Research of Women Portfolio Entrepreneurs Journey and Barriers

This research focuses on the journey and barriers faced by women portfolio entrepreneurs in the business world. It explores the importance of women portfolio entrepreneurs, the difference between an entrepreneur, a serial entrepreneur, and a portfolio entrepreneur, the role of feminism in business and entrepreneurship, and the influence of motherhood in the career of women portfolio entrepreneurship industry.

Research of portfolio women
entrepreneur’s barriers and
journeys

Table of Contents
TITLE: RESEARCH OF WOMEN PORTFOLIO ENTREPRENEURS JOURNEY AND
BARRIERS......................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
1.1Overview of research.........................................................................................................1
1. 2 Background of research...................................................................................................2
1.3 Research Aim and Objectives:.........................................................................................3
1.4 Rationale of study.............................................................................................................3
1.5 Structure of the dissertation..............................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................7
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................7
2.2. Concept of women portfolio............................................................................................7
2.3 Importance of women portfolio in industry......................................................................9
2.4 Challenges faced by women while being an entrepreneur.............................................12
2.5 Difference between an entrepreneur, a serial entrepreneur and a portfolio entrepreneur14
2.6 Is motherhood a barrier in creating a career in women portfolio entrepreneurship industry
..............................................................................................................................................16
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................18
Step 1: Clarify scope............................................................................................................18
Step 2: Search for evidence..................................................................................................20
Step 3: Appraise primary studies and extract data...............................................................20
Step 4: Synthesize evidence and draw conclusions..............................................................22
Step 5: Disseminate, implement and evaluate......................................................................23
Research philosophy.............................................................................................................24
FINDINGS AND RESULTS.........................................................................................................26
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................34
5.1 Conclusion......................................................................................................................34
Research limitation...............................................................................................................35

5.2 Recommendation............................................................................................................35
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................36

TITLE: RESEARCH OF WOMEN PORTFOLIO ENTREPRENEURS
JOURNEY AND BARRIERS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1Overview of research
Entrepreneurship is comprehensively said to be as the procedure of creating, introducing
and running completely new business venture at a very initial stage. This also depicts the
capacity as well as willingness of the individual for developing and managing new business by
taking all risks associated with the same and make desired profits at own level (Zerrillo, Joshi
and Itthiopassagul, 2020). Women entrepreneurship is considered as the effectual process in
which women organises all business associated activities, takes risks related to the same and
provide employment opportunities to others. With the passing period of time, it has been
analysed that women have entered into the market in order to develop their own identity and
generate more revenues. Increasing interest of the women in the business world has brought huge
innovation at market place and provided high level of contribution in the economics of the
nation. Portfolios entrepreneurs are acknowledged as the person who has two or more
independent business at own level (Kappal and Rastogi, 2020). It is not necessary that the person
is required to have complete stake of the business. Here, these people can also have minority or
majority ownership stakes in these businesses. Changing world have diverted mind of the people
especially women towards the business as they wants to earn more and more money with their
efforts with the motive of converting their lifestyle into better one. Also, indulging into the
business helps women in becoming financially independent as they can easily bear their own
expenses without any issues (Ranasinghe, 2019). The present report provides detailed knowledge
on the women entrepreneurs and how they get interested in developing their own business and
increasing its numbers with the motive of becoming highly active in making themselves financial
in dependent (Charles, 2017). The respective study is being conducted with the motive of
knowing that several issues, barriers and obstacles faced by women portfolio entrepreneurs while
establishing which business at marketplace. The study will contribute in determining several that
supports women entrepreneurs in overcoming the hurdles and becoming successful at the same
marketplace in rightful manner.
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1. 2 Background of research
Female portfolio entrepreneurs are acknowledged as the women who have two or more
businesses at their own level. there are probable chances that these women can indulge into
partnership for establishing their business effectively and run it smoothly or there are few
chances that these women might have good range of shares in the business which ultimately
makes them partner of the business in some manner (Hamilton and Mostert, 2019). It has been
acknowledged that at the initial level only males were indulging into the business activities at
that of period only men were only being accepted by others as the business operator. In addition
to this, it can be further said that people only perceived women as the home maker in the earlier
time. But now, with the continuous based evolution women are getting diverted towards the
business world and contribute their own share in the development of the society by bringing
innovations at regular basis and contributing in the economic growth of the nation too. Entering
into the business world is not at all easier for the females as they are not getting appropriate level
of support from the others (Squire, 2020). This ultimately creates range of barriers for the women
in business world. But, still with the passing period of time and attaining adequate level of
experiences females are becoming successful in the same. Also, these females are taking several
self initiatives in the businesses for making their business highly successful and profitable. This
directly contributes in the development of the society as well as national economy in the rapid
manner.
It has been analysed that the female portfolio entrepreneurs faces several challenges as well
as barriers creates range of difficulties in front of the women in establishing their business and
making it successful (Crittenden, Crittenden and Ajjan, 2019). Some of the core difficulties that
is being faced by the women entrepreneurs’ are access to finance, to any kind of resources or
support and to pass over their insecurity which comes from lack of confidence, fear of failure,
lack of competence and many others (Muhammad, Robinson and Nisar, 2019). This investigation
is going to conducted on developing their own understanding on several challenges as well as
barriers faced by female portfolio entrepreneurs while executing their business activities in
rightful manner. This study will highlight all the barriers that are faced by the women’s and at the
same time it will provide us detailed information on the several ways through which these can be
overcome in rightful manner. In order to the conduct this investigation in the most lucrative
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form, respective investigator have developed best possible research aim, objectives as well as
questions that will contribute in completing research in the predefined period of time and acquire
proposed research outcome in the quicker manner (Rosa, and Scott, 2019).
1.3 Research Aim and Objectives:
Research aim:
“To investigate research about the women portfolio entrepreneurs’ journey and barriers”
A case study on Women Portfolio Entrepreneurs.
Research Objectives:
 To determine the importance of women portfolio entrepreneurs.
 To investigate about difference between an entrepreneur, a serial entrepreneur and a
portfolio entrepreneur.
 To identify the role of feminism in business and entrepreneurship.
 To ascertain the influence of motherhood in the career of women portfolio
entrepreneurship industry.
Research Questions:
 What is the difference between an entrepreneur, a serial entrepreneur and a portfolio
entrepreneur?
 Why chosen women portfolio entrepreneurs?
 How feminism is portrayed in business and entrepreneurship?
 Is motherhood a barrier in creating a career in women portfolio entrepreneurship
industry?
1.4 Rationale of study
The main purpose of conducting this investigation is to determine core problems that are
being faced by the female portfolio entrepreneurs. All of these are affecting women’s working
practices at negative manner as making them stop to execute their business activities and attain
success in the quicker period of time (Solotaroff and et. al., 2019). Also, while looking at the
perspective of the researcher the study will allow them in determining developing their
knowledge regarding the current growth of the female portfolio entrepreneurs and their future
B23546growth perspectives related to the same (Isiwuand Onwuka, 2017). In addition to this, it
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will also help the investigator in determining core needs of the women entrepreneurs’ which are
required by them while establishing the business and the core weak areas related to the same in
case if they have not achieved it in the available time period of time (Mgaguli, 2019). The
overall initiatives taken by the investigator while conducting this study will develop their core
skills and knowledge associated with the same. This developed knowledge would definitely help
them out in conducting more effective research in the near future.
1.5 Structure of the dissertation
Every investigation is being conducted in specific structure that simply provides an overview to
the investigator about several chapter or areas which have been covered in the research. It also
allows investigator in developing their core understanding on the basic gist about each and every
chapter and its importance in the study (Zerrillo, Joshi and Itthiopassagul, 2020). With reference
to the present study, the respective study includes 5 main chapters mentioned as introduction,
literature review, research methodology, results & discussion and conclusion & recommendation
(Siddiqui and Jan, 2017). Basic overview about each section is provided in the current
investigation which is explained below in briefly:
Introduction: This is To determine the importance of women portfolio entrepreneurs.
 To investigate about difference between an entrepreneur, a serial entrepreneur and a
portfolio entrepreneur.
 To identify the role of feminism in business and entrepreneurship.
To ascertain the influence of motherhood in the career of women portfolio entrepreneurship
industry.he first and foremost chapter of every investigation which is considered as the
introductory one which provides an overview to the reader about the main topic as well as
rationale behind choosing this topic (Helman, 2019). The main sub headings covered in this
chapter includes overview of research, background of study, research aim, objectives, questions,
rationale of study and structure of project. Inclusion of this chapter helps readers in developing
understanding on the topic in brief manner.
Literature review: It is the second chapter of every investigation where main focus of the
researcher is on gathering and presenting information related to the project from different
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secondary sources. In this section, the main research topic is being divided into several sub topics
with the motive of the gathering maximum detailed information on the same topic. Main
preference in this chapter has been provided to books, journals, articles, magazines and other
published sources (Buratti, Cesaroni,and Sentuti, 2017). It can be further said that the main
motive of literature review section is to attain research gap in between the past study and current
investigation (Ranasinghe, 2019). In context of the present study conducted on the women
portfolio entrepreneurs, the literature review section would cover detailed knowledge on its core
concept, its importance within the society as well as industry, Effectiveness of feminism in
developing career as an entrepreneur, barriers as well as challenges faced by female entrepreneur
and proposed solutions that could help women entrepreneur in dealing with the situation and
attaining success within their respective sector (Fackelmann, Concini and Dustdar, 2020).
Specifying detailed information over these topics would develop understanding of the
investigator on the same topic and attain its required project aim and objectives in the quicker
manner.
Research methodology: It is the third chapter of the investigation which provides clear
knowledge on the type of methodology that would be followed by the investigator while carrying
out the same project in rightful manner (Naser, 2018). For this part of dissertation, Pawson’s
protocol steps will be used by researcher because it helps in gathering and analysing of
appropriate information about the topic. For carrying out the present study, researcher have
provided core preference to the secondary data which would be analysed with the usage
qualitative method. In this, realistic review have been prioritised by the researcher rather than
systematic review as the results obtained by the realist review are more beneficial and worthy for
the investigator (Musk, Botha and Neil, 2017). Usage of the right methods helps investigator in
completing the overall project within the available period of time that contributes in attaining
success towards the same in rightful manner.
Results & Discussion: After specifying the respective research methods that have been
adopted by the investigator for the completion of the study, the next chapter is about results and
findings sections (Hashimu, 2018). In this chapter, the investigator analysis the overall gathered
information on the proposed research topic from several sources so that actual findings towards
can be drawn. In order to obtain best possible results, investigator have made use of different
study materials that clearly shows information on the women entrepreneurs, barriers faced by
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them at marketplace and several ways adopted by them for overcoming these barriers (El
Hamidi, 2017). It also provides basic view on the feminism and its core role in the success of the
women entrepreneurs.
Conclusion and recommendation: This is the last chapter of research which is considered as
the most important one (Jayawardane, 2016). This chapter specifies the overall summary of the
project to the readers. This summary includes all the important aspects of the research that have
contributed in the quick achievement of the research aim, objectives and questions
(SchweerRayner, 2018). On the basis of all the findings, the few recommendations are also
provided in the end to the women entrepreneurs so that they can effectively improvise their
performance and deal with the challenges at marketplace in such a manner that result in
attainment of success in rapid manner.
Gantt chart
The project plan timetable
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Literature review is defined as the process of reviewing number of secondary sources in
order to gather the information regarding a particular area of study from the perspective of
different view point of scholars. This support in developing an understanding regarding the
nature of study so that appropriate points can be explained which can be used to proceed further.
In other words it can be said that literature Review is the review of scholarly sources that gives
an overview of specific topic. It includes the process of systematic review of different articles,
journals, books and other sources related to the different themes of study area. It administers
foundation of knowledge on the topic.
2.2. Concept of women portfolio
As per the view point of BOURNE, Terri (2016) women portfolio entrepreneur, meaning
women who run more than one business. There are different examples of women entrepreneurs
such as Alison Jacobson who is the co-founder and CEO of Firestring, Fiona Mati, who is East
African Project Manager for Angaza Design, Fern Elise Foster is the Co-Founder of STUSH
Marketing Ltd etc. These are best examples of women entrepreneur in all over the world.
Illustration 1: Woman portfolio entrepreneur in all over
the world
(Source: Woman portfolio entrepreneur in all over the world, 2013)
From the above mentioned graph, it has been interpreted percentage of male and female
entrepreneur. In sub-Saharan Africa, percentage of female entrepreneur was 22% which is
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greater as compare to male entrepreneur such as 23%. In Mid Asia, number of female
entrepreneurs was high as compare to male which are 23%. In United State, percentage of female
entrepreneur was 36% and male entrepreneurs are 33%. Collectively, women entrepreneurs look
different than their male counterparts. Their lower employment numbers as well as growth
aspirations have historically led to questions of how to “fix” them. Along with this, percentage of
women entrepreneurs is less as compare to male entrepreneurs.
According to the perception expressed by (Lepeley and et. al., 2019), it has been
determined that portfolio entrepreneurs are one who runs two or more businesses at the same
time. All of these businesses run parallel at the same time which provides huge range of
profitability to the companies with which they can maximise their profitability in the rapid
manner. Women entrepreneurs who run more than one business are called as the female portfolio
entrepreneurs. It has been acknowledged that establishing a business at their own level is not at
all easier for the women because they are not get equivalent support from others in their business
development process (Sofer, and Saada, 2017). Here, it can be said that the women portfolio
entrepreneur faces range of problems with the business world. Some of the main barriers that is
being faced by women are luck of competence, gender discrimination, insecurities and lack of
failure, lack of confidence, lack of knowledge (lack of adequate trainings and resources), lack of
finance and many others. All of these barriers directly hamper overall performance of the women
which ultimately affects their profitability in the negative manner.
It can be said that discrimination among the women are constantly increasing within the
society that is not allowing women entrepreneurs to make themselves and strong and stable at
marketplace (Ewens and Townsend, 2020). It is ultimately placing influence over the economic
growth of the nation as the contribution which is attained by the nation from the female
entrepreneurs is not being obtained by them in any manner.
On the other hand, a view expressed by Hamilton, L. and Mostert, C.L., (2019), completely
supports Lepeley and et. al., 2019 as according to them the overall information specified by this
author is specifying the when a female entrepreneur tackles the few businesses at the same time it
can be said that as the women portfolio entrepreneurs’. The respective author has further
mentioned that backwardness of the women in terms of working and earning money has
influenced them a lot in establishing their business at their own level (Bennett, Radicic, and
Newton, 2017). In order to attain higher success and prove themselves within the society these
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women takes several initiatives’ and find out best ways by which they can easily establish their
business. These women’s attain expertise with the passing period of time and experience which
further supports them out in establishing and running more than one business at the single time.
In addition to this Squire, H., (2020) states that women are having higher level of expertise in
performing two or more work at the same time. This is so because the women have lots of
responsibilities as compared to the men within their personal life (Vismara, Benaroio and
Carne, 2017). This simply makes the person expertise of the same and also helps them out in
executing several numbers of businesses in their career for attaining success in rapid manner.
2.3 Importance of women portfolio in industry
Illustration 2: Importance of women portfolio within healthcare industry
(Source: Importance of women portfolio within healthcare industry, 2019)
From the above shown graph, it has been interpreted that women portfolio entrepreneurs
are more important within healthcare industry as compare to corporate America. Percentage of
women entrepreneurs are high in different levels such as entry level, manager, senior manager,
vice president, senior vice president, C-suite etc. Healthcare’s many sub segments are a natural
draw for the 50% of STEM graduates1 that are women, affording them the chance of a career
within an industry with a different variety of technical disciplines like science, engineering,
technology, medicine, operations, business and even design. Also, nurses are more than 80
percent women2 and they comprise a biggest part of the workforce within healthcare provider
and payer organizations in the US.
As per the views expressed by the author named as (Muhammad, N., Robinson, D. and
Nisar, M., (2019), it has been analysed that the women portfolio entrepreneur plays huge role in
9

the industry society as develops range of business opportunity as well as job opportunity for the
individuals in the society (Amatucci, 2016). It has been later analysed that the women are
consist of range of ideas as well as expertise that makes them perform the same work more
proficiently as compared to the men. This can be well understood with the help of the example.
Several decades ago there was the little girl named as Beate Chelette, an ambitious girl who
wants to decorate her room at her own with the usage of the several poster. At that period of
time, the girl was not having money due to bad financial condition of her parent. After few days,
Beate Chelette have realised that she can become the distributor of the posters and later sell it to
her friends and other known people. This would make the poster free for herself. This was the
very first initiative taken by Beate Chelette in the early age of 12 as she has started the business
of poster distribution. All of this was done in the early age, later on Beate has joined a well
paying job but her ambition of doing things at her own level had not supported to continue it for
longer period of time (Albert, 2017). Thus, she took risky step of resignation and started her
own career entrepreneurship. After succeeding her first business, the lady sold it to the most
renowned business personality Bill Gates in multi - million dollar deal. Apart from this, the lady
has further decided to the motivate women and provide them appropriate coaching with the
motive of inspiring them to perform the same work in better manner. In this regard Beate has
opened her own consultancy firm where adequate training is being provided to the women so that
they can effectively establish their business in the near future with adequate level of knowledge
and expertise advice given by the Beate (Galarraga, 2018). Here, the lady has started teaching
techniques and her own expertise knowledge to the enrolled women so that they can reach out to
the success in the quicker manner in the near future in rapid form.
The overall information attained from the story of Beate Chelett, it can be said that the
lady was not at all alone in her time or the respective decade, rather than her there were several
other women belonging to the same decade, took initiative for establishing their own career and
succeeded within it. The overall knowledge gained with this clearly specifies that the women
portfolio entrepreneur is not at all the common concept but at same it clearly specifies that it
provides adequate level of support of the economic condition of the name which directly places
influences over growth of the same country in the rapid manner. In addition to this, another
author named as... has expressed the positive views towards the same that specifies that number
of women entrepreneurs are increasing within the society day by day which is ultimately
10

influencing the economic growth rate of the nation in the positive manner (Santos, Marques, and
Ratten, 2019). Also, these numbers of increasing women entrepreneurs are ultimately creating
several jobs within the society which ultimately leads to the enhancement of standard of living of
the same society in appropriate manner (Scharff, 2016). Along with this, it has been later seen
that these women entrepreneurs are not only increasing number of jobs within the society but at
the same time they are providing a remarkable contribution towards the economic security of
these employees families and providing them opportunity to live the life in better manner.
As perception presented by Solotaroff, Kotikula, Lonnberg, Ali and Jahan, (2019), it can
be said that the respective author clearly opposes the information mentioned in the above section
is not at all valid according to their own knowledge it simply develops diversity at marketplace
and also initiates the social impact over the same society. Here, it has been observed that the
women within the society are developing diversity within the marketplace. This diversity at
marketplace is directly help out people in making themselves stronger and stronger as the
compared to others within the society (Rajpal, 2016). Many writers have mentioned in their
respective magazines that the female entrepreneurs have settled down new benchmark for the
businesses.
As information expressed by Mgaguli, (2019), it can be said that the women
entrepreneurs are the one who have women entrepreneurs’ are highly important within the
society as they brings range of innovations with the motive of delivering higher quality services
to the customers and influence their interest towards themselves for attaining success. These
entrepreneurs are highly courageous and supportive for their team members that ultimately
makes their business successful and worthy (Solomon, 2018). Also, the supportive and friendly
behaviour of the women entrepreneurs’ allows employees in expressing their problems as well as
ideas. This directly provides contribution to the owner in taking preventive measures towards its
improvement in the rightful manner. In addition to this, it has been later analyzed that women
entrepreneurs provides an effective as well as worthy assistance in several areas. The main areas
among them are funding, mentorship and experience (Abdullahand Quayes, 2016). The
government is now self focused towards the women which are now focusing on providing range
of funding options to the individuals especially women with which they can start their business.
This help attained by the government directly contributes in acquiring range of opportunities
within the society that ultimately helps them out in attaining respective goals and objectives as
11

per their planning within the same business area. The second area covered by the women are
mentorship which simply means that women are one who could lead entire business at her own
level and provide an adequate level of assistance to the employees in the such a manner that
leads to accomplishment of business objectives in the quicker manner. This simply makes
women expertise and enhances their experience related to the work from the initial days only.
The past experience of the women directly helps them out in executing their work in the best
possible manner (Schindehutte and Morris, 2016). Also, the good experience also makes women
self confident and also helps them out in taking rightful decisions towards the businesses which
ultimately helps them out in succeeding their business in rightful manner.
This experience of the entrepreneur directly leads to introducing several changes as well
as innovation within the society in rightful manner. In addition to this, it can be said that the
female entrepreneurs are also the key to shaping the next generation. When it comes to
motivating young women, they are leading by example; influencing their attitudes and ambitions.
While high-level female role-models, like Cheryl Sandberg and Sara Blakely, are incredibly
inspiring, don’t discount the value of local-level women in business. Exposing girls to these
leaders offers a more easily imaginable and attainable level of success. In fact, there are some
fantastic national programs with local chaptB23546ers, like Girls Inc., which help empower girls
with the tools and confidence they need to reach their full potential (Gurley-Calvez and
Lugovskyy,, 2019). As always, change comes with time but millions of women, like Judith and
Beate, have the passion and the drive to succeed. Through support and recognition, they will
continue to build healthy businesses that improve our economy and generate lasting social
impacts. As we look forward, we expect women to continue to break the barriers and for 2018 to
be another great year of female entrepreneur success stories.
2.4 Challenges faced by women while being an entrepreneur
According to the Squire (2020), there are different number of challenges or constraints
faced by women while being an entrepreneur such as cultural constraints, lack of capital, lack of
access to information, networking, work-family responsibilities, limited access to formal
education and training programs etc. These are major challenges that faced by women
entrepreneurs. These challenges had negative impact over the performance of women
entrepreneurs in running of business activities successfully.
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Illustration 3: Global environment for women entrepreneurs
13

From the above mentioned image, it has been interpreted global environment for women
entrepreneur. This makes it difficult for the women prove themselves as the expertise. Along
with this, it has been later noticed that the women entrepreneurs also faces problems related to
the confidence level. the main reason behind this is that they have performed very less
professional work which have ultimately kept them away from the experience related to the
same. As a result, these women’s are less expertise towards the same.
On the basis of the views expressed by Etim and Iwu, (2019) it is seen that women
entrepreneurs are experiencing range of problems as well as challenges as being an entrepreneur
within the society. This have directly affected their working practices as well as working
capability in the rightful manner. As per the information mentioned by... it can be said that the
main barriers towards the same are Lack of competence, Gender discrimination, Insecurities and
lack of failure, lack of confidence, Lack of knowledge (lack of adequate trainings and resources),
Lack of finance and many others. Here, it has been noticed that the women entrepreneurs are
currently facing problems related to the gender discrimination as well as lack of confidence. This
is so because that the society is not providing them equivalent opportunity within the society
from the initial days.
2.5 Difference between an entrepreneur, a serial entrepreneur and a portfolio entrepreneur
As per the viewpoint expressed by the author named as Etim and Iwu, (2019), entrepreneur
is referred to the person who runs their business at own level by taking all risk and also enjoys
profits. Entrepreneurs are of many types who make range of efforts for making their business
successful and attaining huge level of monetary benefits. Main and popular kind of entrepreneurs
are serial and portfolio entrepreneurs. It has been acknowledged that serial entrepreneurs are the
one who runs multiple of businesses at their own level in the particular sequence. In this,
business person initiates a business, makes it successful and then move forward to develop
another business and make it successful too (Etim and Iwu, 2019). On the other hand, if it is talk
about the portfolio entrepreneurs it can be said that business organisations here focuses on
running multiple of businesses at the single time in parallel. This is considered as main difference
among the serial and portfolio entrepreneurs.
From views expressed by Slade Shantz, (2019), it has been analysed that entrepreneurs are
one who creates range of business opportunity for the national growth as they are easily be able
to develop innovative products at market place and find out new ways of maximising their
14

business performance in rightful manner (Sperber and Linder, 2019). Here, it has been
acknowledged that the serial entrepreneurs are the one performs sole job in the entrepreneurship.
These entrepreneurs develop several businesses and run them for generating huge level of the
profitability at marketplace. It can be said that there are problem chances that there are probable
chances that the businesses can get successful or might get fail due to external forces. Instead of
this, the main focus of these entrepreneurs is on making their one business successful so that they
can easily gain maximum returns from it and then focuses on selling it at market place so that
they can use the same money in another business and attain higher profitability (Akinboyo,
2020). Whereas Akinboyo, 2020, has expressed that the main difference among the normal
entrepreneur and serial entrepreneur is that they develops exit strategy before starting the
business venture (Raghunandan, 2018). This is so because, serial entrepreneurs have already
decided to handover the business to someone else or their own managers after making it
successful at marketplace.
On the other hand, while focusing on the portfolio entrepreneurs it can be said that the
main focus of the portfolio entrepreneurs is to develop range of businesses so that they can
maximise their profitability in the same with the indulgence of two or more businesses at the
same time. Here, the entrepreneurs’ motive is to put equivalent efforts in every business so that
high level of revenue can be generated by them all in effective (Nouri, 2020). Unlike serial
entrepreneurs or normal entrepreneur these entrepreneurs focuses on developing the more than
two businesses so that they can enjoy benefits as well as profitability at all the times. The main
benefits these entrepreneurs gains is that they have the back up from the several other businesses
in case one of their business gets failed (Alsos and Ljunggren, 2017). As a result, it can be said
that portfolio faces less financial troubles as compared to the normal entrepreneur or serial
entrepreneurs.
According to the overall analysis, it can be said that there are range of differences in all
forms of entrepreneurs but still the one and only motive of these entrepreneurs is to make their
business successful and attain huge profitability from the same in rapid manner. For attaining this
success, all of these kinds of entrepreneurs put range of efforts as well as hard work in order to
make their business successful in quicker manner (Santos, Marques and Ratten, 2019).
15

2.6 Is motherhood a barrier in creating a career in women portfolio entrepreneurship industry
According to thoughts expressed by (Batjargal and et. al., 2019), it has been analysed that
the motherhood is determined as the important phase of the every woman’s life. Here, it can be
said that after becoming mother roles and responsibility of the women increases day by day. The
main add on responsibility related to the women’s life is that they have to take care of the
children which ultimately diverts mindset of the women from their organisational work. This
directly places huge influence over the working practices of the female businesses. It can be said
that handling business, family and children at a same time makes the life of the female worst as
they are not able to the give appropriate level of time to each thing. In order to fulfil each thing in
appropriate manner mental pressure on the women increases day by day and also affects their
working potential in negative manner. Here, it has also been acknowledged that many of the
women faces range of problems related to the same as after getting mother their work gets
16

affected a lot (Alexander, 2020). This kind of influence is not always seen at their own level but
many a times, it has been acknowledged that people especially business associated people who
were initially supporting female portfolio entrepreneurs are now trusting on the same woman.
This directly results in the decline of female entrepreneurs’ morale as well as working potential
in negative manner. In addition to this, it has been further analysed that being a mother family
responsibility increases with passing period of time. This ultimately places huge impact over the
core working capacity of the women. Many a times, these women have to postpone their
meetings as wells as other business linked plans in order to tackle the situation created at home
due to children.
Apart from this, views expressed by Lepeley and et. al., 2019, states that after years of
equal opportunity legislation the motherhood still limits the career of a women even within the
feminised occupations. There are several breaks that a woman gets while her motherhood stage
such as working hour pressure, career break and growing school age children, these all affect the
career progression. This is so because being a mother a woman holds up range of roles and
responsibility, they have to provide equivalent care and attention to their children in growing
stage of them in order to develop them a healthier being. This sometimes divert their attention
from their work practices or job roleB23546 that not only affect their performance but also affect
their career growth (Raghunandan, 2018). So, it can be said that motherhood is a kind of barrier
to women in their career, as during this stage they have more responsibility and less to give on
themselves which make it difficult to improve their work performance or move for a better
opportunity in career.
17

In continuation to this it is explained by Alexander, 2020, the most common reason a woman
remain less likely to start a business is due to her role of working as a family’s primary caregiver.
This is so because, juggling a demanding leadership role along with child care can be difficult,
emotionally fraught as well as also seems to be very much costly. The one of the major barrier in
front of a female founder is about the reality of losing all the control when she went for a
maternity leave which seems nearly impossible to get a proper break.
18

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The main goal of an investigator is to make the better selection of the methodologies that help in
conducting investigation effectively (Basias and Pollalis, 2018). The methodology part of
dissertation permits readers to evaluate critically overall reliability as well as validity of study.
The researcher chose to apply pragmatic study as an approach that allowed experts and strategy
representatives to refine projects thanks to a defined and highly functional understanding of
complex social interventions. (Pawson et al., 2005).
In each case, the researcher has chosen to modify the pragmatic study by inserting the circle to
provide a preliminary theoretical model at a detailed study level by gathering information from
various articles and books. Applying adequate work to the pragmatic measure of inquiry is
therefore methodologically imaginative, but is supported by this study's general point of
understanding existing barriers the visibility of the entrepreneurs during the tour and the
direction to consider.
The convenience of observation work within pragmatic inquiry measurement required some
amendments to the published methodology which have been given below.
For this chapter, Pawson’s protocol steps will be used by researcher because it helps in
identification realist review. This protocol includes five steps which are clarify scope, search of
evidence, Appraise primary studies and extract data, Synthesize evidence and draw conclusions
and Disseminate, implement and evaluate. All these are consider main and useful steps that will
be used within a current dissertation. These steps are:
Step 1: Clarify scope
a) Research questionings
 What is the difference between an entrepreneur, a serial entrepreneur and a portfolio
entrepreneur?
 Why chosen women portfolio entrepreneurs?
 How feminism is portrayed in business and entrepreneurship? Is motherhood a barrier in creating a career in women portfolio entrepreneurship
industry?
Research objectives
 To determine the importance of women portfolio entrepreneurs.
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 To investigate about difference between an entrepreneur, a serial entrepreneur and a
portfolio entrepreneur.
 To identify the role of feminism in business and entrepreneurship.
 To ascertain the influence of motherhood in the career of women portfolio
entrepreneurship industry.
b) Main purpose of the review is to helps investigator in collecting and analysing of appropriate
information through specific research methods. This is the most imperative area of an
investigation which encompasses over the aspects which are effective in case of providing
assistance to reaching at valid and reliable outcome. Therefore, this section is mainly based over
two aspects i.e. primary and secondary source of information. Thus, these two are creating
separate value for the investigations in generating valuable results. Primary tools are effective in
gathering first hand information which are encompasses over a specific area (Sun and Lipsitz,
2018). In addition to this, this section is based on developing survey, interview and observation
analysis as it basically relay over the quantitative aspects (Grenier and Collins, 2016)
c) It is necessary for researcher because this assist them in identification on the problem
related to an investigation in an effective manner. This is overall strategy that mainly select to be
integrate various study components in a logical manner and assure that research problem can be
addressed. This mainly constitute blueprint for gathering, measuring and analysing data.
Different research designs are mention below:
Descriptive research design- This is theory based design where an investigator interested
in explaining topic that is subject of an investigation. It mainly consists collection of data,
analysis and also presentation. This lets an investigator to understand requirement of research
issue (Norris, 2016).
Explanatory research design- It is mainly used to expand, explain and explore the
theories as well as ideas of an investigator. This type of research design is mainly used for
elaboration on unexplored aspects of specific area.
Exploratory research design- It introduces to process of studying issue which has been
investigated in past. It is organised to have the accurate undergraduate of the existing issues. This
kind of study is match with scientific research design.
20

In regards to this, there has been exploratory research design used as its main focus on
resolving the issues and also getting valid results within minimum time period (Ørngreen and
Levinsen, 2017).
Step 2: Search for evidence
a). Exploratory research design is useful for researcher in gathering of secondary
information for literature review from different sources such as magazines, books, articles,
publication research etc. These are consider useful sources of secondary data collection that will
be effective in getting of valid outcomes within less period of time. Exploratory research design
is conducted for a research problem when the investigator has no past information or only a few
studies for reference. Sometimes this investigation is informal and unstructured. It serves as a
tool for initial investigation that gives a hypothetical or theoretical idea of the research problem.
b). Inclusion criteria within the light of emerging data include different sources of
secondary data collection such as articles, books, publication research, magazines etc. All these
are inclusion criteria that are used for literature review in conducting present investigation in
systematic manner.
c). This research is based on secondary research and there will be no requirement of using
sampling techniques and not need for selecting sample.
d). There are various sources that will be effective in gathering of secondary data. These
are are books, publication research, magazines, articles etc. All these are effective for conducting
additional studies.
Step 3: Appraise primary studies and extract data
a) Formal critical appraisal checklist helps researcher in identification of appropriate
information gathered from secondary sources including articles, books, magazines, publication
research and many other sources relevant to the topic. The philosophy is mainly designated
through the investigator in which different patterns are identified which are essential in respect
to execute an analysis effectively. It significantly defined as the primary obligation of the
researcher to select an appropriate philosophic method so that an outcome can be drawn related
to study. In this, certain assumptions are made by an investigator so that a base can be created for
the project and they will be able to resolve their research questions. Apart from this, positivism
philosophy is basically executed through investigator when quantitative research approach has
21

been adopted. In this, some mathematical as well as scientific models have been used so that
hypothesis can be tested in an effective manner (Bøe, Hognestad and Waniganayake, 2017).
b) It considered the procedure and plan for an investigation that span steps from wider
assumptions to the detailed data collection methods, examine and also interpretation. Overall
decision consists about the effective approach that is mainly used to study of specific subject
area. The better research also send you an example of a student work of a realist review using
the Pawson Protocol. You can use it as an example!!!design is helpful in obtain the data to
evaluating research questions in an effective manner. Inductive and deductive are two different
kinds of research approaches (Daniel, 2018).
Inductive research approach- An investigator starts through gathering data which is
relevant to the study area. Once substantial data have been gathered, an investigator will take
breather from the collection of relevant data. In present investigation, researcher start with
observation set and move from specific experience to general proposition set about experience.
Deductive research approach- In this, researcher begin with social theory that they
search compelling and test implications with the data. They mainly move from general to
specific. It permits an investigator to compare the different respondents understanding by the
empirical data.
Deductive research approach has not been used because this is not useful as it needs
primary data and also takes more time (Haydon, Browne and van der Riet, 2018).
c) Research strategy is overall plan to conduct research study. This guides an investigator
in planning, implementing and monitoring study. It provides the way to gather information and
analyse by using effective and useful strategies. Different strategies are mention below:
Case study- Its main focus on in-depth research of single case. In this strategy, mainly
information is to be sought from various sources and by use of various kinds of data like surveys,
observation, interviews and others (Melnikovas, 2018).
Interviews- It consists face to face conversation among two people with main purpose of
collection of the relevant data in order to satisfy purpose of research. The interview methods are
structures, unstructured and semi structures with having slight variation from other.
Questionnaire- It is a process of gathering data by instrument including question series
and also prompts to receive response from people. The main benefit of using survey is that it
helps in collection of information within less time period and from large sample size.
22

These all are the necessary strategies related to data collection. In this present
investigation, case study strategy has been used as to collection of information from the
secondary method. There has been realist review secondary data used in which the different case
studies related to women portfolio entrepreneurs’ journey and barriers included (Mohajan,
2018).
Step 4: Synthesize evidence and draw conclusions
a) There are two effective types of research theories such as qualitative and quantitative.
According to the current investigation, qualitative research is useful because it helps in gathering
of secondary and qualitative data about the topic. The research choice seeks to be inform
regarding what data and information is gathered from responsible researcher. It is the
responsibility of researcher to use the better research choice for completion of investigation
effectively and getting positive outcomes. Qualitative and quantitative are two different research
choices which given below:
Qualitative- It consists gathering as well as analysing the non- numerical data in order to
understand opinions and concepts. This can mainly used to collect the in- depth insights to issue
or think new ideas for conducting an investigation. The main benefit of using qualitative research
choice is that it gives content which is useful for the practical application. Qualitative research
process mainly encourages the social researchers to understand why the people make choices
they perform each day (Humphries, 2017).
Quantitative- Under this, collected data expressed in graphs and numbers in order to
confirm assumptions and theories. It is basically depends on the data which can be measured
objectively with the numbers. Data mainly analysed by the numerical comparison as well as
statistical analysis.
In conducting present investigation, there has been qualitative research choice used as
this is helpful in providing detailed information and getting positive outcomes. Other than this, it
gives the chance to develop particular insights. This research choice helps in eliminate potential
for bias within information and data (Kumar, 2019).
b). Main purpose of the review is gathering of appropriate information about the study.
Synthesis process is essential for investigator in getting of valid outcomes within less period of
time. This process will helps investigator in conducting of entire research systematically and
effectively.
23

c). For contradictory evidence, case study will be used by investigator because it support
in collecting of secondary and accurate information easily. Case study research method “as an
empirical inquiry that studies a contemporary phenomenon in its real-life context; when the
boundaries betwixt phenomenon and context are not clearly evident; and in which different
sources of evidence are followed.”
d). From the above mentioned information, it has been determined that case study is a
useful method of secondary data collection that helps researcher in getting of valid outcomes and
achievement of research aim and objectives effectively.
Step 5: Disseminate, implement and evaluate
a) From the above mentioned, it has been concluded and recommended to the key
stakeholders as women portfolio entrepreneurs journey is not easy. There are some
recommendations to the stakeholders such as to provide equal opportunities to the women
entrepreneur and support them in every stage related to the personal and professional life.
b) There will be need of following research ethics because it will helps them in
completing of full work ethically. Ethics is related to the values, norms, principles and morals
which are necessary in conducting an investigation effectively. The ethics norms consists issues
for an instance informed consent, honesty, data storage, right to access of data and confidentiality
to undertake an investigation. It is the responsibility of researcher to follow all the ethical
consideration principles while conducting an investigation. On other the hand, research ethics
were mainly applied for assuring that the research outcomes are considered to be robust and
relevant. Researcher should have the access to collection of information and data from different
sources so that it can able to completion of investigation within given time period (Taherdoost,
2016).
c) Qualitative is a type of research setting that will be used within an investigation for
getting accurate outcomes and concluding valid outcomes within a less period of time. This
research will support investigator in gathering of qualitative and secondary information from
different sources such as articles books, magazines etc.
WHAT IS IT ABOUT THIS (INTERVENTION, POLICY, REGULATION ETC) THAT
WORKS. FOR WHOM AND IN WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES? (PAWSON et al, 2005)
24

Realist review was first developed by Pawson for complex social media to effectively examine
how relevant components influence the link between intervention and outcome (research
summary "what works, how, for whom, under what conditions and in Which size? ").
Greenhalgh et al. created a meta-analysis study as a variant of a pragmatic study, to be used
when a strategy-related topic has been studied in a number of ways by many collections of
researchers, especially when key terms influencing a range of literary works.
Realist and meta-narrative reviews are detailed, hypothetical, hypothetical methods designed to
help detect heterogeneous evidence of complex interventions applied in different contexts the
approach that clarifies the strategy. Mediation is represented as a "hypothesis in reality", guided
by theories, speculations, estimates and years of individual and social development. Establishing
a control cycle that helps filter and select these profits can be an important step forward.
Realist review examines the connections between positioning, components, and download results
(occasionally circulated as a CMO), such as how certain situations involved) to create the
observed results. Its philosophical concept is authenticity, which accepts a presence outside the
real world ('real world') but which is 'separated' (e.g. seen, modified and answered) through
human discoveries, volitions, language and culture. Such humane treatment initiates a coherent
cycle of change evident in all social institutions, a necessary cycle that must be taken into
account when evaluating social projects.
Research philosophy
A research philosophy is a perception about how information about a phenomenon should be
gathered, analyzed and used. The term epistemology (that which is known to be valid) instead of
a psalm (what is assumed to be valid) includes the various reasoning methods of the method of
study.
There are 4 main trends of research philosophy:
1. Pragmatism: Research philosophy usually depends on the research problem. In this test
theory, the results are considered reasonably important. Practical people don't think they are that
close. Truly what it is now in real life; it does not depend on the brain which does not depend on
the real world and the psyche.
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2. Positivism: It promises to be visible in a social world. In this research reasoning, the
researcher is a target expert and, on the basis of this, separates himself from the single attributes
and works independently.
3. Realism: It is based on the standards of positivist and explanatory research methods.
Reasonable study reasoning depends on the assumptions needed to understand the emotional
nature of man.
4. Interpretivism: The reasoning of interpretative research is based on the rule that the expert
has a specific role in observing the social world. As indicated by this study theory, the test is
structured and based on the benefits of the expert.
The most suitable for realist review research is Realism research philosophy.
26

FINDINGS AND RESULTS
In an investigation work, finding is defined as an empirical facts which are encompasses
over information accumulated, evaluated and analysed which does not just rely over a
conclusion synthesizes and interprets the finding and makes a reasoned judgement that
corresponds to the project. Therefore, this area of investigation is effective in providing
significant direction to execute evaluation to established discussion over the study area. In the
context of this present research based on determining the aspect about the women portfolio
entrepreneurs’ journey and barriers”, findings are based over secondary aspects, thus in this case,
study and articles are implemented over describing the journey of women entrepreneur and the
issues they have been faced to approach growth and success. It is an important chapter that will
support an investigator in examining data or information related to the specific area. Data
analysis is necessary procedure of analysing the quantitative or qualitative information by
particular techniques. On the other hand, present research is based on the secondary research
method that assist an investigator in examining the qualitative as well as the secondary data
collected for doing literature review. In context to this, secondary sources of the data collection is
useful for an investigator in measuring the secondary information in systematic manner. For
doing this chapter, there has been different case studies and articles used through an investigator.
There are various challenges faced by women entrepreneurs such as Lack of confidence, finance
issues, lack of risk. There are some women who are scared of managing double burden and
moving forward for doing business. They lack confidence and it is essential to manage their role
for taking charge and doing successful business. Some women do not have enough finance for
starting new business. Risk taking people are the ones who can manage to become new
entrepreneurs. It is very important for the women entrepreneurs to take risk and manage to
conduct effective job role as entrepreneur within market.
Lack of confidence – There are few family members who hesitate to provide good opportunities
to women of their family to go out and start business. They hesitate to invest money in the
business venture initiated by women entrepreneurs. Bank and other Financial Institutions do not
consider Middle Class Women Entrepreneurs as proper applicants for setting up their projects
and they are hesitant to provide financial assistance to unmarried women or girls as they are
unsure as to who will repay the loan — Either their parents or in-laws after their marriage. This
27

humiliates unmarried women and they generally leave the idea of setting up their ventures. Some
of the examples Mompreneur ( mother entrepreneurs) - Rachell Bull, 2013, has stated that,
during the third instalment of the new women in event features, Archie Archer is recognised so
well as the founder and the managing director of Contraband. Therefore, it is now a well known
event and entertainment agency which was started as a market stall in Portobello. In the journey
of entrepreneur she has been facing the issue, being a single mother and rearrangement with the
continuous development of the business has been a widest challenge. She was glad to get an
opportunity to be involve with entertainment agency, which around the next twelve years grew
into a wide global corporate and Talent booking agency, which has its base office is in London,
giving work to over 6,000 artists a in a year and sold the business in September 2016 to be able
to spend more time with son. Kate Tompsett is a successful women entrepreneur that started their
business in 2012. Name of her business was Happy & Glorious. This business is an online brand
and sale British-made products to the customers. Over the next five years, Kate Tompsett expand
their business from a bedroom start-up to a bricks-and-mortar shop on a high street. It is one of
the quickest growing town in the United Kingdom, whilst continuing to run their website. She is
the independent business representative or entrepreneur on the Healthy High Street initiative
within Ashford, as well as regularly leads other independent entrepreneurs in the area within
cross-promotional events. Kate Tompsett designs different of her own products or services,
whilst continuing to sell work through other British designer-makers (Nouri, 2020). Inspired
through the fantastic products that are made within Britain, Kate Tompsett set-up their British-
made goods retail business to influence British manufacturing, cheer British talent, as well as
support her carbon footprint to a minimum. In year 2015 Kate Tompsett also set-up a bricks and
mortar store to accolade her online business. Main purpose of starting Happy & Glorious
business is to brings beautiful design-led gifts as well as products to customers in their home.
Kate Tompsett is the intelligence and marketing Editor at Secure Engineering within Maidstone,
Kent. They set up their Happy & Glorious business in 2012 and produce British-made products
and gifts for the home Online. She had worked in independent retail numerous years and was
ready to take the branch and plunge out of its own. She is a good leadership that is a biggest
point of its success and growth in marketplace. While, she started their business, she faced some
challenges such as, there is no red tape or chain of command. It is a biggest challenge for them
but she try their full efforts in setting their business successfully. Despite of this, Kate Tompsett
28

come up with an effective plan and execute this in successful manner. This helped them in
developing its Happy & Glorious business successfully. When starting their business, she was
taken support from their families and friends. They helped her by providing advise and huge
amount of positive vibes. This supported Kate Tompsett in development of its business
successfully as well as profitably. In order to attract customers, Kate Tompsett used to provide
products with effective design. This helped them in its growth and success in marketplace. Along
wit this, idea for developing Happy & Glorious online business was successful and today it is a
successful brand. In order to increase sales, she used motivational techniques and motivated their
customers by providing benefits, offers and discount. This is important for their business because
it increase awareness among customers that results in higher sales and growth. Thus, Kate
Tompsett is an entrepreneur that was successful because of designer and quality products offered
to the at affordable price. She was also successful because if their effective leadership that helps
in providing of appropriate guidance to the employees to lead customers effectively.
Finance issues - Finance is one of the major problems faced by women entrepreneurs. Both
family and government organizations should be liberal in providing financial assistance to them.
The financial issue affects a lot to the women who are in the process of becoming a successful
women entrepreneur. There is need to overcome the financial barriers as they will lead to
ineffectiveness of successful entrepreneurship. There is requirement of developing and managing
of finance so that new businesses can be started in effective manner. Michelle Mone is a women
entrepreneur was married to Michael Mone at age 19 and after the 20 years couple divorced in
Scotland. Mone obtained marketing job with Labatt brewing firm and risen to become marketing
head (Kate Jackson, 2020). There is financial problem faced by Michelle while becoming
entrepreneur. She is Scottish entrepreneur, designer, global speaker, parliamentarian and
innovator who has put lot of efforts for managing to become strong and successful entrepreneur.
She founded lingerie company Ultimo in year 2014. in context to her career, Mone obtained
marketing job with Labatt brewing firm and within the two years, had Mone realised that she
could make improvement in design. Her aim was to develop brassiere that was comfortable as
well as the better looking for increasing cleavage. She was awarded OBE for her outstanding
contribution towards business in year 2010 through Her Majesty The Queen. In year 2015,
Dowing Street announced elevation to peerage and she was appointed for conducting two part
review of government for PM David Cameron on start up of business in the deprived areas.
29

Steve Shirley is a women entrepreneur who after marriage to psychicist in year 1962, Shirley
founded with capital of the £6, software firm Freelance Programmers. The beneficiaries consists
Oxford Internet Institute and Worshipful Company of Information Technologists through Shirley
foundation. In year 2003, she received Beacon Fellowship Prize for her contribution to the
Autism research and pioneering work in the harnessing information techniques for public good.
In year 1991, She was rewarded honorary doctorate from University of the Buckingham since
Shirley has been honoured through Cambridge University and other 29 universities in UK. In
year 2013, Shirley was assessed one of 100 powerful women in United Kingdom through
Woman's Hour on B BC Radio 4. In January 2014, Science Council named her as “Top 100
practising scientists" in United Kingdom. In year 2018, Shirley was fellow of Computer History
Museum and became first woman to win lifetime achievement awarded of “Chartered
Management Institute” for stellar contribution to the British engineering and the technology.
Charitable foundation of Shirley spent out in year 2018. This made more than £67m grants as
well as initiated number of the projects which pioneering through nature, significant in monetary
context and strategic impact (Abubakar, 2015). It consists three main autism charities like
Autistic, Autism at the Kingwood and Prior court which employ together more than 1000 staff.
Motherhood is determined as the important phase of the every woman’s life. Here, it can be said
that after becoming mother roles and responsibility of the women increases day by day. The main
add on responsibility related to the women’s life is that they have to take care of the children
which ultimately diverts mindset of the women from their organisational work. This directly
places huge influence over the working practices of the female businesses. It can be said that
handling business, family and children at a same time makes the life of the female worst as they
are not able to the give appropriate level of time to each thing. In order to fulfil each thing in
appropriate manner mental pressure on the women increases day by day and also affects their
working potential in negative manner. Here, it has also been acknowledged that many of the
women faces range of problems related to the same as after getting mother their work gets
affected a lot (Alexander, 2020). This kind of influence is not always seen at their own level but
many a times, it has been acknowledged that people especially business associated people who
were initially supporting female portfolio entrepreneurs are now trusting on the same woman.
This directly results in the decline of female entrepreneurs’ morale as well as working potential
in negative manner. Reshmi Mukherjee is an entrepreneur, writer, soul traveller, fitness
30

enthusiast and much more. Reshmi Mukherjee is an entrepreneur, creative director and Co-
Founder at “The Buzz People” an advertising agency in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Typical
day of Reshmi Mukherjee starts off with a cup of coffee as well as scrolling via their emails. She
like to respond to emails/ pending work as and when it comes up. It is a result of being obsessive
about keeping their slate clean at all times. Women are more educated when they take work from
home because, they are free with any tensions occurred at home. Brigitte Bauman is the CEO and
Founder of Go beyond early stage investing. In year 2015 the European business angel network
named her European investor of the year. She was born in France, Brigitte and her family live in
Zurich. She was experienced a challenge while while brining new technologies to market in the
Europe and US. This challenge is the lack of knowledgeable staffs (Wolf, 2015).
Comparison between middle east and Europe
Middle east Europe
Women entrepreneur in middle east has more
opportunities of successfully starting their
business.
In this country also women has best chances to
set-up their business and achieve best
advantages within less period of time.
Technology is a common issue faced by
women entrepreneurs at middle east.
In Europe, technology is also considered as a
major issue for women entrepreneur.
Lack of risk. - Women face lot of competition from men. Due to limited mobility they find
difficult to compete with men. There is need to manage the risks effectively so that
entrepreneurship is developed among women. There are different women who took initiative for
taking risk and challenges for managing the business in proper manner. Sophia Amoruso stepped
down as Nasty Gal’s CEO as well as watched the business file for bankruptcy, but this was just a
setback and went on to create her new venture. There is women who has taken lot of risk and
challenges for managing the successful work. A successful entrepreneur naming Sophia
Amoruso is known as the successful founder of Nasty Gal, the vintage fashion brand that was
entire the rage around 2010. It was not easy to manage the achievement of successful business
and become entrepreneur. There are various challenges that are faced by Sophia while managing
business. Arianna Huffington was born in year 1950 in Greece and after some time she moved to
England. Arianna Huffington is the co-founder as well as former editor-in-chief of the successful
31

news website HuffPost. She also handles the wellness site Thrive Global and provides a six-week
course to enhance people’s overall well-being. She is also a successful entrepreneurs in the
world. Tamara Mellon was born on 1967 in London, England. Tamara Mellon is a successful
British fashion entrepreneur who co-founder of famous brand Jimmy Choo. Mellomn founded
her namesake footwear brand with the co-founder and CEO Jill Layfield and CDO Tania Spinelli
in year 2016. Mellon started her career at the Phyllis Walters Public Relations and in year 1991
was employed as accessories editor and also assistant to the Sarajane Hoare at British Vogue.
Tamara Mellon mainly approached shoe-maker Mr Jimmy Choo with with idea of the launching
ready- to- wear shoe organisation. As a co-founder of Jimmy Choo firm, Mellopn mainly secured
the funding from father for starting business and also sourced factories in the Italy. She finally
set up her office in Italy in order to handle production, shipping and quality control. Throughout
year 2001, Jimmy Choo firm had more than 1000 wholesale customers consisting Bergdorf
Goodman, Harvey Nichols, Harrods and Saks Fifth Avenue. First Jimmy Choo store on
Motcombe Street in London that mainly followed through stores in the New York, Beverly Hills
and Las Vegas. In year 2001, Jimmy Choo firm partnered with the Equinox Luxury Holdings
Ltd. Acquiring share of Mr. Jimmy Choo of ready to wear the business, Robert Bensoussan
become CEO of the Jimmy Choo firm that introducing the collection of small leather products
and handbag collection. In year 2004 November, firm valued at £101 million, Hicks Muse
announced majority acquisition of the Jimmy Choo company, Mellon made estimated £85
million from her sale of the Jimmy Choo in year 2011. in year 2007, Mellon appeared on Sunday
Times Rich List where Mellon was ranked as 751st richest person in United Kingdom with £99
million estimated wealth. In Britain, she was ranked 64th richest women. In year 2013, Mellon
stated that her luxury shoe brand would not buy from organisations that many be lacked female
staff member in executive role. Apparel and shoe brand of Mellon filed for the bankruptcy under
the Chapter 11 of bankruptcy code. Filing stated that firm has assets among $1 million and $10
million and among 100 and 199 creditors which are owned among $1 million and $10 million.
Mellon was mainly forced to file Under Section 11 following pressure from the angry investors
which predicted to lose around £2.7 million. Mellon was bailed out through American equity
company NEA with $10 million cash injection. After then in year 2016, Former backers of
Mellon filed objection to restructuring plans under the American bankruptcy protection laws. In
this, objection consists accusations of mismanagement and also abuse of firm consisting
32

employing life coach on payroll and also spending $100,000 on tickets to Met Gala in the New
York. In year 2016, this was revealed that Mellon is suing Jimmy Choo which alleging that firm
has blocked her from using the luxury shoemakers in Italy in order to produce own life. Mellon is
member of New Enterprise Council, entrepreneurs group advise Conservative party on the
policies concerned with business requirements. In year 2010, Mellon was named as "global trade
envoy for Britain" through British Government that intended to have "roving brief to promote
booming fashion industry overseas". She has served on Board of Directors for the Revlon in year
2018. In year 2014, Tamara Mellon received Women's Entrepreneurship Day Pioneer Award in
the recognition for achievements in the fashion. In the personal life, in 2013, Mellon published
autobiography 'In My Shoes' under which Mellon detailed her rise to the success and partnership
with the shoe- designer Jimmy Choo. It has been concluded that the most common reason a
woman remain less likely to start a business is due to her role of working as a family’s primary
caregiver. This is so because, juggling a demanding leadership role along with child care can be
difficult, emotionally fraught as well as also seems to be very much costly. The one of the major
barrier in front of a female founder is about the reality of losing all the control when she went for
a maternity leave which seems nearly impossible to get a proper break. These problems have to
be overcome by individuals for managing the successful entrepreneurship.
Examples of some women who have overcome these challenges and become successful
entrepreneurs is mentioned below -
Mompreneur ( mother entrepreneurs) - Rachell Bull
Rachell Bull, 2013, has stated that, during the third instalment of the new women in event
features, Archie Archer is recognised so well as the founder and the managing director of
Contraband. Therefore, it is now a well known event and entertainment agency which was started
as a market stall in Portobello. In the journey of entrepreneur she has been facing the issue, being
a single mother and rearrangement with the continuous development of the business has been a
widest challenge. In the year of 1995 Archie Archer has decided to take the business out and sold
all her worldly possessions and flew out to India with bag and of around £1,000 to setting up the
business and gain growth. With the high struggle within market and establishing effective
knowledge Archie Archer has start up Contraband International Ltd in the year of 2003 which is
now considered as the well known entertainment brand which supplies of around 6000
33

performers and participators to over 1500 events yearly and also attaining higher turnover in
excess of £2million. Archie archer has started working for her own self when she was just 20
year old, at the beginning she has started with hair braiding on the streets in Oxford, where she
was at Uni and then ran a market stalls within Camden Portobello. The efforts of Archie Archer
has relay through street trader to market stall holder, from manufacture in India to import and
export, from indoor exhibition and outdoor events trader and through mail orders business to
being a performer (Naser, 2018). Contraband was set up in the year of 2004 via considering the
birth of her son a year earlier. Therefore, now she has run a leading and fastest growing business
within entertainment and talent agency which rendering effective fun and entertainment more
than 1,500 events in London to Jamaica and everywhere in between. As per the journey analysis
of Archie Archer it has been said that, at the very first she used to be indulged in every segment
of market as she was working for her own and sold everything she had at the age of 22 and flew
to the another country for the purpose of making money and establishing own business. She
established a company with around £1,000 and £600 to live, therefore, she ended with the
manufacturing of fashion equipments or accessories for fashion retailers such as Top Shop, Miss
Selfridge. After that she was also worked with henna as a tattoo artist and also has a large team in
which boys and girls were involved and she was the trainer of them and also performed around
80 festivals as an artist at the situation when she was 8 month presentment with her son. After
than she has decided to change the work and pleasant to get a new chance, therefore, she was
glad to get an opportunity to be involve with entertainment agency, which around the next twelve
years grew into a wide global corporate and Talent booking agency, which has its base office is
in London, giving work to over 6,000 artists a in a year and sold the business in September 2016
to be able to spend more time with son.
Sophia Amoruso
Sophia Christina Amoruso was born in San Diego in California and then moved to the
Sacramento after High school. She was raised in Greek Orthodox Church. After being diseased
with the depression in her adolescence, she dropped out of the school and stated home-schooling
to aids cope with the problems. As young adult, Amoruso lived nomadic lifestyle, dumpster
driving, stealing and hitchhiking on West Coast (PAVITHRA MOHAN, 2020). Sophia Amoruso
had her fair share of knockbacks when building her empire but has since managed to pull through
and develop an inspiring brand for Millennials. In 2015, Sophia Amoruso stepped down as Nasty
34

Gal’s CEO as well as watched the business file for bankruptcy, but this was just a setback and
went on to create her new venture. Therefore, she is a successful entrepreneur. Sophia Amoruso
is known as the successful founder of Nasty Gal, the vintage fashion brand that was entire the
rage around 2010. Much like Silicon Valley’s classic tale of starting an enterprise from a garage,
Amoruso started Nasty Gal from her bedroom at the age of 22.
Arianna Huffington
Arianna Huffington was born in year 1950 in Greece and after some time she moved to
England. She earned N.A. In the economics. At the age of 21, she became president of
university’s debating society, The Cambridge Union. She was the first foreign and the third
female president of Cambridge union (Arianna Huffington, 2016). Arianna Huffington is the co-
founder as well as former editor-in-chief of the successful news website HuffPost. She also
handles the wellness site Thrive Global and provides a six-week course to enhance people’s
overall well-being. She is also a successful entrepreneurs in the world.
Tamara Mellon
Tamara Mellon was born on 1967 in London, England. She started her career at the
Phyllis Walters Public relations and was employed in year 1991 as accessories editor and also
assistant to Sarajane Hoare at British Vogue. She approached bespoke the shoe- maker MR
Jimmy Choo with idea of launching the ready to wear shoe firm (Stephanie Schomer, 2020).
Tamara Mellon is a successful British fashion entrepreneur who co-founder of famous brand
Jimmy Choo. Mellomn founded her namesake footwear brand with the co-founder and CEO Jill
Layfield and CDO Tania Spinelli in year 2016. Mellon started her career at the Phyllis Walters
Public Relations and in year 1991 was employed as accessories editor and also assistant to the
Sarajane Hoare at British Vogue. Tamara Mellon mainly approached shoe-maker Mr Jimmy
Choo with with idea of the launching ready- to- wear shoe organisation. As a co-founder of
Jimmy Choo firm, Mellopn mainly secured the funding from father for starting business and also
sourced factories in the Italy. She finally set up her office in Italy in order to handle production,
shipping and quality control. Throughout year 2001, Jimmy Choo firm had more than 1000
wholesale customers consisting Bergdorf Goodman, Harvey Nichols, Harrods and Saks Fifth
Avenue. First Jimmy Choo store on Motcombe Street in London that mainly followed through
stores in the New York, Beverly Hills and Las Vegas. In year 2001, Jimmy Choo firm partnered
35

with the Equinox Luxury Holdings Ltd. Acquiring share of Mr. Jimmy Choo of ready to wear the
business, Robert Bensoussan become CEO of the Jimmy Choo firm that introducing the
collection of small leather products and handbag collection. In year 2004 November, firm valued
at £101 million, Hicks Muse announced majority acquisition of the Jimmy Choo company,
Mellon made estimated £85 million from her sale of the Jimmy Choo in year 2011. in year 2007,
Mellon appeared on Sunday Times Rich List where Mellon was ranked as 751st richest person in
United Kingdom with £99 million estimated wealth. In Britain, she was ranked 64th richest
women. In year 2013, Mellon stated that her luxury shoe brand would not buy from organisations
that many be lacked female staff member in executive role.
In year 2015, Apparel and shoe brand of Mellon filed for the bankruptcy under the
Chapter 11 of bankruptcy code. Filing stated that firm has assets among $1 million and $10
million and among 100 and 199 creditors which are owned among $1 million and $10 million.
Mellon was mainly forced to file Under Section 11 following pressure from the angry investors
which predicted to lose around £2.7 million. Mellon was bailed out through American equity
company NEA with $10 million cash injection. After then in year 2016, Former backers of
Mellon filed objection to restructuring plans under the American bankruptcy protection laws. In
this, objection consists accusations of mismanagement and also abuse of firm consisting
employing life coach on payroll and also spending $100,000 on tickets to Met Gala in the New
York. In year 2016, this was revealed that Mellon is suing Jimmy Choo which alleging that firm
has blocked her from using the luxury shoemakers in Italy in order to produce own life.
Mellon is member of New Enterprise Council, entrepreneurs group advise Conservative
party on the policies concerned with business requirements. In year 2010, Mellon was named as
"global trade envoy for Britain" through British Government that intended to have "roving brief
to promote booming fashion industry overseas". She has served on Board of Directors for the
Revlon in year 2018. In year 2014, Tamara Mellon received Women's Entrepreneurship Day
Pioneer Award in the recognition for achievements in the fashion. In the personal life, in 2013,
Mellon published autobiography 'In My Shoes' under which Mellon detailed her rise to the
success and partnership with the shoe- designer Jimmy Choo.
Kate Tompsett
Kate Tompsett is a successful women entrepreneur that started their business in 2012.
Name of her business was Happy & Glorious. This business is a online brand and sale British-
36

made products to the customers. Over the next five years, Kate Tompsett expand their business
from a bedroom start-up to a bricks-and-mortar shop on a high street. It is one of the quickest
growing town in the United Kingdom, whilst continuing to run their website. She is the
independent business representative or entrepreneur on the Healthy High Street initiative within
Ashford, as well as regularly leads other independent entrepreneurs in the area within cross-
promotional events. Kate Tompsett designs different of her own products or services, whilst
continuing to sell work through other British designer-makers (Nouri, 2020). Inspired through
the fantastic products that are made within Britain, Kate Tompsett set-up their British-made
goods retail business to influence British manufacturing, cheer British talent, as well as support
her carbon footprint to a minimum. In year 2015 Kate Tompsett also set-up a bricks and mortar
store to accolade her online business. Main purpose of starting Happy & Glorious business is to
brings beautiful design-led gifts as well as products to customers in their home.
Kate Tompsett is the intelligence and marketing Editor at Secure Engineering within
Maidstone, Kent. They set up their Happy & Glorious business in 2012 and produce British-
made products and gifts for the home Online. She had worked in independent retail numerous
years and was ready to take the branch and plunge out of its own. She is a good leadership that is
a biggest point of its success and growth in marketplace. While, she started their business, she
faced some challenges such as, there is no red tape or chain of command. It is a biggest challenge
for them but she try their full efforts in setting their business successfully. Despite of this, Kate
Tompsett come up with an effective plan and execute this in successful manner. This helped
them in developing its Happy & Glorious business successfully. When starting their business,
she was taken support from their families and friends. They helped her by providing advise and
huge amount of positive vibes. This supported Kate Tompsett in development of its business
successfully as well as profitably. In order to attract customers, Kate Tompsett used to provide
products with effective design. This helped them in its growth and success in marketplace. Along
wit this, idea for developing Happy & Glorious online business was successful and today it is a
successful brand. In order to increase sales, she used motivational techniques and motivated their
customers by providing benefits, offers and discount. This is important for their business because
it increase awareness among customers that results in higher sales and growth. Thus, Kate
Tompsett is an entrepreneur that was successful because of designer and quality products offered
37

to the at affordable price. She was also successful because if their effective leadership that helps
in providing of appropriate guidance to the employees to lead customers effectively.
Michelle Mone
Michelle Mone was born in year 1971 in Scotland. She is only child after losing younger
brother to the spina bifida. She married Michael Mone at age 19 and after the 20 years couple
divorced in Scotland. Mone obtained marketing job with Labatt brewing firm and risen to
become marketing head (Kate Jackson, 2020). She is Scottish entrepreneur, designer, global
speaker, parliamentarian and innovator. She founded lingerie company Ultimo in year 2014. in
context to her career, Mone obtained marketing job with Labatt brewing firm and within the two
years, had Mone realised that she could make improvement in design. Her aim was to develop
brassiere that was comfortable as well as the better looking for increasing cleavage. She was
awarded OBE for her outstanding contribution towards business in year 2010 through Her
Majesty The Queen. In year 2015, Dowing Street announced elevation to peerage and she was
appointed for conducting two part review of government for PM David Cameron on start up of
business in the deprived areas.
In November 1996, Michelle Mone founded MJM International with husband Michale
and also three years of the research, development and design that resulted in Ultima Bra. In year
1999, Mone launched Ultimo at the Selfridge department in London. Couple developed MJM
company into £39m business. In United Kingdom, she is the successful designer and also her
designs can search in the department store in all over world. After this, breakdown of
relationship with husband, Mone left firm in year 2013 then she bought her husband out of the
MJM international. Business was mainly transferred to new joint venture firm Ultimo Brand
International limited in 49/51% partnership with the Sri Lankan-based MAS Holdings. In year
2014, Mone sold her stake in Ultimo Brands International to the 20% partner MAS holdings and
also established the fake-tan form Utan & Tone. August 2015, More resigned from directorship
position of both Ultimo Brands International and MJM International stated that she had "Hung
up her bra and sold 80% of Ultimo”. She explained 17 years of running Ultimo brand as "roller
coaster ride" and also was looking for the new chapter. She is highest paid business speakers in
United Kingdom seeking up to the £25,000 per speech in United Kingdom. More speaks around
globe with the success resources.
38

In context to politics, Long standing Labour party supporter like family withdrew her
support in year 2009 pledging leave United Kingdom were the Gordon Brown to enhance top
income tax rate to the 50% as she accused the PM Brown for mismanaging financed of United
Kingdom stating that More was disgusted through inept handling of government of economic
crisis. In 2012, More gave interview for The Sunday Times stating intention to move to the
England were Scotland to independent following 2014 Referendum. On August 2015, Dowing
street announced that the Mone would lead review into the small business and entrepreneurship
that focusing to set up small business into the deprived areas under Work and Pensions Secretary,
Iain Duncan Smith MP. In regards to this, some interactive questioned suitability for House of
Lords. The senior Scottish conversations criticised the action of Cameron explaining More as "a
public relations creation, personal brand rather than serious businesswoman. Michelle Mone was
interviewed for the YOU Magazine in year 2016 and later she told the peers that she was mainly
worried that she would not fit in at Lords but also said that every time they mainly try to be bring
down.
Steve Shirley
Steve Shirley was born in year 1933 as Vera era Buchthal to Arnold Buchthal, judge in
the Dortmund who was Jewish and lost post to Nazi regime and non-Jewish Viennese mother. In
July, 1939, Shirley arrived, at age of the five together with 9 year old sister in Britain. After
attending convent school, she moved to the Oswestry where she attended Oswestry girls High
school. After leaving school, she decided to not to go to University but employment in technical
environment (Lori Cameron, 2020). She is British information technology pioneer, philanthropist
and businesswoman. Steve Shirley went to become world largest freelance programmer and also
founded software firm F.I Group in 1962. This was revolutionary firm and writing the software
only outrageous proposition at time. In year 1962, having arrived in Britain as unaccompanied
child refugee. In year 1950, Steve Shirley worked at Post Office Research Station, building
computers from the writing codes and scratch in the machine language. Steve took the evening
classes for the sex years in order to obtain honours degree in the mathematics. After then in
1959, she moved to the CDL firm,designer of ICT 1301 computers. After marriage to psychicist
in year 1962, Shirley founded with capital of the £6, software firm Freelance Programmers.
Having the experienced sexism in workplace being pushed against wall, she needs to create
better job opportunities for the women with dependents and also employed women with the three
39

make programmers in first 300 staff until Sex Discrimination Act 1975 made that the practice
illegal. She adopted name Steve to help in male- dominated business. It provided that letters of
firm signed using real name that were not to be responded. Project of her team considered the
programming black box of Concorde flight recorded. Shirley served as independent non-
executive director for the Tandem Computers Inc., John Lewis Partnership and The Atomic
Energy Authority. In year 1993, Shirley retired at age of 60 and after than she focused on
philanthropy. Shirley received Bsc in year 1965 and appointed Officer of the Order of British
Empire (OBE) in 1980 Birthday Honours for the services to an industry, Member of Order of
Companions of Honour (CH) in year 2017 Birthday Honours for the services to IT industry as
well as philanthropy and Dame Commander of Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 2000 New
Year Honours for services to information technology. In year 1987, she gained Freedom of City
of London. She was the President of British computer society from the 1989 to year 1990 and
Master of IT livery livery firm 1992/93. In year 1985, Shirley was awarded Recognition of the
Information Award. In year 2001, Shirley was appointed Fellow of Royal Academy of the
Engineering and Birkbeck college. She was donated her wealth to charity. The beneficiaries
consists Oxford Internet Institute and Worshipful Company of Information Technologists
through Shirley foundation. In year 2003, she received Beacon Fellowship Prize for her
contribution to the Autism research and pioneering work in the harnessing information
techniques for public good. In year 1991, She was rewarded honorary doctorate from University
of the Buckingham since Shirley has been honoured through Cambridge University and other 29
universities in UK. In year 2013, Shirley was assessed one of 100 powerful women in United
Kingdom through Woman's Hour on B BC Radio 4. In January 2014, Science Council named her
as “Top 100 practising scientists" in United Kingdom. In year 2018, Shirley was fellow of
Computer History Museum and became first woman to win lifetime achievement awarded of
“Chartered Management Institute” for stellar contribution to the British engineering and the
technology.
Charitable foundation of Shirley spent out in year 2018. This made more than £67m
grants as well as initiated number of the projects which pioneering through nature, significant in
monetary context and strategic impact (Abubakar, 2015). It consists three main autism charities
like Autistic, Autism at the Kingwood and Prior court which employ together mire than 1000
staff.
40

Reshmi Mukherjee
She is an entrepreneur, writer, soul traveller, fitness enthusiast and much more. Reshmi
Mukherjee is an entrepreneur, creative director and Co-Founder at “The Buzz People” an
advertising agency in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Typical day of Reshmi Mukherjee starts off
with a cup of coffee as well as scrolling via their emails. She like to respond to emails/ pending
work as and when it comes up. It is a result of being obsessive about keeping their slate clean at
all times. Women are more educated when they take work from home because, they are free with
any tensions occurred at home.
Brigitte Baumann
She is the CEO and Founder of Go beyond early stage investing. In year 2015 the
European business angel network named her European investor of the year. She was born in
France, Brigitte and her family live in Zurich. She was experienced a challenge while while
brining new technologies to market in the Europe and US. This challenge is the lack of
knowledgeable staffs (Wolf, 2015).
Comparison between middle east and Europe
Middle east Europe
Women entrepreneur in middle east has more
opportunities of successfully starting their
business.
In this country also women has best chances to
set-up their business and achieve best
advantages within less period of time.
Technology is a common issue faced by
women entrepreneurs at middle east.
In Europe, technology is also considered as a
major issue for women entrepreneur.
41

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion
This is the important area of an investigation, thus it is effective in providing detailed
analysis over a specified area to conduct summary which helps in determining the outcome. The
existing chapter of research represent overall summary of evaluation that was carried out in other
areas (Bourne, 2016). In the context of this present analysis based on the area of determining the
aspect of women portfolio entrepreneurs’ journey and barriers, conclusion has been drawn over
the outcome of the project which are analyses from the previous attempted chapters. However,
the study provides detailed summary about the suitable journey of women entrepreneur and the
barriers they have faced in their journey to gain success and stardom (Lock and Smith, 2016).
The information collected in literature review by using the secondary sources like books, articles,
journals and some other sources. In literature review part examined about the concept of the
women portfolio (Pedersen and Netter, 2015). The importance of women portfolio in any
industry and also the different challenges faced through female while being an entrepreneur has
been discussed in detailed manner. There has been examined about difference among an
entrepreneur, a serial entrepreneur and a portfolio entrepreneur. There has been examined that is
motherhood a barrier in creating a career in women portfolio entrepreneurship industry.
On the basis of the analysis of the above mentioned study it has been concluded that,
women entrepreneurship is defined as an effective procedures in which women initiates an
organization or businesses, collect information and undertake issues, face challenges, renders
employment to others and manages the business independently (Moroney O'Reilly and
O'Shaughnessy, 2016). As per the analysis of the past history in context to women, it has been
evaluated that, previously women are not perceived attention in the field of business and market,
thus they are being dominated by the males at homes and are caged at their houses and are nor
really having the opportunities to get education and success in their life (Mazonde, 2016).
Therefore, with the passing of time women are now aware about their rights and also taking
initiates in receiving education or using their capabilities to attain growth and success in their life
span (Kebaili and et. al., 2015). Thus, through analysis of their very nature, these entrepreneurs
are considered as more experienced than their novice counterparts and studying them needs to be
heightening apprehension of entrepreneurship. Female portfolio entrepreneur are recognized as
42

the ladies who have at least two organizations at their own level. Moreover, it very well may be
additionally said that individuals just saw ladies as the home creator in the prior time. Be that as
it may, presently, with the persistent based advancement ladies are getting redirected towards the
business world and contribute their own offer in the improvement of the general public by
bringing developments at customary premise and contributing in the financial development of the
country as well (RANI, 2015).
Research limitation
In this, there are many limitation of secondary method of research for an instance
information or data regarding topic that many not accurate as the secondary information and data
can be general and vague. These generally support firms with the decision-making and the
information can be out of the data. There is no need to chose sample as the present information is
based on the secondary research. On the other hand, main limitation is related to availability of
the old information and also less authentication (Zangirolami-Raimundo, Echeimberg and Leone,
2018).
5.2 Recommendation
This is the another imperative chapter of a dissertation which is significant in providing
future consideration to the business to attain growth and success. Therefore, in this section,
suggestions are provided for further changes that are quite imperative in nature to provide
suitable growth and development (Loeffen, 2016). In the assessment of this present area based on
examining the aspect of women portfolio entrepreneurs’ journey and barriers, recommendations
are effective in case of providing suitable suggestions to the women to make changes and attain
more advancement and progression.
43

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