Research Methods Report: Pedagogy and Practice in Education, 2024

This report presents a research proposal on pedagogy and practice in education, focusing on the United Kingdom context. It begins with an introduction to pedagogy, defining it as the method and practice of teaching, and highlights the importance of classroom interactions and the relationship between educators and learners. The report outlines a deductive research approach, explaining its suitability for testing the validity of pedagogical practices. It then delves into research philosophy and includes a comprehensive literature review, analyzing various scholarly articles on topics such as student involvement, teaching styles, and the historical background of critical pedagogy. The literature review covers key themes like democratic education, authoritarian practices, and the impact of digital learning. The report also discusses the types and sources of research data, the significance of data collection, and expected conclusions. It explores the relationship between research and evidence-based practice, emphasizing their contribution to decision-making in education. Finally, the report concludes by summarizing the key findings and implications of the research proposal.

Research methods in education
STUDENT DETAILS
STUDENT DETAILS

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Task 1.........................................................................................................................................3
Research approach.................................................................................................................3
Research philosophy..............................................................................................................3
Literature review....................................................................................................................3
Contribution of research to education setting........................................................................8
Elements of research proposal...............................................................................................9
Ethical aspects of research.....................................................................................................9
Task 2.......................................................................................................................................10
Types and sources of research data......................................................................................10
Research approaches............................................................................................................11
Significance of data collection.............................................................................................12
Expected conclusions from data collected...........................................................................13
Task-3.......................................................................................................................................13
Relationship between research and evidence-based practice...............................................13
Contribution of research and evidence-based practice to decision-making.........................15
Conclusion................................................................................................................................16
References................................................................................................................................17

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Introduction
In this report, research proposal will be made regarding the topic pedagogy and practice in
education. Pedagogy is the method and practice in teaching, it is also known as approach to
teaching. It can also be said that pedagogy is another word for education, it is the art of
teaching. In order to construct the art of pedagogy it is requires classroom interactions and
there should be respectable bound between educators and learners. The primary aim of
pedagogy is to build effective and systematically learning process so that students can
effectively acknowledge the subject. Apart from this, every teacher has their own subject
specific pedagogy(Lewthwaite and Nind, 2016). Under this teacher used to teach their
students about the specific subject with their own methods so that students can effectively
learn information, organize, stores and easily retrieve or recall that knowledge. In this report,
research proposal will be made. This research proposal will include approach, hypothesis,
literature review for the selected topic (only peer-reviewed) literatures will be selectedand
ethical aspects of research will also be discussed. Apart from this, types and sources of
research data will also be selected.

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Task 1
Research approach
Research approach consists of plan and procedure that involves steps and assumptions about
the data collection, analysis and interpretation. In other words, it can be said that research
approach is the master plan which carries the methods and procedures for analysing and
collecting the needed information in a research study. This research will revolve around the
pedagogy and practice in education (Hennessey, et. al., 2017). In this research proposal
“deductive research approach” will be selected because it helps in testing the validity by
focusing on the benefits and importance of pedagogy and practice in education in the United
Kingdom.
Research philosophy
Research philosophy is the way in which researcher gather and analyse the data about the
specific subject. Research philosophy helps the researchers to get the adequate findings about
the research for commencing the study. Research philosophy also incorporates source, nature
and development of knowledge. Apart from this, the choice of research philosophy is
impacted by the practical implications. These are important philosophical that only focus on
the important facts and analysis. In this research proposal, “deductive research approach” will
be utilized because it will help in testing the validity by focusing on the benefits and
importance of pedagogy in education practice(Ooiwa-Yoshizawa, 2018).
Literature review
According to Hennessey et. al. (2017), the success of the students in the K-12 mathematics
classroom depends on two primary factors that are involvement of the students in subject and
clarity of their fundamental concepts. According to the authors its requires a close attention to
understand that involvement of the students and clarity of the fundamental concepts of the

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mathematics depends upon the teaching trait of their teacher. As it is well known facts that
most of the students in the world consider mathematics as most difficult subjects that primary
reason behind this is that most students do not have interest in this subject and they do not
have the knowledge about the fundamental concepts of the subjects. Here, pedagogy plays an
important role because it helps teacher to enhance their quality of teaching through which
students can incorporate the deeper learning in their specific subject. Thus, not only in the
mathematics but in all subjects the success rate of the students better depends the two things
as mention above. Thus, teachers should incorporate the specific teaching style which should
encourage interest for the subject in the students. Once students start showing their interest
then teachers can start with solving the fundamental concepts of the student effective and
efficiently(Hennessey, et. al., 2017).
According to Ooiwa-Yoshizawa (2018), this literature will show about the historical
background of critical pedagogy that how it has been approached to the field of language
education. According to the author, in order to understand the historical background of the
critical pedagogy it is important to summarize the five main themes of progressivism such as
a democratic education, a criticism of traditional education, understanding of the conception
of a knowledge, evolution of the whole person and understanding to the human nature. As
many school and education houses are inspired by the anti-authoritarian educational theory.
As name suggested, schools follow a strict approach to teach students which is somehow
identical to the dictatorship. Furthermore, in this literature, author stated that he is not in
favour of the anti-authoritarian educational theory although it is noted that students performs
extremely well under the approach but still author do not support this approach because
author states that the process of teaching students should be conducted in the reliable and
affection way. While learning a new topic studentshould conduct this process because of their

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interest in the subject rather than the fear of their teachers. However, for developing the
interest of the students, teacher style plays animportant role(Ooiwa-Yoshizawa, 2018).
According to Lewthwaite and Nind (2018), the teachers should develop the habits of reading
pleasure in the students, starting from their pre-schools and primary phase settings phase.
Authors shows that if teachers incorporate the norms of pedagogy in the students right from
their pre-schools then it is beneficiary for the teachers as well as because it is the opportunity
for them for enhancing their teaching style in effective and efficient manner. In 21st century,
education system is incorporating the digital era, in this era teachers are also focusing on
developing specific teaching style for educating their students and for delivering quality
education. In this literature, author has selected the theory driven approach where author
identified ways through which conceptual elaboration can effectively take place with the
contemporary reading theories as digital platform will help the teachers and students in much
broad way. Digital learning is moving forwards and it is eliminating the traditional classroom
methods each day. As per the views of author, through the application of digital learning, it is
good to see that teachers are utilizing a specific form of teaching which is known as their own
specific teaching trait(Lewthwaite and Nind, 2016).
According to Sandfortand&Gerdes (2017), authoritarian practices are incorporating by many
schools and education houses. As authoritarian refers to the power and authority through
which schools rules their students. As total authoritarian system is the spectrum in the
schooling system which originated from the military schooling. However, education houses
are conducting and operating this system for the betterment of the students but analysis shows
that this system creates the fear in the students for accomplishing a target which may put
adverse effect on them from the perspective of education psychology. Moreover, author also
explained that in this era of 21st century, education system is moving towards libertarian then
the authoritarian system. As libertarian incorporates that teaching to the students with lack of

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imposed power and authority on the student’s life. This system allows students to decide
what they want to learn and how what they want to achieve in their academics. Here, author
has also mentioned that till the primary classes there should be authoritarian system because
it is observed that till the primary age students do not have the enough understanding about
the subjects and it is also important that students should have the basic knowledge for the
specific subject. Thus, in this literature it is concluded that libertarian and authoritarian
system both have they own benefits and even in 21st century students should not completely
move towards the libertarian system. For the betterment, till primary age group there should
be authoritarian system so that students can incorporate basic knowledge and when students
successfully accomplish good grades in their primary education then there should be
libertarian system(Sandfort and Gerdes, 2017).
According to Nind(2018), powerful pedagogy drawn extensive knowledge from the wide
range of accessible synthesis work in the classroom. According to the author, powerful
pedagogy should incorporates following practical research based solutions such as modelling
of excellence, critically explanation of understanding, testing to permanency, marking for
improvement, effective planning of lessons and curriculum sequences, modellingof
excellence, etc. These are the critical improvement factors because it will help the teacher to
incorporates the principles so that they can apply their pedagogy in the adequate manner.
Apart from this, author has mention that learning for the principles for the pedagogy also
helps the teachers in their professional as well as their personal development. Thus,
incorporating these forms will help the teacher to make better choices so that they can deliver
quality education to the students. As per the views of authors, pedagogy is the process which
starts from the teachers and ends to the students by delivering the quality education. The
prime goal of adopting the art of pedagogy in education is that to make students understand

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better. Thus, teachers should learn the principles of pedagogy with the viewpoint so that their
students can gain better education(Nind, 2018).
According to Okello and Quaye (2018), authors advocate for utilizing creativity in pedagogy
trait. As creativity in pedagogy helps teacher to deal with the critical complex issues related
to the psychology of the students. In this literature, authors have concluded about the cultural
conformity and domination, provocation, reflexivity and participators methods through which
a teacher can form the better pedagogy practices in their teaching career. Apart from this,
author has also described that once teachers or administrations effective learn the methods of
add creativity on their pedagogy trait then they can effectively motivate students so that
students can perform well in their academics. Here, authors also advocate that through the
applications of pedagogy teachers should follow the aim to enable the interest for the subjects
among the students rather than simply teaching them. It is great to teach such students who
have actual passion for the subject because these kind of students grabs the knowledge early.
However, it is the duty of the teachers to incorporate specific behaviour in the students so that
students can effectively utilize the methods to learn, organize, store and recall the existing
data. Pedagogy also operates effectively when there is the strong interactions between teacher
and students, this strong interactions becomes deeper when the students starts incorporating
their interest in the subject(Nind, 2018).
According to Lewthwaite&Nind (2016), In spite of the developing corpus of research in
techniques instructional method, this writing is minor when contrasted and conversations of
sociology strategy. The bits of knowledge picked up from such research are important,
adding to educational culture by giving point by point instances of the manners by which
instructors can connect with, and propel, students through changes to academic practice.
Notwithstanding, there stays a requirement for look into that grows the edge of reference to
cross-cutting examination that supports the dialogic rehearses through which training praxis

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can be all the more experimentally and methodicallyanalysed and discussed. This is the hole
that we are attempting to fill(Nind, 2018).
These are approaches that are grounded in reflection on the exploration procedure, learning
by doing research and the procedures important to make strategies obvious. To do this, we
show and talk about another proof base grounded in subjective examination of master praxis
in the educating of sociology inquire about strategies, which comprises a stage towards the
development of an instructive culture. A key test in the improvement of greatness in the
instructing of research strategies has been that the improvement of cutting edge techniques
preparing has as often as possible been the assignment of methodological specialists who
don't have an educational foundation.
Contribution of research to education setting
The research proposal demonstrates that the present research will be contributed to the
educational setting because pedagogy and practice in considered the most appropriate
approach of education(Ooiwa-Yoshizawa, 2018). It is due to the reason that pedagogy
provides various models theories and teaching practices through which learners increase their
learning by understanding different procedure and structure. In the classroom this practice
also increases the knowledge of the individual by providing the information regarding the
factors which influence the psychological development and growth of the learners in the
classroom.
It contribute all the factors through the educational aspects it is due to the reason that it give
the information to the learners about the theories which is helpful to the learners to apply the
skills abilities, knowledge and capabilities in the education context. Therefore, it is the most
important approach which comes at the time when learners adopt the theory and practice in
highly effective manner. It is directly with the education because in this teachers use several

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models, strategies and actions to develop the students. The teachers also focus on the needs
and understanding of the learners so that they can develop professionally and learn according
to their interest.
Elements of research proposal
The research proposal demonstrates that the present study will be focus on three major
components which is more important to be studied so that present objective of conducting the
research is attained(Lewthwaite and Nind, 2016). The research will be based on the
individual skills and abilities as well as the society as the whole, the study will be focusing on
all the elements which is related to the education:-
 The research will be focuses on understanding the content or the aspects which is
being studied and taught to the learners. It is because through this one can understand
the practices and techniques which are used for teaching the students in more efficient
and effective manner.
 The others elements which will be used in conducting the study include investigating
the method which is use and describe the manner through the learners will be taught
and studied. This will provide the information about the philosophies for which
learners gain their knowledge and information regarding the specific subject matter
according to the needs and requirements of the learners.
 Further the last element is the techniques for which the children and learners gets
socialized and research will be conducted to examine the skills which is required for
successful operations of the learners in the society.
Ethical aspects of research
The research proposal demonstrates that research will be considered various ethical aspects it
is because this will help the researchers to conduct research in ethical manner. The research

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will be conduct by adopting the principle of objectivity in which each step of the research is
performed without biases that is data collection, analysis and interpretation etc. The other
ethical aspects include openness in which all the data, information and findings is shared in
highly efficient manner. Therefore through this ethical aspect it is clearly shows that research
will be open for carrying out the new innovation, ideas and data about the pedagogy and
practice in education.
The confidentiality is one of the ethical aspects which is followed while conducting that is
each activity and approaches are recorded it is because this increase motivation level of the
respondents and keep the responses of respondents confidential. The legality is also one of
the ethical aspects which is to be followed and used while conducting the research it is
because through this data collection through respondents and by selecting appropriate
literatures is done in ethical manner by adopting the privacy and carefulness approach so that
objective of the research will be achieved.
Task 2
Types and sources of research data
The research proposal demonstrates that sources of data collection is considered major step in
conducting the research. It is because it supports the research to collect appropriate
information to achieve the aim of conducting the research. For conducting the research
primary research will be used because of collecting the information from the respondents
about the teaching practices which is to be followed and help the learners to learn the theories
in more efficient manner. The research will be conducted in UK by involving all the
respondents in the study, the study will be using random sampling technique it is because not
appropriate respondent are chosen to involve in the study. The respondents are selected