses are occupational factors, setting way, worker
opinion, coping strategies. Growing concern regarding old people have created the extreme
demand in nursing and it is considered as the complex job which also links with staff turnover
and other absenteeism, stress factors.
Using the two journal articles compare and contrast the research methods/approach used by the
authors
Research is a systematic way of illustrating the particular problem from where a valid
solution can be identified accordingly. In the given articles which is based on two different
subjects where one is expressing the understanding of the factor which influences the healthcare
providers who burnouts during the recent Covid19 pandemic in Jordanian hospital. In this first
article, it simply defines the different factors which impacts the nursing workers in wider manner
at the time of pandemic and made them to suffer from stress and workload. The Covid19 is an
infectious disease which increases the risk of getting the contagious disease and start harming the
individual person to suffer from severe respiratory problems (Arnetz, Goetz, Sudan, Arble and
et.al., 2020). This recent pandemic has put the great impact on the hospital workers especially
nurses where they get burnout and get depressed while working in such circumstances and
situation. Nurses were stressed out due to higher quantity of the patients getting admitted to the
Jordanian hospital because of Covid19 virus infection which leads the nurses to get the huge
amount of stress and traumatic events.
However, the second article is based on factors associated with and impact of burnout in
nursing and residential home care workers for the elderly people. This article commonly defining
that nurses play an important role in a healthcare system where they also take care of the elderly

people at their residential home where they get stressed and burnout due to high level of work
pressure and leads them to suffer from depression as well and increases the staff turnover
(Saracoglu, Simsek, Kahraman, Bombaci and et.al., 2020). The high work pressure exhaust the
nurses and occurs the level of emotional resources and make them to feel depressed and overall
affects the working performance. The first article is based on qualitative research in the nature
and conducted a face-to-face interview process including nurses, physicians and pharmacists.
Sampling or selection of the participants for the interview process is based on purposeful
sampling where 30 people participated. The interview process is conducted to provide a deep
understanding of the issues under the research study and can get the appropriate data and
information. Similarly, the second article used the qualitative process as it helps the researcher to
collect the information and data in deep manner and can conduct the study in appropriate
manner. In this, the interview process is conducted as well with the staff which includes social
workers and nurses who are responsible for caring elderly people with dementia. Both the article
is similar for using the same research method and approach where they conducted the interview
with the staff people to collect the appropriate and relevant information (Manning, Gerolamo,
Marino and et.al., M., 2021). In these both article, the issue has been given where the nurses get
burnout and stressed due to high level of work pressure which leads the workplace to get the
high employee turnover.
In addition, contrasting these two articles has obtained the information as mainly the
subjects and issue of the article is quite different from each other where the researcher has to
collect and gather the data and information from different relevant sources. Thus, it has been
already mentioned that first article is dependent on the Covid19 situation where the second refers
to elderly people care at the residential home care where in both cases the nurses and social
worker get stressed and depressed at same level. In the first article, face to face interview was
conducted and investigates the information by following the essential ethical manner where who
so ever individual has to participate in the interview process they can mail the get the opportunity
to attend the interview. Also, the consent forms and information sheets were distributed and also
recorded the interview process for the future use of the information. However, the present
researcher of the first article has used the qualitative approach where the quantitative approach
can confirm and support the results and can provide the result in statistical manner (Gray,
Senabe, Naicker, Kgalamono and et.al., 2019). Moving ahead to second article, researcher has

used the qualitative approach and collected the data from primary and secondary methods both.
In the secondary method, they used the academic journals and publications from the year 2000
till present year and provided the brief analysis of the study. In the interview section, the
participants were nurses and social workers who have the duty to take care of the elderly people
in residential home care.
The workplace required to manage the strategies to reduce the impact of workloads upon
the nurses and social care workers where one way has been described which is providing the
proper education and training which help and support the worker to perform in definite manner.
The major concern of the second article is to solve the issue of burnout amongst the nursing care
workers where the workplace can deliver the appropriate satisfaction to them. A literature review
is also mentioned in the second article where the first did not mention any literature by the
authors. The second article is not quite perfect and appropriate to understand and its quite
complex for the people to understand it in better manner. However, the first article has provided
the brief knowledge and information by using the primary method which has provided the
updated data whereas on others side, the second article do not focus on the primary only and
includes the secondary research method as well (Rocha, Gomes and Figueiredo, 2022). The
research was not able to provide the information in detailed and understanding manner as it does
not follow and utilized the appropriate methods for the researching and collecting the data and
information which results accordingly. Therefore, the first article research study is relevant and
appropriate by the structure and information and leads the researcher to perform the study in
appropriate and definite manner. For the better outcome, the first article should also utilize the
quantitative research method as it will provide the statistical result in appropriate order.
Validity and reliability of articles
Reliability and validity factor is more important in research study as it aims to deliver the
desirable outcome. Reliability is concern with measuring the consistency in article and validity is
about measuring the accuracy that helps in making research study more readable and useful.
Regarding first article which is about burnout of health care providers during covid pandemic is
reliable and validated (Tomotaki, Fukahori and Sakai, 2020). As it is published article from the

recognized source which suggests that it is reliable also consists of the latest data of 2020 year
which marks its validity. Following involves the interview process where the data is collected
from healthcare providers this means data is valid as well as researcher have not altered the data,
they presented its natural form. Whole article is cited and length of the test is also fine where 30
participants were chosen for interview. There is an objectivity in the article which eliminates the
chances of biases and socio-political beliefs. Interview is conducted in limited time which has
decreases the chances that participants might cheat, thus information within the article is reliable
and accurate.
Article 2 is which is about burnout in nursing due to residential home care for the elderly.
It is reliable and validated article where the article contains accurate information, it is also
published by the relevant source which marks its credibility. Where the searching is done across
the academic databases which are Medline with full text and other psychology and behavioural
sciences thus all are reliable sources which guarantees the reliable and accurate information in
the articles. It contains the information from other sources that are peer reviewed journal articles
and that only follows the English language and also published in year 2000. Following article
does not concern with the duplicate items.
Out of these two article first one is more reliable as compared with article 2, as in first
article length of test is adequate where there is no probability for the factors which affects the
study, while in article 2 there is no such clear information about the interviews. Therefore, in
length of test factors article one is more reliable (Li, L and Wang, 2022). Moving further
objectivity Article one concern with objectivity however article 2 is also involves the objectivity
factor where there is no such biases and opinions of the researcher involves. First article has
trustful and correctness within the information where the data is collected from interview process
as well as consists of the latest information, while on the other hand article two lacks in the latest
information as it involves the information which is in articles that are published in year 2000.
Article one is more validates as compared to second one where the interview process is designed
to obtained accurate result also responses which is collected from respondents are validated as it
helps in drawing better conclusion of the study. While in Article 2, where the result is causing
ambiguity because of no such clear details in information.

Findings
From the above evaluation it has been found that during pandemic healthcare
professionals are seemed as more exhausted and at verge of high risk to get infected with corona
virus. It has led the situation where the staffs are burnout, and they are feeling like to quit their
job, staff has gone through life threatening situation where they need to ensure better treatment
for the patient it was the stressful situation for the staff (Larsen and et.al 2019). While it is also
found that growing population in elder has lead the concern for health care organization to
provide home care services to elders, because of this nursing staff has suffered from lot of
pressure as well as they suffer the mental trauma, dementia in older people have led them to react
in a way which is aggressive in nature therefore it is complicated situation for the nurses to deal
with such patients.
It is important for the healthcare organization to provide the trainings and other programs to their
staff in order to relief their stress and emotional stigma, otherwise there are more chances of the
staff turnover. It has been identified that both articles have qualitative study focus and it also
involves the accurate information that is drawn from the interview process.
CONCLUSION
From the above study it is concluded that research in health and social care is prominence
plays an significant role to identify the new and effectual treatment procedures for the patient. It
has discussed how research in evidence based practice is useful which helps the clinicians to
proceed with the better treatment of the patient and to make sure their better and quick recovery.
Following have illustrated the description about the qualitative and quantitative analysis along
with their characteristics. It further included the description about the articles where it covers the
information like author details and other information of the article. Study is based on two articles
where it discussed how health care professionals burnout from such factors like in Covid time
most of the service provider has faced serious problem, it also discusses how growing old age
population has created concern for the self home care treatment for patient, where the nurses
have suffered from mental traumas as they need to deal with the patient's aggressive behaviour.
Thus, further study is concluded with discussing the factors like comparison and contrasting

between the two articles along with their reliability and validity factor, it also highlighted the
findings and range of recommendations over the issue.
Recommendations and improvements to practices
Healthcare service provider plays a significant role for the quality treatment and better
health outcomes of the patient (Grove and Gray, 2018). Therefore, in such it is important for
such organizations to have proper arrangement where staff do not feel stress or other burnout
factors. It is important to make staff do not feel isolation, and make them understood to perform
their job analysis and discard the unnecessary work and to proceed with the proper time
management to manage all work. It is recommended to connect with their colleagues and also do
the fun activities to release their stress, it helps in increasing their focus on work as well. It is
important that health care organisation can concern with the practices as to educate the staff
about coping methods this knowledge will help them to release work stress. Such coping
methods which the firm can incorporate is breathing techniques, restorative exercise. Therefore,
this exercise will help the staff to prevent from burnout.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Arnetz, J.E., Goetz, C.M., Sudan, S., Arble and et.al., 2020. Personal protective equipment and
mental health symptoms among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of
occupational and environmental medicine. 62(11), pp.892-897.
Gray, P., Senabe, S., Naicker, N., Kgalamono and et.al., 2019. Workplace-based organizational
interventions promoting mental health and happiness among healthcare workers: A
realist review. International journal of environmental research and public health. 16(22),
p.4396.
Grove, S.K. and Cipher, D.J., 2019. Statistics for nursing research-e-book: a workbook for
evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Grove, S.K. and Gray, J.R., 2018. Understanding nursing research e-book: Building an
evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Larsen, C.M. and et.al 2019. Methods for teaching evidence-based practice: a scoping
review. BMC Medical Education. 19(1). pp.1-33.
Lavenberg, J.G. and et.al 2019. Impact of a hospital evidence‐based practice center (EPC) on
nursing policy and practice. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing. 16(1). pp.4-11.
Li, C., Li, L. and Wang, Z., 2022. Knowledge, attitude and behavior to evidence-based practice
among psychiatric nurses: A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing
Sciences.
Mahmoud, M.H. and Abdelrasol, Z.F.M., 2019. Obstacles in employing evidence-based practice
by nurses in their clinical settings: a descriptive study. Frontiers of Nursing. 6(2). pp.123-
133.
Manning, M.L., Gerolamo, A.M., Marino, M.A., and et.al., M., 2021. COVID-19 vaccination
readiness among nurse faculty and student nurses. Nursing Outlook. 69(4), pp.565-573.
Pereira, F., Pellaux, V. and Verloo, H., 2018. Beliefs and implementation of evidence‐based
practice among community health nurses: A cross‐sectional descriptive study. Journal of
clinical nursing. 27(9-10), pp.2052-2061.
Rhudy, L.M. and et.al 2019. Change‐of‐Shift Nursing Handoff Interruptions: Implications for
Evidence‐Based Practice. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing. 16(5). pp.362-370.
Rocha, D., Gomes, A.R. and Figueiredo, A.C.C., 2022. Stress, cognitive appraisal, and burnout
in social workers of residential child care. Revista de Psicología. 40(2), pp.1075-1097.
Saracoglu, K.T., Simsek, T., Kahraman, S., Bombaci and et.al., 2020. The psychological impact
of COVID-19 disease is more severe on intensive care unit healthcare providers: a
cross-sectional study. Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience. 18(4), p.607.
Sonğur, C. and et.al 2018. Patient safety culture, evidence-based practice and performance in
nursing. Systemic practice and action research. 31(4). pp.359-374.
Tomotaki, A., Fukahori, H. and Sakai, I., 2020. Exploring sociodemographic factors related to
practice, attitude, knowledge, and skills concerning evidence‐based practice in clinical
nursing. Japan Journal of Nursing Science. 17(1). p.e12260.
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Online
National Library of Medicine, 2018. [online]. Accessed through<
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6502144/>.
SpringerLink, 2022. [online]. Accessed through<
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40545-020-00262-y>.
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