Research in Nursing

This report analyzes a qualitative research study on the challenges faced by nurses caring for COPD patients in primary healthcare. It examines the research methodology, data collection methods, findings, and recommendations, highlighting the need to address these challenges to improve patient outcomes and enhance the effectiveness of nursing care for COPD patients.

Research in nursing

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Background of study...................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Methodology and design.............................................................................................................1
Data collection............................................................................................................................2
Literature review and sampling design.......................................................................................3
Findings and recommendations...................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
The topic of selected article is “The nurse's challenge of caring for patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease in primary health care”. It has an aim of describing experience of
nurses caring for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary healthcare.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be considered as problem faced at global
level which become major cause for morbidity & mortality (Holloway and Galvin, 2016). It
include that main cause for COPD is habit of smoking and other risk factors consist heredity,
occupational exposure & socio-economic status. However, the selected article consist discussion
about several challenges and issues faced by nursing staff while providing care to people with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are several early symptoms of COPD
including repeated episodes of coughing with or without mucus and wheezing in chest.
Background of study
The care guidelines has been established at different levels including regional, national and
international which should be followed by nursing staff while providing care to people. The
significance of given investigation to analyse challenges faced by nurses and take appropriate
actions to overcome with the same. It will facilitate to improve their performance which results
into better patients outcomes. However, the present report will show that it is necessary to
structure the care of patients with COPD in primary healthcare. In addition to this, it consist that
an approved nursing staff with asthma and COPD nurse practice (ACNP) have experience of
patient education may fluctuate between security and insecurity (Cope, 2014). The problems
faced by nursing staff become potential barrier to improve effectiveness of treating process for
patients with COPD which are required to be solved.
MAIN BODY
Methodology and design
Research methodology can be described as set of specific processes and techniques
inorder to select, determine, process and analysed the information gathered about particular
topic. However, there are qualitative and quantitative method of research in which suitable one is
required to be selected by in investigator according to nature of investigation. The selected
article has been followed qualitative descriptive research through conducting interviews of
ACN's experience of caring for sick people with COPD.
1

In addition to this, the research philosophy basically deals with nature, source and
development of desired information which can be divided into positivism and interpretivism. The
selected article has been focussed on interpretivism philosophy because it is helpful in to
determine the challenges faced by nurses which impacts negatively on their performance while
dealing with patients suffering from COPD. This philosophy consist criteria of naturalistic
approach of data collect by carrying out interviews and observations. Moreover, it prefer small
size of sample which provide support to conduct detailed study of information (Morley and et.
al., 2014).
Research design can be explained as desired frame work which can be used for carrying
out the overall investigation by combining desired factors to make correct results. The give
article has been followed descriptive design which is favourable to described characteristics of
nursing staff in order to analyse related challenges faced by them while providing care to patients
with COPD. This method has strength of ease and low cost of distribution along with minimal
number of staff required. In contrary to this, it has a weakness of having lower response rate and
need to design a survey instrument with simple format.
Data collection
Data collection can be done through using different sources of information which provide
support to gather desired data about specific topic for analysing in appropriate manner. Initially,
primary data collection can be described as to conduct personal interviews, surveys, speeches
and many more which are known as first hand data as never used before. Secondly, secondary
data collection method consists of various sources such as articles, books, journals, websites,
magazines, dissertations and thesis. However, the data collection instruments was qualitative
interviews which were selected for describing ACN's experience of caring for patients suffering
from COPD (Carter and et. al., 2014). In addition to this, data collection has been done from
December 2015 to June 2016 by conducting qualitative interviews with ACNs and primary
healthcare centres (PHCC). The given articles has been followed primary data collection method
in respect of conducting qualitative interviews of respondents to gather desired information their
experience of caring patient with COPD. Furthermore, the data was analysed through Systematic
Text Condensation including certain steps. Initial step was 'from chaos to theme', second one was
'from themes to codes' and next one to condensate units of meaning i.e. 'from code to meaning'.
Last step include 'synthesizing – from condensation to descriptions and concepts'.
2

Validity refers to accuracy of research activities which has been carried out at the time of
while investigation as it reflects the reality on particular field. The give study used a valid and
standardised instrument i.e. qualitative interviews by selecting participants randomly. However,
the taped semi- structured interviews lasted between 30-50 minutes with ACNs and PHCC.
Moreover, these respondents were asked to share information about their experience of caring for
ill people suffering from asthma and COPD. Further, the information in article is reliable as it is
dealt with important elements of health services. At the other hand, reliability can be described
as the degree of which measurement produce consistent outcomes respectively (Moule, Aveyard
& Goodman, 2016). However, it can be considered as consistency of measure which can be
divided into three sections such as over time (test- retest reliability), across items (internal
consistency) and across different researchers (inter-rater reliability).
Literature review and sampling design
The given literature is relevant to topic i.e. “The nurse′s challenge of caring for patients
with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary health care”. It includes the analysis of
medical services provided by nursing staff by conducting clinical practices effectively. However,
it has been determined that there are various challenges which were faced by nursing staff
providing care and treatment to patients with COPD. Initially, it consist challenge of connecting
with patients which effects on health of people because nurse plays an important role by giving
advice regarding physical activity, smoking, nutrition and medicine to overcome with COPD.
Meanwhile, failing to connect with patient due to sense hopelessness and frustration which create
difficult situation for nurses to improve condition of COPD. Moreover, many other challenges
like struggle for adequate time allowance, importance of support and lack of cooperation which
is unfavourable for nursing staff to provide proper treatment for patients suffering from COPD
(Gustafsson and Nordeman, 2018).
The target population of given consist total number of participants 10 who were
interested in participation between age group 40 to 65 years having an experience as ACN of 1 to
20 years. The sampling can be described as to make process to select number of respondents or
subset of particular population in respect of making statistical inferences from them. It will
facilitate to evaluate characteristics and features of overall populations properly. However, the
sampling can be divided into two section including random sampling and non- random sampling
3

which can further classified into sub parts. The given articles preferred utilisation of random
sampling to collect sample of 10 respondents in order to gain desired data for analysis.
The inclusion include nurses with age 40 and above as they have much experience to
provide desired informations. In contrary to this, exclusion consist that nurse have less than 1
year experience were avoided and nurse treating very serious patients also excluded from
research.
Ethical considerations were followed regarding this investigation it has been approved by
Regional Ethical Review Board in Githenburg and overall participants received written as well
as oral information before entering the study.
Findings and recommendations
From the above report, it has been determined that there are two categorise of challenges
faced faced by ACN 's experience of caring for patients with COPD i.e. patient-nurse
relationship and available resources. However, it is founded that challenges related to patient
nurse relation consist connecting with people, failing to connect and individualise care which are
required to be overcome in terms of improving treatment outcomes. In addition to this, several
issues relevant to available resources is also identified such as struggle for adequate tome
allowance, importance of support, lack of cooperation and overwhelming responsibility.
It has been recommend that present clinical practices and medical facilities should be
improved by considering factors effecting care settings. Moreover, the discussed challenges are
required to be overcome in order to improve performance of nursing staff which facilitate to
make patient healthy by treating COPD properly.
The study has limitation i.e. loss of respondents due to stressful working conditions and
their less confidence in their roles as asthma & COPD specialised nurse. However, they may
have had effects of investigation with the result that findings cannot be generalised. Moreover, it
is possible that outcomes can be transferred and provide increased understanding of similarly
complex circumstances experience by nursing staff.
CONCLUSION
The above report has been conclude that it is essential to improve clinical nursing
practices for improving them which helps to overcome with related challenges of patients care. It
consists the criteria for nursing staff to analyse different challenges related to patient-nurse
4

relationship and available resources and put efforts to overcome the same. It will facilitate to
improve effectiveness of treatment of patient with COPD and make well-being appropriately.
REFERENCES
Books and journals
Holloway, I., & Galvin, K. (2016). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. John Wiley
& Sons.
Cope, D. G., (2014, January). Methods and meanings: credibility and trustworthiness of
qualitative research. In Oncology nursing forum (Vol. 41, No. 1).
Morley, J. E., & et. al. (2014). International survey of nursing home research priorities. Journal
of the American Medical Directors Association. 15(5). 309-312.
Carter, N., & et. al. (2014, September). The use of triangulation in qualitative research. In
Oncology nursing forum (Vol. 41, No. 5).
Moule, P., Aveyard, H., & Goodman, M. (2016). Nursing research: An introduction. Sage.
Online
Gustafsson, T & Nordeman, L., (2018). The nurse′s challenge of caring for patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease in primary health care. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6056438/>
5