Research Methods for Engineers (pdf)
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Added on 2021-06-17
Research Methods for Engineers (pdf)
Added on 2021-06-17
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Research Methods for EngineersLEAP MOTION SENSORS AND THEEXOSKELETON FRAMELakhan Nar, Darshan Patel, Bhavin Vyas, Samir Finava Engineering Faculty Queensland University of technology 2, George Street, Brisbane, 4001, Qld, AustraliaAbstract— main aim in research reported here is to analyze theworking of a Leap motion sensor controlled exoskeleton. Thisresearch explores various ways of designing the advanced devicesin such a way that it serves to help gait posture and gesturedesigned to fit elderly people. Power and computer hardware andsoftware areincorporated in order to ensure that the device isdeveloped in a proper way. Recent studies predict that by 2060,developer companies dealing with leap motion controllers thatoffer complex technological solutions and sustain the society. Forseveral years the leap motion has been operating smoothly onbringing hand gestures to virtual reality. It is therefore importantwhen an individual use hand to move digital objects from oneposition to the other in a more natural way than using a certaincontroller.I.INTRODUCTION OF THE RESEARCH Project describes working in the leap motion sensors,working of the exoskeleton frame. the use of leap motionsensors to control the exoskeleton frame and the working of the exoskeleton frame to control the leap motionsensors. Different information from different sources havefacilitated the research work.(Figure 1) Software for leap motion sensor [1].II.LITERATURE REVIEWThis research aims to discuss in detail the leapmotion sensor, its working ability and also on how it can bedesigned to fit an exoskeleton mechanical frame. The projectdiscusses on the various methods used to obtain informationrequired for the project. Data used to describe the leap motionsensors, the working in leap motion and also the concept ofworking in the exoskeleton frame. It also includes theinformation about how the leap motion sensors are used andexoskeleton frame [2,3,4]. II Methodology1)Description of leap motion sensor from scholarlyresource2)Research on working of the leap motioncontrollers.3)Research on thedescription oftheexoskeletonframe.4)How leap motion sensors are used to control theexoskeletonframesa)Features used to operate exoskeletonframes.b)The general setting of the leap motion controlpanel.c)Checking on the allow background apps in theleap motionsensor
Research Methods for Engineersd)Tracking settings used in leap motion sensors incontrolling the exoskeletonframes.5)How exoskeleton frames are used to control theleap motionsensors.6)a)Use of algorithm in frames to control thesensorsb)Graphical representation of the steps used tocontrol thesensorsMethodsIt describes the report by giving out relatedinformation about the study of the work. Description on theinstruments used to illustrate the framework of the report.How information is managed, process of collecting the datafrom various concepts, illustrations of the figures anddiagrams describing the statistical data about the project.Discussions1.Leap Motion SensorThis is a computerized hardware device that isspecifically designed to maintain motions as input and analogsto acomputer peripherals and mouse. It a software that isdesigned for hand tracking in various virtual realitydimension.This sensor is a controller USB peripheral system that is builtand put on a physical computer in a position that ensures it isfacing upwards. Also, the controller can be inserted on to avirtual handset.By utilizing monochromatic IR cameras plus3infraredLight-emittingdiodeswhich are a two –leadsemiconductor light source that has junction diodes thatproduce light when activated in a particular system [6]. In thiscase, the system represents a hemispherical total area to aperimeter of about 1oo centimeters. The Light-emitting diodesoften produce a lower quantity of IR light rays and the twocameras installed in the system generateat least 2000 lightframes per given time secondofareflecteddataset.Theseraysare thenpassedinacrucialUSBcableuptothe main desktopfrom where the device is evaluated from the different units of thesoftware’s and thus dealing with the algorithm. Here the informationfrom the manufacturer cannot be revealed to the public. Thisdimension usually incorporates 3D position dataset by puttinga clear comparison with the 2D frameworks that are provided[8].In lesser observations the increased devicemagnification distinguishes it from Kinect which involvesmotion sensors and other input devices thus facilitating easyaccess [9]. Kinect is more convenient to use in the whole bodytracking in an open area orfree space, in a certaindemonstration the leap motion device indicated to performoperations like proper navigation of a website using gestureson maps, high accuracy art drawing and manipulation ofcritical 3D visual aspects. At first, the leap motion deliveredthousands of units to sole developers who aimed to createsignificant software for the running of thedevice.For several years the leap motion has been operatingsmoothly on bringing hand gestures to virtual reality. It isimportant when a person use hands to move digital objectsfrom one position to the other in a more natural way thanusing a certain controller. However, in order toaccomplish thisactivity,theuserrequiresstrappingone of the developer’smotion sensor peripherals before an existing VR headsetwhich is a little bit solid or heavy [6]. Also, the sensor wasstillworking on the same software designed for desktopPersonal Computers; which is a continuation of the periodwhen leap motionswereoriginallyfocusedonthesaidpersonal computer system. Currently, the developer companyhas the ability to take the next leap to another advanced levelwhere it is dealing with Orion, a new hardware component,and software that is specifically designed just forVR.2.Working off a leap motion controllerFrom the earliest developed hardware prototypes tothe current tracking software, the leap motion controllersoftware has advanced in a long way. Individuals haveprovided lots of questions on how this technology operatesidentifying how raw sensor data is changed into a more usefulinformation that engineers and developers can use in theirsystem applications.In this case, a leap motion sensor is usually verysimple. The main frame of the device is consequently made upof two cameras and 3 LEDs that has a given distance thatlocates the whole part of the spectrum in the light [5]. Becauseof large lenses in the lead motion, the system can be able toconterinteract some of the images with the high resolution.Over many years the device viewing range was limited to 60cm that is equivalent to 2ft above the leap motion controller.With the introduction of Orionbetasoftware.Theviewingrangehas tremendously increased to roughly 80 centimetersthat is equivalent to 2.6 feet constituting the upper distance ofthat device. This given dimension is often deterred by Lightemitting diodes light ray’s propagation through an areabecause it becomes much difficult to deduce the user'shandpositionina3Dangleinfront of a particular distance. Thelight emitting diode has a limitation on the use of themaximum amount of current produced by the USB.During this time, the reading from the USB initiatesinformation within the memory and then makes significantchanges that will lead to huge resolutions [10]. Datasetcontinuously reflects on through the USB then moves all theway to the software’s contained by the leap motion software’s.
Research Methods for EngineersInputraw facts within the system changes whole part of theimage in the camera and try to make it a bit unique by runningit from the left to the right part of the camera in the leapmotion. Normally, it most of the systems where differentsymbols that individuals can view are those that areilluminated directly in the leap motion components.SoftwareIn this case, after the image is streamed directly to theuser's host computer, it calls for some solid mathematicsapproaches. Despite various myths and misunderstanding. Thesystem does not provide an overview.However, in many cases the system uses complex dataset.Software is present in a certain desktop PC that ensuresprocessing various images. After accounting for backgroundobjects for example heads, results are evaluated thusrebuilding dimension describing on what the whole part ofthe system was view [10]. After this point, the data is matchedby the inputs which track thus producing missing results.Different techniques concerning the filtering concepts tend tobe assessed thus enabling temporally consistency within theresults provided. Now system provides entire outcomerevealed in format with frame series and snapshots that arecomposed of all monitoring software’s that will give afeedback by adhering to a certain protocol. Leap motionexchanges messagewiththepanelandotherwebusersthrough a socket interface connected onthe computer, forexample, web socket and TCP. The native clients direct thedata into simple API structures thatdirect mechanical frameand issues helper functions. Then, the application logic isrounded up into the leap motion inputensuring freeinteraction with the motion controller device.3.Exoskeleton FrameAn exoskeleton frame involves a complete wearablemachine capable of moving and is powered by a system ofelectric motors, hydraulic systems a pneumatics. It is alsopowered by a combination of various advanced technologiesthat allow limb mobility with a high strength and increasedendurance level. Some were developed with gait approachesas helpers for the elderly’s as a result of its unique featuresthat were large and heavy in order to cover other availablefeatures [12,13,14]. Wearing a visible device causeunwarranted discomfort and awkwardness. Due to thissituation, developers have built an active exoskeleton framethat is aimed to help the gait of old individuals. The system iscomposed of a low-profile design that ensures a less framewhich allows it to be wornonloseclothesthusenhancingittobe morecomfortabletowearinacertainsocial orpublicsetting.Three-dimensionalhuman models were put into solidworks and carried out specific element analysis andsimulations in order thus determining c o m p l e x aspect withthe varying dimensions [15]. Specifications for building themechanical frame for the exoskeleton is provided. It copeswith various shapes of by trying to use different spacesaround. It maintains 7 degrees of freedom for all and differentlimbs on the lower part of the wholebody.Theframewasbuiltusingsolidworks2015 fromAssaultandtheanalysismodulemade for making staticrelativeloads.(Fig 2) working of the exoskeleton frame [18].MaterialInordertodesignanexoskeletonframe,the materialchosen was aluminum metal with a capability of 275MPa. Themetal alloys are quite simple in a computer numerical controlenabling quick prototyping when getting a less weight thanmetals such as iron. This particular allowed was taken due toitsrelativelyhighyieldstrengthasitalso incurred lower costs[11]. It isevidentthatthatfortheframetobesmall enough,the material needs to be of higher yield strength. Hosing thematerial to be used made the amount incurred and accessibilityto be widely considered to get prototype that is functioningproperly. This required all components present to beincorporated using computernumerical control. Even thoughthe cost for CNC s relatively high, the selected material haslower costs that can be machined gradually as compared toother metals.The frame was specifically designed to follow the followingobjectives;To have the ability to individually supportitselfOccupy low volume anddensityPrevent bone and musclecontactsAvoid tight protrusions and indentations in orderto be designed and produced through quickprototypingModular approach consisting of variouscomponents that connect through several pointswhich ensures the exoskeleton frame isadaptable to changing bodyshapes.The exoskeleton was designed through a continuous cyclicaldevelopment cycle to reach maximum formA human 3-dimension body was produced through amake Human and incorporated as other parts were analyzedand recorded. With this technique, components were enabledto be fitted nearer to the model.(Fig 3) The cycle of exoskeleton frame [18,19]
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