Factors Influencing Tourism of Youngsters

This research aims to analyze the factors that influence tourism of youngsters. It includes interviews, participant observation, visual methodologies, and a coded interview transcript. The research proposal focuses on understanding the impact of factors such as prices, demographics, income level, and technical progress on youth travel.

Research for Tourism, hospitality and events

Table of Contents
Research for Tourism, hospitality and events..................................................................................1
Aim for the present research is "To analyse the factors that influence tourism of youngsters"......4
PART 1............................................................................................................................................4
Interview checklist...........................................................................................................................4
Participant Observation....................................................................................................................5
A visual methodologies Practical.....................................................................................................5
A coded interview Transcript...........................................................................................................6
Research Proposal............................................................................................................................8
PART 2..........................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................40

Aim for the present research is "To analyse the factors that influence tourism
of youngsters".
PART 1
Item 1. Interview checklist
Research Project : “Youngsters and budgeted trips”
Questions Issues and topics
Introduce self and research project I as a youngster think that it is very hard to find
out a good package for holidays. All hotels and
restaurants that provide good services in
different tourism countries have high rates.
Economic or social background As I always try to have fun and grab pleasant
stay at an affordable price. This is the biggest
challenge which I and my friends have faced
while planning any trip.
Accommodation Hotel stay must be pleasant and it should
provide all services and good food at an
affordable price.
Trip locations It is my wish to reach every possible dream
country of mine. This is my belief that one day
I will visit all these places as I am fond of
travelling and meeting new people.
Past experiences of budgeted trips It has come to my mind that whenever I have
planned for a budgeted trip, I did not have a
great experience. This has come to my mind
that it should be great for me to manage my
expenses when I am on a trip. That is why it is
very essential for me to develop new ways to

reach a tourism organisation that is offering
affordable budgeted trips for youngsters.
Item 2. Participant Observation
The concept of participant observation is part of sociological and anthropological studies.
The qualitative study includes data collection by the method of observation, interviewing,
document analysis, etc. (Dogru, 2018). As per the views of Marshall and Rossman, the
participant observation is a primary method used by sociologists for doing the fieldwork. This is
a process which enables investigators to learn about different activities of individuals by
participating in different activities. The participant observation is used within ethnographic
research and according to this, the sociologist becomes part of the research group and they start
to collect data for the research problem. The main objective of participant observation is to
enhance deep understanding of particular group, beliefs and values.
1) Research Diary
DATE TASK DESCRIPTION DURATIO
N
9 march, 2021 On this day, the main focus is on selecting the title of an investigation. Its
main focus is all about the visit the different destination places such as
museum. This helps in enhance the knowledge and understanding about the
tourism and experience to visit in museum.
6 hours
10 march, 2021 Developed the research aim and objectives on the basis of research area.
Research aim is related to expresses an intention of conducting research
study. Developing aim is helpful in provide the reason behind conducting an
investigation. This helps in examine the issues faced by the visitors in
visiting the different destination places. The research aim of this area is
related to analyse the factors that influence tourism of youngsters. On the
other hand, research objectives explained what need to be expect to attain
through project. The research objectives are developed on the basis of this
area.
1 day
11 march, 2021 Literature review has been conducted on the basis of analyse the factors that
influence tourism of youngsters. The main purpose of literature review is to
attaining the research objectives by using the relevant sources. There have
been secondary sources considered for an instance articles, journals,
scholars and internet sources. It is effective in present the knowledge in
written report. Conducting literature review is helpful in develop knowledge
in area. It enables an investigator to search what an investigation has already
been conducted and determine about the unknown area regarding the
3 days

particular area.
Other than this, there has been some issues faced by an investigator
regarding finding the relevant sources to collect information regarding
particular subject area.
14 march, 2021 On this day, research methodology has been conducted as it is effective in
collect the information from relevant sources and analyse them effectively.
Basically, researcher use the authentic methods so that they can able to get
the positive research outcomes in significant manner. Research methodology
consists research philosophy, research approach, research choice, research
strategies, data collection methods and sampling.
15 hours
15 march, 2021 There has been data analysis conduct to collect information and data by
using the primary method of data collection. It is effective in examine the
authenticity of collected data and getting the positive research outcomes.
2 days
17 march, 2021 This day is for submission of the final project. 5 hours
2) On the basis of activities mentioned in the research diary, there has been submit the short
commentary.
a) Did you participate, observe or somewhere in between? Does this have any implications for
your data?
Yes, I participated and visit the different attraction places. This have the implications for
data as to collect the necessary and detailed information about the different destination places for
conducting an investigation.
b) Was the setting for your research project open or closed? Were some parts inaccessible to
you?
Setting for research project was closed as there has been information collected by using
questionnaire. It is related to determine the opinions and viewpoints of different people regarding
their visitors experience about visiting the different destination places. Through this, visitor can
able to explain about the experience as well as issues which they are facing during the visit.
Other than this, it has been examined that some of the parts are not accessible for me because I
cannot access the personal information of the respondents. Some of the respondents are not
agreed to take participation in the research. This is a part of qualitative analysis in which
investigator is involved in observing participants and actively engages within activities of
research participants. There is need of managing the level to reach environment provided by
participants. In context of the present research, the participants in this technique are young
travellers who plan their trips to new places.

c) Did you have to negotiate access to the field? Does accessibility have any implications for
your research?
There is no need to access to field as related to this. The accessibility does not have any kind
of implications for an investigation. Conducting the investigation is helpful in determining
experience of visitors about museum and the issues they are faced while visiting.
d) How did you feel during the participant observation? To what extent did these feelings affect
your project?
During participant observation, I feel that they will be participative or not and how I can
collect the information from them. These feelings develop the impact on project.
Item 3. A visual methodologies Practical
Visual methodologies are used for understanding and interpreting images. This consists of
film, video, collage, printing, artwork, sculpture, etc. these are known as new and novel approach
for qualitative research. It is concluded that there are new ways of qualitative research that are
derived from traditional ethnography methods. It consists of managing the work and analysing
data from already existing sources. The data enhancement was attained due to the expression of
emotion and knowledge. It is analysed that by using visual methods for facilitating and enriching
communication, there is possibility of having the opportunity or multiple disciplines. The
advertising campaign is series of the advertising messages that share single theme and idea that
make up integrated marketing communication. There are two different images given below that
are related to online advertisement.

1) What is the message of this visual composition? What image does it present of Moxy
hotels?
Aim of the visual composition is to aiming to invite the large number of young people
who like to travelling and gain the better experience about the new destination places. There
have been images given as in first image woman is listening and enjoying the music while
second image is all about dancing of couple. Both images have been used for advertisement
purpose and signifies adventure and partying. Image that has been presented is on contemporary
as well as redefine manner in which the hospitality services are to be perceived in marketplace.
2) What strategies does it use to communicate its message? How is the message conveyed to
the viewer?
To communicate the message to audience, there has been English language considered as
it can easily have understood through travellers in all over world. Urban tone of the hashtags has
been effectively employed in order to keep this relatable for young audience. Message is
communicated by use of the visual imaged by considering illustration of the couple partying and
young women enjoy music. It makes people appealing who have bored of routing lifestyles and
want to travel different places for change.
3) Who is it intended for? What is the prime audience for this advert?
The advertisement is mainly intended for the young travelling which are looking for
gaining new experienced from traditional hotel. Prime audience for better hospitality service
provider is young traveller.
4) What effect do you think this image is intended to have on the viewer?
Image raises the excitement level in mind of viewers if they are from targeted population
segment. Reason is that using composition of the pictures of young people and also use of the
urban languages that right people are targeted. They are mainly persuaded in order to leaving
routing life and also heading for better travel adventure.
5) Can elements of this image be viewed as signs? What might they represent? What types
of signs are evident in these images?
This is possible that image using in poster can be effectively used as signs which shows
entertainment, adventure and fun to young audiences. They mainly present number of the
activities for an instance dancing, music and others. These all the activities are helpful in
attracting the large number of customers that turn better support for company in enhance sales.

6) What types of human activity can be identified in this composition? What is their
significance?
Human activity that has been denoted from advertisement is adventure, partying and
excitement. Use of the image composition of the young people is that they wish to do something
than the ordinary tasks. Use of the words as well as statement denote that is not going to be
expensive.
Item 4. A coded interview Transcript
An interview transcript is defined as written record of a complete oral interview. In the context
of interview transcription process, there are documents in which conversation between two or
more people is noted down (Park, 2019). There are different advantages of using interview
transcript. One of this is that it is a written record of completed oral interview. The interview
transcript is useful for managing business organisations and analysing the writing skills of
transcript. There are few details which are missed when interviews are conducted that is why it is
essential to recall all specific questions and answers while managing the interview process. There
are more than one decision makers when it comes to hire people. There are several meetings
involved before the hiring process. This is duty of the interviewer to manage the transcript and
develop new ways for keeping the employees.
Investigator – Hey, may I know your name?
Participant – Maxx
Investigator - Can I have a minute of yours?
Investigator- Hey may I know your name?
Participant- Adam.
Investigator- Can I have a minute of yours?
Participant- Sure.
Investigator- Hi my name is Max.
Participant- That's wonderful.
Investigator-Do you like travelling?
Participant- Yes,I do.
Investigator-How often do you travel in a year?
Participant- I travel to long destinations twice a year.
Investigator- That sounds good.

Participant- Yeah.
Investigator- You travel with friends or family?
Participant- I like to travel with my friends.
Investigator- What amount yearly do you spend on travelling?
Participant- Around 2000 pound sterling.
Investigator- What type of accommodation do you prefer for your stay?
Participant- I generally prefer hotels.
Investigator- You prefer to stay at normal hotels?
Participant- I like to stay in five star hotels.
Investigator- May I know the number of friends you travel with?
Participant- I often go with 5-6 people in my group.
Investigator- May I know do you exceed with your budget sometimes?
Participant- Yes, I often exceed with budget while travelling.
Investigator- What facilities do you like at hotels?
Participant- I give preference to good food and swimming pool at hotels.
Investigator- Do you travel abroad?
Participant- Yes I do.
Investigator- What budget do you have for travelling to a single country?
Participant- Well it depends but I generally have at least 1500-pound sterling in my pocket.
Item 5. Research Proposal
Introduction and
Rationale
The main aim for the present research is "To analyse the factors that
influence tourism of youngsters". Tourism is related for the pleasure
and attracting visitors. This encompasses all the activity
encompasses that takes place in visitor economy. Cost of food,
accommodation and also entertainment impact on demand on
tourism. Youngsters visit to like the different attraction places in
order to get some knowledge. In regards to this, youth tourism is
mainly impacted through different factors that favour development
of the youth travel and divided in the general factors such as prices,
demographic, income level, technical progress, language barriers,

lack of the information and others. Among them, demographic is
mainly affected the youth travel for an instance changes in structure
in context of environment, age etc.
Rationale of Research
The present investigation is mainly conducted on the basis of factors
which influence the tourism of the youngers. Conducting this
investigation is helpful in give the in- depth understanding of an
investigator regarding tourism in detailed manner. The present
investigation is mainly conducted in the personal as well as
professional context. In the personal context, in- depth
understanding of an investigator enhanced. On the other hand, in
professional context, this research is conducted by the investigator
for enhancing their skills and knowledge and getting a deep
knowledge of this topic. By this research investigator will be able to
get job in future and this will enhance their personal and professional
interest. This topic is important for the company and investigator
because this will help them in getting knowledge about tourism
industry.
Research aim and
Objectives
There are several benefits of budgeted trip that a youngster could
plan. Youngsters always prefer budgeted trip because it provide
better deal to them while booking a travelling ticket. By planning a
trip in early days’ youngsters will get best price on their tickets. This
will lead to build trust worthy network. It is essential to create trust
worthy channel before arriving to the destination place (Pencarelli,
2020). It can be done through social media by communicating with
local. Budgeted trip will provide inexpensive and better place to
stay. If the travel trip is budgeted youngster can get travel loans
easily. in this research, it is interpreted that youngsters focus more
upon the having a budgeted trip. This help them to analyse and
evaluate different factors which can have potential impact upon their
travelling decisions. It is concluded that budgeted trips will provide

maximum interest within youngsters. Travel creates time for
reflecting on priorities and deciding how career choice can
accommodate these people (Sharpley, 2020). There are different
skills developed within individuals when they travel. These are used
for managing the future trips. Tourism is one of the fastest growing
industries of the world. There is major foreign exchange and
employment generation factor associated with tourism. There are
various factors that affect the way in which selecting the best
tourism destination. Other factors are related to culture, income,
management, policies, etc. of the country. In the following report,
there is discussion regarding the different elements used by
individuals while choosing a budgeted stay at tourist destination
(Sigala, 2018). It is necessary to manage all the conditions
effectively to have a proper budgeted travelling trip.
Research Methodology Research methodology is defined as the process used for managing
the completion of different project activities. The research topic
focuses on the different factors used by youngsters while preparing
their project activities. Different methods included in research
methodology mention below:
Research approach: In this project, researcher is using deductive
approach because in this he is making use of literature review.
Research strategy: There are lot of ways used to conduct the
research effectively such as experimental research, surveys,
questionnaire surveys, interviews and literature review, case study
etc. The present project is focused upon managing the data collection
by using journals and books.
Research methods: There are two other methods qualitative and
quantitative methods (Smith, 2017). In quantitative method, there is
a use of numerical data and frequency. The qualitative data provides
theoretical information.
Advantages and disadvantages of qualitative method mention

below:
Advantages Disadvantages
It is beneficial in
understand the attitudes of
respondents.
This method is not
statistically representative
form of collection of
information and data.
Qualitative research method
incorporates human
experience.
This is mainly rely on
experience of an
investigator.
Advantages and disadvantages of quantitative method mention
below:
Advantages Disadvantages
This methods consisting
subjects as well as enabling
generalisations of the
results.
Quantitative method can
lead to an investigator
overlooking wider
relationships and themes.
It provides the reliable facts
and figures about specific
subject area.
This method can be
misleading.
Data collection: It is concerned with collection of information by
using the authentic sources. Primary and secondary are two different
types of data collection considering. In the primary method,
questionnaire will be developing as per the research area. Other than
this, secondary method will be considering as it is helpful in collect
information from the existing sources.
Advantages and disadvantages of Primary mention below:
Advantages Disadvantages

information from data and taking better decisions on the basis of
data analysis. Analyse the data is helpful in examine authenticity as
well as reliability of information. There will data analysis
information collecting by using the primary and secondary method
of data collection. In the primary method, questionnaire will be
developing. For analyse the primary method, there will be thematic
analysis, SPSS and Chi Square considering. In the thematic analysis,
there will be themes developing as per the questions mentioned in
the questionnaire, SPSS tool will be considering as analysis tool. It
analyses the survey data and text data so that they can get better
research outcomes. This analysis method is effective in processing
as well as analysing survey data. Chi square will be considering as it
compares the two variables in contingency table to check if they are
connected. This tests to check whether the distribution of the
categorical variable varied from the each other. On the other hand,
for analyse secondary method, there will be content analysis method
considering as it helps in provide the theoretical information.
References Batra, A., 2020. Beyond travel dreaming, planning, check-in,
boarding… stress?. Anatolia, pp.1-13.
XALXO, M.M., A STUDY ON TOURIST BEHAVIOR
TOWARDS ADVENTURE TOURISM. PBME, p.37.
Ying, S.S., 2017. The young and restless: Re-examining media
portrayals of youth.
Barman, S.M., Csernoch, L. and Sengupta, J., 2021. Physiological
Societies Across the Globe Unite in an Effort to Handle the COVID-
19 Pandemic. Physiology, 36(2), pp.62-70.
Agwieta, J.L., Yuwono, E.C. and Yusuf, V., 2019. PERANCANGAN FOOD
TRAVEL JOURNAL TENTANG WISATA KULINER JEMBER BAGI ANAK
MUDA SURABAYA. Jurnal DKV Adiwarna, 1(14), p.11.

PART 2
Introduction
It is clearer than the different types of quantitative research designs in terms of the possibilities
that one can think have how the scientist intends to control the factors in the study. On the off
chance that the specialist does not see a quantitative plan as a continuum, a cessation of access
deals with a plan where factors are not controlled at all and simply taken into account. Only the
associations between the variables are shown. At the other end of the spectrum, at least, there are
plans that involve tight control of factors, and the connections between these factors are clearly
organized. In between, in an attempt to move from one type to another, there is an access that
joins these two boundaries together. There are four basic types of quantitative analysis:
descriptive, correlation, causal-comparative / semi-experimental and experimental.

Item 1. Questionnaire design

Question Frequency
1. Is this your first visit?
Yes 35
No 15
2. How often have you visited before?
Weekly 15
Monthly 10
Once or twice per year 5
Rarely 20
3. What is your main motivation to visit?
Education 20
Culture 10
Sightseeing 5
Family activity 5
Special event 5
Other 5
4. Who are you visiting with today?
Children 10
Family 5
Friends 15
Partner 5
On my own 10
Groups 5
5.What is the experience did you have?
Satisfactory 25
Excellent 10
Average 15
6. Compared with what you expected from today’s visit has your
experience with Sunderland Museum and Winter Gardens been:
Less than expected 25
As expected 10
Better than expected 15
7. Will you recommend a visit to the Sunderland Museum &

Item 2 : Descriptive statistics:
Statistics
1. Is this your first visit?
N Valid 50
Missing 0
Mean 1.30
Median 1.00
Mode 1
Std. Deviation .463
Range 1
Sum 65
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 35 70.0 70.0 70.0
No 15 30.0 30.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: In accordance of above done descriptive statistics this can be interpreted that
value of mean is of 1.30 and standard deviation is of 0.463. It indicates that data are not
relatively distributed near the mean value.
Statistics
2. How often have you
visited before?
N Valid 50
Missing 0

Mean 2.60
Median 2.50
Mode 4
Std. Deviation 1.294
Range 3
Sum 130
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Weekly 15 30.0 30.0 30.0
Monthly 10 20.0 20.0 50.0
Once or twice per
year 5 10.0 10.0 60.0
Rarely 20 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: In accordance of above done descriptive statistics this can be interpreted that
value of mean is of 2.60 and standard deviation is of 1.294.
Statistics
3. What is your main
motivation to visit?
N Valid 50
Missing 0
Mean 2.60
Median 2.00
Mode 1
Std. Deviation 1.761
Range 5
Sum 130
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Education 20 40.0 40.0 40.0
Culture 10 20.0 20.0 60.0
Sightseeing 5 10.0 10.0 70.0
Family
activity 5 10.0 10.0 80.0
Special event 5 10.0 10.0 90.0
Other 5 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: In accordance of above done descriptive statistics this can be interpreted that
value of mean is of 2.60 and standard deviation is of 1.294.
Statistics
4. Who are you visiting
with today?
N Valid 50
Missing 0
Mean 3.30
Median 3.00
Mode 3

Std. Deviation 1.632
Range 5
Sum 165
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Children 10 20.0 20.0 20.0
Family 5 10.0 10.0 30.0
Friends 15 30.0 30.0 60.0
Partner 5 10.0 10.0 70.0
On my
own 10 20.0 20.0 90.0
Groups 5 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

5.What is the experience did you have?
Satisfactory 25
Excellent 10
Average 15

Statistics
6. Compared with what
you expected from today’s
visit has your experience
with Sunderland Museum
and Winter Gardens been:
N Valid 50
Missing 0
Mean 1.80
Median 1.50
Mode 1
Std. Deviation .881
Range 2
Sum 90
6.

Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Less than expected 25 50.0 50.0 50.0
As expected 10 20.0 20.0 70.0
Better than
expected 15 30.0 30.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0
Statistics

7. Will you recommend a
visit to the Sunderland
Museum & Winter
Garden?
N Valid 50
Missing 0
Mean 1.40
Median 1.00
Mode 1
Std. Deviation .495
Range 1
Sum 70
7.
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 30 60.0 60.0 60.0
No 20 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Statistics
8. Please indicate your
overall satisfaction of your
visit today?
N Valid 50
Missing 0
Mean 3.30
Median 3.00
Mode 3a
Std. Deviation 1.359

Range 4
Sum 165
a. Multiple modes exist.
The smallest value is
shown
8.
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Not satisfied at
all 5 10.0 10.0 10.0
A little satisfied 10 20.0 20.0 30.0
Neutral 15 30.0 30.0 60.0
Satisfied 5 10.0 10.0 70.0
Very satisfied 15 30.0 30.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: In accordance of above done descriptive statistics this can be interpreted that
value of mean is of 2.60 and standard deviation is of 1.294.
Statistics
9. Has the experience of
being at this venue
influenced your mood
today
N Valid 50
Missing 0

Mean 3.30
Median 3.50
Mode 5
Std. Deviation 1.502
Range 4
Sum 165
9.
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
No 10 20.0 20.0 20.0
Favorable 5 10.0 10.0 30.0
Very Favorable 10 20.0 20.0 50.0
Unfavorable 10 20.0 20.0 70.0
Very
unfavorable 15 30.0 30.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: In accordance of above done descriptive statistics this can be interpreted that
value of mean is of 3.5 and standard deviation is of 1.5.
Statistics
10. Where are you from?
N Valid 50
Missing 0
Mean 3.00
Median 3.00
Mode 4

Std. Deviation 1.010
Range 3
Sum 150
10.
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Local 5 10.0 10.0 10.0
Regional 10 20.0 20.0 30.0
National 15 30.0 30.0 60.0
Internationa
l 20 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: In accordance of above done descriptive statistics this can be interpreted that
value of mean is of 3.0 and standard deviation is of 1.03.
Statistics
11. Gender
N Valid 50
Missing 0

Mean 1.30
Median 1.00
Mode 1
Std. Deviation .463
Range 1
Sum 65
11.
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Male 35 70.0 70.0 70.0
Female 15 30.0 30.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: In accordance of above done descriptive statistics this can be interpreted that
value of mean is of 2.60 and standard deviation is of 1.294.
Statistics
12. Please indicate your
age group in the following:
N Valid 50
Missing 0
Mean 2.70
Median 2.50

Mode 1
Std. Deviation 1.753
Range 5
Sum 135
12.
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
18-25 years 20 40.0 40.0 40.0
26-35 years 5 10.0 10.0 50.0
36-45 years 10 20.0 20.0 70.0
46-55 years 5 10.0 10.0 80.0
56-65 years 5 10.0 10.0 90.0
Over 65
years 5 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Statistics
13. Please indicate highest
level of education?
N Valid 50
Missing 0
Mean 2.50
Median 2.50
Mode 2a
Std. Deviation 1.035

Range 3
Sum 125
a. Multiple modes exist.
The smallest value is
shown
13.
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Primary Education 10 20.0 20.0 20.0
Secondary
Education 15 30.0 30.0 50.0
Further Education 15 30.0 30.0 80.0
Higher Education 10 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: In accordance of above done descriptive statistics this can be interpreted that
value of mean is of 2.5 and standard deviation is of 1.03

Item 2 : Chi-square test-
H0: There is significance difference between age and educational level of respondents.
H1: There is no significance difference between age and educational level of respondents.
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
12. Please indicate your
age group in the
following: * 13. Please
indicate highest level of
education?
50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 108.333a 15 .000
Likelihood Ratio 108.890 15 .000
Linear-by-Linear
Association 42.209 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 50
a. 22 cells (91.7%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 1.00.
Symmetric Measures

Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi 1.472 .000
Cramer's
V .850 .000
N of Valid Cases 50
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the
null hypothesis.
Conclusion
In accordance of above done chi-square test, this can be stated that value of Chi square test is of
108.33 which is considered as p value and if p value is more than 0.05 than this is considered
that null hypothesis is wrong. As in the aspect of above case, it can be inferred that p value is
more than 0.05 hence, there is no significance difference between age and educational level of
respondents.

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