Research Methods for Professional Practice

This study material provides an in-depth understanding of research methods for professional practice. It covers topics such as CPD, achievement and learning log, research proposal, risk management, and ethical issues. Suitable for students studying research methods in various courses.

Research Methods for
Professional Practice
1

Table of Contents
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
CPD..............................................................................................................................................3
PART 2............................................................................................................................................7
Achievement and learning log.....................................................................................................7
PART 3..........................................................................................................................................12
Research proposal......................................................................................................................12
Risk management log................................................................................................................19
Ethical, legal and security issues in project...............................................................................20
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................21
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................22
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PART 1
CPD
Past experience
I would say that my past achievements while I was pursuing my computer engineering
was the development of first UNIX website which helped to understand the various aspects of
computer. I made this website when I was working on the project where I was assigned with the
responsibility to develop a site that would be highly impressive and would raise my grades. I
integrated my knowledge as well as my work to design this website where in this website I
incorporated the key components like OS shell, various applications as well as bootloader. My
project was awarded with the best project among all other colleges and I received the medal as
well as certificate for best work. Besides this, in the year 2016 another achievement which
helped to further succeed in my life was developing the security tools. In the inter-college
competition, I developed a small mobile app that could be used in organization for connecting
with the clients. After testing its efficiency, I presented in the competition for which I got the
first prize and was awarded with the CEO of the well-known organization. The college
administration found this mobile app so reliable that my achievement was published in the
magazine and this helped me to start my career with better effectiveness (Cargill, 2019).
Along with this, I participated in wide range of workshops where I gained knowledge on
various aspects. In the year 2014, I attended the workshop on CISCO networking where I learned
how to professionally design the computer networking system. In 2015, I attended another
workshop on Next generation network which was being conducted at national level and in that
workshop I was selected from my college to showcase my talent. I presented a working model of
traditional computer and modern computer and presented the emergence and development of
modern technology in this era. I received a certificate of participation in that workshop along
with the small gift (Vondracek, Lerner and Schulenberg, 2019).
Apart from these, I also attended a seminar that was organized at national level by the
leading organization Apple and mesmerized the audience with the topic Migration to 4G where I
presented a presentation on the shifting focus of people to more advanced network.
Current experience
I have the well-through knowledge of computer and electronic system along with the
knowledge in various aspects like communication skills, teamwork etc. From past few months, I
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have extended my knowledge base to some programming language and now I have the great
experience of various scripting along with the programming language like C, C++, JavaScript
etc. Besides this, I have the experience of working in a team. When I was assigned with the
project of developing and implementing the data structures, I worked in the team and effectively
completed the project.
I am able to coordinate the group of around 8 members and have the well-through skills
of engineering and design. As I have attended various workshops as well as seminars, thus I have
got acquainted with various knowledge and skills of handling the different software as well as
experience. I have a great motivation and self-confidence due to which I am able to speak up in
front of the wide audience with greater efficiency (Miller, 2017). This great level of motivation
have enabled me to perform my work with greater enthusiasm as well a commitment.
Along with this, I have a great experience in managing the database as well as in research
and planning. I am ale to recognize the problems and evaluate the various alternatives which will
be helpful in solving problems. Besides this, I have worked on different cloud-based
technologies like spark, Docker etc. and has a great knowledge of these softwars which are used
in multinational organizations. The most important skill which I have and will help me to
succeed in my future is the flexibility. I am able to change according to the scenario and
condition and is flexible enough to perform my work in every situation. I have the knowledge of
basic operating system as well as various applications and software and have a great command
on the inside network of operating system. Not only does the practical knowledge, but I am very
much aware of theoretical concepts which are being used to handle various projects.
Future plan
Area of
development
Resources Planned
completion date
review date Success criteria
Communication
skills
Communication
improvement
apps,
communication
classes, training,
advice from
mentors
15/12/19 20/12/19 I was able to
communicate
with my group
members as well
as my mentors
effectively
(Walker‐
4

Donnelly, Scott
and Cawthon,
2019). I was able
to understand the
main cues which
are being used for
having the proper
communication
between two
persons. Besides
this, It helped me
to complete my
projects and other
wok on time.
Problem solving Brainstorming,
solved various
puzzles as well as
quizzes, yoga,
problem solving
magazines and
books (Huang,
2016).
2/01/2020 15/01/2020 Due to
brainstorming, I
was able to solve
the complex
problems that
relates to the field
of computer
engineering. I
was able to
evaluate various
alternative and
think out of the
box. It helped me
to understand the
numerous method
which can be
used in solving
5

small and big
problems.
Leadership Observing the
mentors and other
group leaders,
leadership styles,
internet,
leadership books,
real talk
25/01/2020 02/02/2020 I was able to
influence my
group members
while working on
the project and it
also helped me to
complete the
projects before
time. I was able
to lead and
coordinate
various
workshops that
were held in
college along
with handling the
problems of
different students.
Active listening Communication
classes and
training,
YouTube, self-
assessment, time
planner,
communication
books and
magazines
03/03/2020 10/03/2020 This helped to
concentrate in
what others are
saying and what
are their point of
view regarding
the specific topic.
I helped me a lot
to complete the
engineering
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projects that were
being allotted in
team. Besides
this, it also helped
to increase my
perseverance
which at the end
assisted me to
present the
different topics in
seminars in front
of people.
PART 2
Achievement and learning log
It is necessary to maintain a log book so that it enables in identifying important events for
an individual. Moreover, it enables in analysing what skills can be gained and how its
competence level. so, the log book is as follows :-
Research skills bad Need
improvement
Neutral Good Excellent Overall
score
Action taken
Communication
skills
I need improvement in
way of communicating
with others. Also, I
can improve it by
practicing and using
different forms of
communication.
Creative
writing skills
I am very good in
writing creative. I can
write good English
content. I can improve
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it by using internet and
app available.
Problem
solving
I am very weak in
problem solving. So, I
can enhance this by
making analysing case
studies. Moreover, by
playing business
simulation games I
will be able to learn
how to solve problem
and what solutions are
to be taken. (Becher,
2018)
Time
management
I learned how to
manage time and
complete task in
deadline. In that I
learned that how to
apply time
management theories
and models. So, now I
am highly efficient in
managing my work. I
have also undertaken
projects and completed
it before time.
Negotiation
skills
I am perfect in doing
negotiation between
people. I know the
method of negation
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and its types. It
enabled me to act as
mediator and do
negotiation. So, many
times I have
successfully done
negotiation. Now, my
skills are sharpened.
Leadership
skills
I have successfully
learned leadership
skills. In that I have
learned leadership
styles and how it is
applied. I led a team
and had a positive
experience. Now I
want to become a great
leader in future.
(Guetterman, 2015)
Decision
making
I developed this skill
by getting involved in
activities. I also read
many real life case
studies and books of
entrepreneurs. So,
from that I learned that
how effective decision
are made, what
strategies are
developed, etc. it was
easy for me
9

Problem
solving
I want to sharpen my
problem solving skills.
This is because it will
help me in my career
growth and solving
critical problems. In
past I have tried to
solve problem but not
properly. I only gave
suggestions that was
not so proper. So, in
future I want to
improve this skill.
Interpersonal
skills
I possess a strong and
high level of
interpersonal skills. I
have learned that by
doing several projects.
So, I am aware of what
type of interpersonal
skill is applied and
when. Also, my
patience level is high
and I am flexible
enough to work with
everyone in effective
way. (Van Diggele,
Burgess and Mellis,
2019)
Team working This skill is most
necessary to possess. I
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had learned how to
work in a team and
about theories and
models. So, I analysed
them and worked upon
it. in this I learned a
new team development
theory. in that I gained
knowledge about 9
team roles that is
assigned to members.
Motivation My motivational level
is weak. I work in
stressful manner and
due to it my
performance is
affected. Thus, in my
past experience I
learned about intrinsic
and extrinsic
motivation. Now, I
remain motivated
more than before. I
feel enthusiastic to
work.
Listening skills I want to enhance my
listening skills so that I
can listen and then
work properly. due to
it in past I did not
listened properly. now
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I know the importance
of listening skill.
I analysed that the above mentioned, skills are required in career development. As I
maintained past record of my skills, I got to know that what skills and knowledge I have learned
and in which areas I need improvement. Beside this, it gave me insight about many other things
such as my experience, behaviour, etc. on particular situation. So, when a person is able to
identify his or her weakness it becomes easy to improve. The, accordingly plan is developed that
what activities are to be done in future. Moreover, future goals and objectives are set by
reviewing plan. It also gives insight to about how to attain those goals and in what time.
It is necessary for an individual to possess basic skills so that it can be useful in career
development. In addition, learning log enables in providing proof of what things are to be done.
the basic skills are communication, interpersonal, leadership, team working, etc. These all are to
be improve so ensure that each individual is able to work in effective manner. These skills create
a positive impact on behaviour, attitude, etc.
Apart from skills, the learning log also reflect on other thing that is confidence,
motivational level, self management, self organisation, etc. thus, along with skills confidence,
motivation etc. can be improved. So, these all allow a person to evolve and develop in overall
way. The skills can be sharpened and made it strong. Along with it, improvements can be made
in those skills. So, it is easier way of doing it as it requires less time to analyse that in which area
or skill improvement is to be done.
PART 3
Research proposal
Topic – to investigate the risk associated with management of engineering projects
Introduction
Now a days there are various types of risks that occurs in project management. The risk
highly impact in negative way of project goals and objectives. Here, project manager is
responsible for analysing risk and mitigating its impact. However, in projects of engineering the
occurrence of risks is increasing at rapid rate. Moreover, area where risk is occurring is
management (Gray and Malins, 2016). Also, it has become difficult for manager to identify
those risks and overcome its impact. Usually, engineering projects are complex to manage and
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handle. It requires high quality management skills to deal with it. Alongside, sometimes risk
assessment conducted gets failed. So, if risk is properly identified then appropriate measures and
actions are taken to overcome it. other than this, it enables in maintaining quality of project and
completing it on specified time. beside it, manager develop effective strategies that how to
manage risk.
Rationale
The main objective for researcher is to investigate what types of risk can occur in
managing engineering project. furthermore, it will enable scholar to gain info about areas where
risk occurs and its degree. Besides this, data and information can be obtained that how by
effectively managing risk, project goals can be attained. The topic will synchronise that in what
type of engineering projects different types of risks can occur.
Scope
By analysing the outcomes of study, the project manager will get insight on different
types of risks and how it can be overcome. Also, data can be used by other researchers to analyse
particular risk in depth and what measures are useful in mitigating its impact. This study can be
used by other companies as well to manage their projects. So, in future if risks are effectively
identified then it becomes easy to overcome it.
Research philosophy – It contains a framework on which overall research is based. It describes
the way in about overall purpose of research. The scholar can use different philosophies like
realism, pragmatism, interpretivism, etc. (Hawkes and Yerrabati, 2018). In pragmatism study is
based on relevant concepts. Realism is based on scientific approach through which knowledge is
developed. Whereas interpretivism is applied to analyze quantitative data to access reality about
topic. In context to present study, scholar will use positivism research philosophy.
Research approach – It is a plan or procedure which states how data will be collected and
analyzed. This is useful in conducting study in systematic manner and interpreting data as well.
Generally, deductive, inductive and abductive are common approaches used. In deductive
hypothesis is developed on basis of research questions. In inductive theories are concluded which
is based on observations. Abductive is not used commonly in study as it is based on empirical
phenomena. Here, deductive will be used.
Research type- It is related to collection of data. The information gathered by scholar is useful
in producing relevant results. Research type gives description about which type of data will be
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collected. Basically, qualitative and quantitative are two research types. Qualitative is entirely
based on theoretical concept as no numerical. Whereas in quantitative statistical data is
produced. The study will be qualitative one.
Data collection- It is a way or process of collecting data. It is most important element in
methodology because overall results are based on this. The data needs to be gathered from
authentic and reliable sources and then analyzed. Primary and secondary are two data collection
techniques. In primary new data is gathered from survey, interview, etc. while in secondary
information is gathered from previous study, articles, etc. Here, researcher collect data through
both primary methods. The primary will be gathered through questionnaire. (Liu and Tsasis,
2017)
Sampling – In order to collect data, scholar needs to select participants by dividing population
into categories. This process is known is sampling. For this there are different data sampling
techniques available which helps in doing so. Usually, probability and non probability are
common techniques. They are further divided into many like random, stratified, cluster, etc. In
current research, the researcher will use random sampling method. It is because the method helps
in easy selection and requires less time.
Data analysis- It refers to interpreting data into relevant information so that aims and objectives
are attained. The data must be analysed in proper manner so that results generated are accurate
and precise. Also, researcher should know about various tools and which will be appropriate in
interpretation. For present research, data analysis will be done by using thematic analysis
method.
Ethics– The researcher must follow certain ethics while conducting study. They should not be
neglected. In this, first of all dignity of participants will be maintained. Also, confidentiality and
privacy of data will be ensured, it will not be shared with third party or person. Moreover,
consent of respondents will be taken prior so that open and transparent communication takes
place. At last they will be asked to leave any question if they wish not to answer that.
Literature review
Importance of identifying risk in engineering projects
There are various risks which are being associated with the engineering projects that can
eventually hinder the overall performance of the project as well as can impact it badly. Thus, it
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becomes highly essential to identify these risks as failure to do so will eventually lead to various
technical and other problems.
Strategic planning
The risk which are being associated with the engineering projects like its cost,
technicality, performance measurement etc. directly impacts the strategic and the future planning
and hence can lead to the disruption of overall productivity of project (Carvalho and Rabechini
Junior, 2015). Thus, for the strategic planning and to identify the external as well as internal risks
which might affect the company in long run, it becomes highly important to evaluate the risks.
Besides this, for recognizing that what impact these risks will have on the overall performance of
the project and to analyze that whether the cost which has been spent will be worth or not, it is
highly important to identify the various risks.
Communication with stakeholders
Not just strategic planning is important but the main asset for the project manager are
their stakeholders that mainly includes the clients whose money has been spent on the project.
Thus, in order to properly communicate with the stakeholders, it becomes highly important to
identify the numerous risks which occurs in the engineering project. The stakeholders need each
and every information of the project that what level of risk is associated with the project, is the
risk worth or not, where it will give appropriate return etc. Therefore, in order to make project
successful as well as ensure its efficiency, the project manager needs to respond to the various
challenges as well as remain transparent to stakeholders.
Maximizing the results
When the project managers identify the risks, which are being associated with the
engineering project then they generally gather the information as which risk will be helpful for
them if and which risk will lead to the bad performance. Upon identifying this, they take the best
one hand hence this led to the desirable outcome. Besides this, it also helps to meet the budget
constraints which has been set for project and help to work accordingly without deviating from
the goals and objectives. This often result in the favorable output and hence maximizes the
productivity (Kliem and Ludin, 2019).
Monitoring as well as controlling
By identifying the risks, project manger are able to develop the carious strategies that will
eventually help to eliminate or mitigate the chances of risks. For example- for developing the
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website, the cost of project is generally higher than estimated thus to avoid this risk, project
manager will utilize various tools for management of tee risks. Hence, the proper identification
of the risk assist manager to systematically track the project performance and develop tools and
tactics which are feasible enough to control the risk. Besides this, the recognition of numerous
risks also helps project manager to quantify them and thus create the possible probability
distribution.
Types of risk that occurs in engineering projects
As elucidated by Jefrey, 2018, engineering projects are highly complex to manage and
handle. The risks depend on nature and type of project. basically, most engineering projects are
related to construction or IT. so, in that different risk such as rise in cost, delay in task, etc. in
construction the main risk is related to time. So, sometimes forecast is wrongly done and it
related to delay in delivering final product. However, degradation of quality of raw materials is
also a risk in this project. thus, project manager is required to understand overall project.
In software related project main risk is technical failure. This risk can affect the end result
and overall performance. Beside this, technical errors and failure are also risk associated with
these projects. One more type of risk is crash of entire software or application.
Impact of risk on project
As said by Pons, 2016, there is a high impact of risk on project. this is identified from
way that when any risks occur manager has to take effective measures to minimise its impact.
Moreover, financial risk leads to rise in entire budget of project. So, it leads to using low quality
materials. This highly impact on quality of project which is degraded. Furthermore, life span of
project is decreased.
Every project has surrounded by various types of risk, these risks have get impact on
project, there are numerous types of risk that impact on project. These are cost risk, schedule
risk, quality risk, new stakeholder, timing etc. Cost that includes budget of the project, this is one
of the major risk that exists in every project of management and get strong impact on the project,
due to poor cost estimations, accuracy some project that could cost more than originally
budgeted, it unbalanced the cash flow of project budget. New stakeholder this factor of risk
impact the project original outline, and idea, due to a reason new stakeholder come into a project
that was near to its completion, that stakeholder has different ideas regarding project or the
stakeholder haven't agree and support other stakeholders ideas and strategy, so it could be the
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reason for unsatisfied result of project. Schedule it is list of project of activities, deliverables,
usually with includes start and finish dates. Due to wrong or poor scheduling could impact the
project as project activities will take longer than expected, increase in cost, lose the benefit of
project and competitive advantage of project.
Scope, objective and risk
Aim – to investigate the different types of risk associated with management of engineering
projects
Objectives
Specific – To identify at least 5 types of risk that occurs in project
Measurable- to measure types of risk with engineering project
Achievable – To find out all types of risk in project
Realistic – To obtain outcomes of risk areas
Time bound – to attain goals and objectives within 3 months
Ghantt chart
Task Name Duration Start Finish
Selecting area of study 2 days Sat 12/21/19 Mon
12/23/19
framing aims and
objectives 3 days Tue 12/24/19 Thu 12/26/19
developing research
proposal 7 days Fri 12/27/19 Mon 1/6/20
selecting research
methods 5 days Tue 1/7/20 Mon 1/13/20
framing questionnaire 3 days Tue 1/14/20 Thu 1/16/20
collection of data 8 days Fri 1/17/20 Tue 1/28/20
analyinsg data 10 days Wed 1/29/20 Tue 2/11/20
writing conclusion and
recommendation 6 days Wed 2/12/20 Wed 2/19/20
taking feedback 3 days Thu 2/20/20 Mon 2/24/20
doing modifications 4 days Tue 2/25/20 Fri 2/28/20
submission 2 days Mon 3/2/20 Tue 3/3/20
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Project management plan
Deliverable- they are the elements which is used in carrying out project activities. Thus, for this
project ghantt chart and project scope are deliverables that is used. It will give insight about what
activity is to be performed and when. Besides, it will enable in proceeding it in systematic way.
Also, project scope will determine what outcomes will be obtained.
Resources – Resources are the main element in project. It is because activities are performed
when resources are available. So, in this project various resources are required such as HR,
finance, computer system and server, etc. hence, these all will be utilised in efficient way to
accomplish goals and objectives. (Osanloo and Grant, 2016)
Skills – It is required in project to carry out tasks. Therefore, team members and manager must
possess relevant skills. Hence, time management skill is required to manage time and complete
tasks. Also, problem solving skill is needed as well to solve issues in effective way. Alongside,
communication skill will be useful in interacting with one another.
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Time – this is also a significant component in plan. Here, it is clearly described that how much
time is needed to complete overall project. Also, it is necessary to accomplish task in time
otherwise it leads to rise in cost. So, for this ghannt chart is developed. It states that time taken is
around 53 days.
Methods used – There are several methods that are followed by project manager. they are used
to conduct study in proper way. similarly, in this project various methods are used that is
SMART method, PERT analysis, etc. these all are applied within project and performing tasks.
Cost – In addition with time, cost is considered as crucial component. In this scholar estimate the
overall budget that is required for project. On basis of cost, resources are allocated. Thus, for
current project £1500 is required. (Luscombe, 2017)
Risk management log
Risk Proba
bility
(1-5)
Impa
ct
(1-5)
Likeliho
od
(P*I)
Triggers Mitigation strategy
Shortage of
HR
4 4 16 Due to
absents
In this manager can conduct those
tasks that are of high priority. So, it
will result in managing work easily.
Also, a back up plan can be
developed to ensure there is no
shortage of HR.
Rise in finance 3 4 12 Ineffective
utilization of
resources
The manager should develop budget
with help of an expert. Here,
overhead cost can also be included in
it. Moreover, proper monitoring of
resources must be done.
Operational
risk
2 2 4 Low
procurement
and
distribution
It is essential for manager to involve
stakeholders in decision making.
Also, roles must be assigned on basis
of member skills and abilities.
19

Legal risk 3 3 9 Breach of
contract
In this case, manager must review all
policies and documents related to
laws and regulations. So, in critical
times proper measure is taken to
comply with laws. It will help in
preventing any risk. With it research
is conducted effectively.
Ethical, legal and security issues in project
When a project is undertaken there are certain issues that can occur in it. There is need to
analyse those issues so that it is resolved. Due to this risk it can impact on data and info of
research (Byrne, 2015). The occurrence of risk can also result in ineffective completion of
project. However, legal actions may be taken in case of if risk is arise. Moreover, some ethical
issues may arise as well. So, there are certain risk that can occur. They are as follows :
Legal issue
It is a type risk that can occur during research. Here, scholar might not follow certain
laws and regulations which are essential in conducting study. The scholar might obtain data and
information in illegal way from different sources. so, it can result in irrelevant information and
data that is stolen. Moreover, one more legal issue that can occur is data fraud. So, this can lead
to data manipulation. The audience can be provided with data that is not authenticated. However,
scholar have to ensure that data is gathered is authentic and real. For this it is necessary to
maintain credibility of data. With it, project aims are attained.
Social issue
This is an issue that can occur during time of research. basically, this issue occurs at time
of gathering primary data. In this consent of respondents might not be taken or they may be
forced to fill questionnaire or survey. Moreover, scholar might use some wrong words to team
members or he may discriminate them at time of assigning roles and responsibilities. Another
social issue that can occur is racism. The project team lead can follow practice of racism. So, this
issue is a serious matter of concern for project manager. However, social issue may also occur in
religious way (Reeves and et.al., 2017 ). This means that people may not respect other religion.
Hence, it is required for manager to maintain discipline and respect each other religion.
20

Security issues
It is another issue that can arise in study. The issue is related to data and security breach.
In this the confidential data and information of entire project may be breached in unethical way.
it may be leaked or stolen by third party or hacked. Apart from it, with virus or spam ware the
data and info can be stolen. Another issue is due to cyber threat data may be accessed in
unauthorised way. So, scholar is responsible for ensuring that data and info is protected and
secured properly. For this it is required to use servers and database for storing data in systematic
manner.
Ethical issues
At last there are some ethical issues as well that can occur in project. The issues can be
lack of transparency, honesty, etc. among team members towards one another. So, due to it
integrity and confidentiality of entire research is affected. Therefore, researcher is required to
behave in ethical way.
CONCLUSION
It can be summarised that CPD is plan that reflect on current experience and skills gained
and future plans. The plan is used to improve skills and knowledge in career development.
Moreover, the research proposal is developed to identify various risks that occurs in
engineering projects. In that SMART objectives are formed along with project management plan.
However, a risk management log is used to determine types of risks that can occurs. In project
there are some ethical, legal, and social issues that can occur.
21

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