Analysis of Posttest Only Research Design

The assignment provided is a detailed examination of posttest only research design, which involves collecting data at the end of programs without any comparison or pretest elements. The document discusses the main disadvantage of this design, which is that it cannot determine the effects of received treatment. It also highlights the importance of completing experiments within a decided period to avoid confusion and difficulty in understanding actual outcomes.

RESEARCH IN ACCOUNTING

Table of Contents
QUESTION 1...................................................................................................................................1
a)..................................................................................................................................................1
b).................................................................................................................................................1
c)..................................................................................................................................................1
d).................................................................................................................................................2
QUESTION 2...................................................................................................................................2
a) Exploratory Research Questions.............................................................................................2
b) Casual Research Question.....................................................................................................2
c) Descriptive Research Question...............................................................................................2
QUESTION 3...................................................................................................................................2
The deductive and inductive approaches to research..................................................................2
QUESTION 4...................................................................................................................................3
QUESTION 5...................................................................................................................................4
a)..................................................................................................................................................4
b).................................................................................................................................................4
c)..................................................................................................................................................4
QUESTION 6...................................................................................................................................4
A..................................................................................................................................................4
b...................................................................................................................................................5
c...................................................................................................................................................5
d...................................................................................................................................................5
e...................................................................................................................................................5
f...................................................................................................................................................5
g...................................................................................................................................................5
H..................................................................................................................................................5
I...................................................................................................................................................5
J...................................................................................................................................................5
k...................................................................................................................................................6
l....................................................................................................................................................6

m..................................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

QUESTION 1
a)
Plagiarism is the serious issue that is faced by researcher while conducting any research.
It can be defined as using ideas and data of other person without their acknowledgment which is
known as plagiarism. Individual can translate writing of one individual in own words but
copying material without informing the person is considered as plagiarism.
It is very important to avoid plagiarism because if any report finds plagiarism then
individuals may get failed. If any assignment finds this issue then person will incur penalties
depending upon the status and type of study(Lowe and De Loo, 2018).
b)
The main reason of using in-text references in an assignment is to make the entire study
authentic and show that complete data that have been used in the assignment is taken from
authentic sources. In-texting gives creditability to entire report and helps in drawing a valid
conclusion.
c)
(1)
Study in the university is an amazing experience for student like attending any restaurant.
In universities, individuals can get variety of sources that can help the person in developing their
understanding level and preparing a good report (Done, 2018). For example: if an individual
wants water services in restaurant then respective person has to go to particular department in
order to get this services, same as if learners is required to get material for the study then they
can go to library in order to get authentic materials. Student can get variety of sources related to
course that assist in completing assignment in an effective manner and developing understanding
of researcher about the subject matter. But individual has to put personal efforts in order to get
material.
(2)
Students can get variety of sources that help the learners in understanding topic and
completing the assignment in an effective manner (Done, 2018). With the help of these sources,
individuals can address various research questions and draw a valid conclusion.
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d)
Lyn Daff, Paul de Lange and Beverley Jackling, 2012. A Comparison of Generic Skills and
Emotional Intelligence in
Accounting Education. Accounting Education. 27, pp 627-646.
QUESTION 2
a) Exploratory Research Questions
1. What are the key potential factors characterize the customer warranty claims for the recorded
segment?
2. At what level of sales have been increased so the super clean products manufactures robotic
vacuum cleaners?
b) Casual Research Question
What are the problems that workers may encounter in using a new system?
c) Descriptive Research Question
Descriptive research is used to answer the descriptive research questions:
What is happening? How is something happening? Why is something happening?
How manager will keep time for the system which is recently introduced for worker spend
working on each of the two model?
QUESTION 3
The deductive and inductive approaches to research
Deductive approach to research generally started with the hypothesis whilst an inductive
approach will generally utilise research questions to narrow the scope of the study. But there is
main difference between inductive and deductive approaches research is that whilst a deductive
approach, it aims and testing theory an inductive approach is concerns with the generation of
new theory emerging from the data.
For deductive approach, the emphasis is generally on causality, whilst, for inductive
approach, main aim is to focus on exploring new phenomenon or looking at previously
researched phenomenon from various perspectives. On the other hand, inductive research
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approach is commonly associated with quantitative research(DeFond, Hu, and Hung, 2018).
While, on the other hand, deductive approaches are generally associated with quantitative
research. Hence, there are no set rules and various qualitative studies may have a deductive
orientation. One specific inductive approach that is frequently referred in research literature is
grounded theory. This approach require the investigator to start with an overall open mind
without any preconceived new way of what will be found. Main aim is to generate a new theory
based on the data. Once the data analysis explanation in order to place their new manner within
the discipline. Therefore, this approach aligns with positivism and constructivism.
The positivism is challenges to be clarify in a precise and succinct way. This is because
there are vast various between setting in which positivism is utilised by researcher. The unit
variation in explaining positivism may be equal to the different manner. In an inductive research
which can be utilized in effective way with help of positivism which depends on quantifiable
observation that lead to statistical analyses(Xu, Li, Liu and Qin, 2018). It had been noted that as
the positivism is an accordance with the empiricist view that knowledge stem from human
experiences. As the constructivism research is that recognition that reality is good of human
intelligence interacting with experience in the real world. As soon as you included human mental
action in the procedure of knowing reality, you have been accepted constructivism. Hence, the
constructivism accept reality as construct of human mind, therefore reality is perceives to be
subjective. However, this philosophies' reality is perceives to be subjective.
QUESTION 4
a. How often do you visit the library?
 At least several times a week
 A few times a month
 Not very often
 I have not visited the library
 Once or twice
b. What services do you use when you visit the library?
 The online catalogue
 The meeting rooms
 I usually borrow books
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 I return books
 Other
QUESTION 5
a)
Independent variables are the variables that are influenced by testing the effects of
depend variables. These are such elements that determine the value of depended variables. These
are inputs that are generally taken into consideration in order to measure the effects of depended
variables. It is an variable that can easily be manipulated as per convince of the experiments. It is
controlled by individuals who are experimenting the things(Clatworthy and Lee, 2018). It is the
element whose values can be altered by researcher for getting desired output. It is antecedent in
nature and can be manipulated by the scholar.
b)
Dependent variables are another kind of variables that represent the outcomes of test.
These elements are the valuable aspects that give results. Depended variable are directly affected
by independent variables. In an experiment, individual can take more than depended variables in
order to results but there is single independent variable for the study(Jefrey, 2018). Such
variables cannot be manipulated by researcher during experiments. Dependent variables are
consequent in nature and measured by the researchers.
c)
Control variable is considered as one of the major changeable that remain constant during
the experiments. Though, does not take part in experiments directly but, it is essential because
directly influences the entire results. If control variables are not being used in an accurate manner
then it can give faulty results.
QUESTION 6
A.
Independent variable:
Female student who have business ethics training tend to make more moral judgment on business
ethical dilemmas than male student who have business ethics training.
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b
Dependent Variable:
Relativism pertains to a single emphasis on moral rules and principle when making decision
about right and wrong.
C
Gender is the H1 which is written as the directional
d
The H1 is the Gender which is written as the alternative format
e
The word “interacting is not utilized for the Hypothesizes.
F
The control and treatment groups is used as baselines measure. The control groups is
similar to each and every items or subject that are examining with the exception that it does nor
receives the treatment or the experimental manipulation that the treatment groups receives.
g.
Posttest only research design is considered as simple and straightforward design. It is
applied in such type of studies where one group is involved in the experiments and there is no
comparison. It is the type of research design in which data is being collected at the end of
programs.
H
 One of the main disadvantages of posttest only research design as compared to other
experimental system is that without doing pretest research cannot determine the effects of
received treatment.
 Furthermore, this design is as there is no comparison group and pretest elements thus,
outcome remain due.
I
It is essential for the researcher that to complete the experiments within decided period of
time because if it has been conducted over several weeks then it may create difficulty for the
researcher. It may increase confusion because involvement of several experiments give different
results then it may create difficulty in understanding the actual outcome. Individuals will require
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more resources if study is being conducted over several weeks. It might create difficulty for the
researcher.
J
Advantage
The main benefit of using measures from prior studies is to give effective control on various
elements regarding accounting.
Disadvantages
The main disadvantage of utilising from prior studies is not able to get exact outcomes.
K
The impact of an ethical action on people welfare.
L
The ethical judgement it can be summaries that gender will interact with the business ethics
education in various manner that could be male and female training on these issues.
M
Metal analysis can be used to determine the common effect.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Jefrey, C. ed., 2018. Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting. Emerald
Publishing Limited.
Clatworthy, M. and Lee, E., 2018. Financial analysts’ role in valuation and stewardship.
Vendrzyk, V.P., 2018. Self-Reflective Insights: Announcement of a Forthcoming Special Issue
of Issues in Accounting Education. Issues in Accounting Education, 33(1), pp.1-1.
Tao, L.I. and Ang, L.I., 2018. Research on Accounting Information System Based on Large
Data. DEStech Transactions on Social Science, Education and Human Science, (icems).
Lowe, A. and De Loo, I.G.M., 2018. [T] here are known knowns…” Some reflections on the
nature and practice of interpretive accounting research. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability
Journal, 29.
DeFond, M., Hu, J., Hung, M. and Li, S., 2018. The Usefulness of Fair Value Accounting in
Executive Compensation.
Xu, F., Li, W., Liu and Qin, Q., 2018. Accounting for the role of hematocrit in between‐subject
variations of MRI‐derived baseline cerebral hemodynamic parameters and functional BOLD
responses. Human brain mapping, 39(1), pp.344-353.
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