Research Methodologies (NURS 3044): SP4

Name 1
Research Methodologies (NURS 3044): SP4
Student’s Name
University
Course
Lecturer
Date

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Research Methodologies (NURS 3044): SP4
Assessment 1
Question 1
Question 1A researchable question
P—parents with immunizable children
I—perception of parents towards vaccines
CO- What do parents consider in vaccines
What perceptions do parents of children within immunizable age consider in accepting
vaccination of their children.
Question 1B: Sources of information
Source of information Type of information
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5165048/ Factors influencing
vaccination decision
making
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X17312756 Vaccination uptake
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/apm/2012/175694/ Vaccination decision
making
Question 1C: List five search terms for finding literature
Keyword Search term for Boolean ‘or”
1 immunization Immunization or side effects
2. immunization Immunization and parental resistance
3 effectiveness Effectiveness of immunizatiosn vs parental knowledge
of benefits
4. intended results Intended results of immunizations vs unintended
results
2. unintended consequences Immunization vs parental disagreement
Question 1D: the actions to be taken to improve search results.
If the search fails to yield the best results for the study, the nextr approach will be changing
key words that I used in the previous search. If in the initial search I used sentences, then I
will narrow down the search to a few words or even single words for easy search. When
searching the internet for study resources, the search engines organises the available
information from what the system feels as the best result and organises them in ascending

Name 3
order. This does not mean that the results indicate the best resource that meets the needs of
the research (Pagatpatan & Arevalo 2016, p. 48). Therefore, the search can be refined by
changing the key words to refine the results.
Another way to search the internet for materials is the use of Boolean operators as a way of
expanding or narrowing down the search. For example, this can Immunization vs side effects
which will give a list of search results that relate to the Boolean words. When the search
engine does not offer the right results, the user can change from the use of the word versus to
the use of words like “or/and”. The researcher can then use the minus operator to narrow
down the search to fewere sources.

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Question 2
Table 1. Meta-analysis (+/- systematic review)
Full reference:
Nursing
(Taylor, et al., 2014). Access via https://ac-els-cdn-com.access.library.unisa.edu.au/S0264410X14006367/1-s2.0-
S0264410X14006367-main.pdf?_tid=0faa94de-0985-11e8-a381-
00000aab0f01&acdnat=1517732953_c2e06dba46682bf164edc03782248b99
Search strategy the researchers developed a checklist of twenty seven items and used a combination of the following search terms: autism,
immunisation, Asperger, PDD and pervasive developmental disorder.
Inclusion/exclusion
criteria
The inclusion/ exclusion criteria was based on retrospective and prospective cohort studies using the words vaccination
and disorders that focussed on MMR vaccination or cumulative thimerosal dosage. Papers from the United States with
cohorts from Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting Sytems were not included due to their study limitations, underreporting,
biasess, and lack of control groups (Taylor et al. 2014, p. 3624).
Issue (what was being
studied)
The study sought to quantify the existing literature on autism and childhood vaccination to substantiate that there
isnodirect effect of vaccines on autistic children.
Context (study setting) The context of the study was to focuson any article that focused on MMR vaccination, cumulative thimerosal dosage and
cumulative mercury. There was no limit on date or language thus expanding the search strategy.
Outcome (main findings) The study found no link between vaccination and the risk of developing autistic spectrum disorder in children.
From the study twelve identified studies conclude that there was no evidence linking vaccination to autism.
Only one research item conclueded there is a relationship between the two based on the etiology of autism suggested that
environmental factors can contribute to the disorder through toxins (Ratajczak 2011, p. 78).
The patient needs to weigh the benefits and risks of any treatment in relation to the side effects that can be witnessed.