Impact of Workplace Discrimination on Employee Efficiency at ASDA
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This research study investigates the impact of workplace discrimination on employee efficiency at ASDA, a famous British supermarket. It aims to determine the reasons behind workplace discrimination, identify the issues faced by employees, and explore alternative ways to overcome discrimination.
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Contents INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................3 Research aims....................................................................................................................................3 Research objectives...........................................................................................................................3 Research questions............................................................................................................................3 Rationale of research.........................................................................................................................4 LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................................4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................6 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTRERETATION...................................................................................9 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...............................................................................20 REFLECTION AND ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................22
Title: “To investigate the impact of workplace discrimination over the employee’s efficiency level at working area”. A study of ASDA. INTRODUCTION In a globalised world, discrimination at workplace is one of the major issues that faced by majority of organisation because they focus on inviting diverse workforce for attaining their set goals and objectives in an effective way. As workplace discrimination is based on different prejudices when an employee treated unfavourable due to culture, gender, age, disability and many more. All these are put negative impact over the performance of employees(Schilpzand, De Pater and Erez, 2016). Thus, it is crucial for organization to promote equality at working area so that employees can easily perform their task activities. With the help of this, company can reduce employee turnover and at the same time also may develop their positive performance. Current report is based on ASDA, is a famous British supermarket operate their business in over the world. Company was founded in 1949 with the aim of generating larger profitability level at market place. Mainly, firm offer grocery, general merchandise and financial services that help in attaining success at market place. Research aims To investigate the impact of workplace discrimination over the employee’s efficiency level at working area”. A study of ASDA. Research objectives To determine the reason why workplace discrimination is major issue at working area. To identify the issues faced by workforce due to workplace discrimination within the ASDA. To access the alternative ways by which company can overcome from the issue of workplace discrimination. Research questions Why workplace discrimination is considered a major issue within the business organization? What are the issues faced by workforce due to workplace discrimination within the ASDA? What kind of alternative ways used by company to overcome from the issue of workplace discrimination?
Rationale of research The main purpose of undertaking this research is to analyse the impact of workplace discrimination over the employee’s performance. It provides vast information to investigator towards the research topic and area. Mainly, it is also beneficial in attaining success within the research activities(Agbozo and et. al., 2017). With the help of this, it contributes improving researcher skills and knowledge that may contributes in attaining positive and reliable outcomes. One of the main advantages of undertaking this research is to provide wider information about the data that contributes in improving performance of the company at wider market. LITERATURE REVIEW Reason why workplace discrimination is major issue at working area According toDeCenzo, Robbins and Verhulst, (2016),discrimination is an act, under which because of a prejudice, some amount of people discriminates with other individual or with a particular group. This can be based on age, gender, class, community, religion etc., Thus, this kind of workplace discrimination act as an issue because it can give rise to common source of stress to employees working within the organisation. Cause of workplace discrimination can be many like pre-employment screening: under which according to economic status groups are developed and further action of discrimination takes place. This can have an impact on the business of a company both internally and externally. For example:if the act of discrimination is associated with an individual that it can have a metal health issues like depression and anxiety and because of this his/her productivity level can get down and furthermore, it can lead a person towards substance abuse. Individual can develop a thinking like he/she is not required by the company and they can moreover, dissatisfy with the work they are doing. Now, in context with a company, because of the lower productivity level the time which was use to be taken for doing a particular activity can now take more time therefore, providing effective services and facilities to customers can be disturbed. As a result, company can face low profit level and a shift in market share can be seen. Therefore, it is important that company look at the issue before it gets too late. Issues faced by workforce due to workplace discrimination within the ASDA According to the viewpoint ofJung and Yoon, (2016), Companies that prefer diversity in workplace face issues related to this every time and each day. Some think that it provides
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positive outcomes but some believe that having a diverse workforce always provides negative outcomes. Basically, discrimination is an act where people or a cluster of individuals are treated unequally and this can be on the basis of gender, race, economy etc., Therefore, considering this some of the issues are described below for better understanding: Acceptance and Respect:While working in a diverse environment one of the fundamental values which is required is respect among employees and other staff members. Thus, when there is a lack of difference and acceptance is denied than there can be possibility that issue of workplace discrimination arises. However, if all these factors are accepted than a better environment at workplace can be established. Ethics and Cultural Differences:Even though most of the companies are operating their business at global level the issue of workplace discrimination is still present. There are people who have a prejudice against a particular class, gender, race, community etc., therefore, to avoid this company should have a strong company policy which incorporates clear objectives, rules and regulations. PhysicalandMentaldisabilities:Disabledpeoplearetheeasyvictimof discrimination because they face difficulties in navigating workplace and this happens due to improper accommodations like ramps for wheelchairs. Thus, this creates issues for them and later in workplace. As a result, disturbed employee can give unproductive output. Generation gap:In today’s scenario, most of the people working in corporate sector are millennials and there it has been estimated that by 2025 it will rise upto 75%. Thus, companies who are operating at large scale have more diversified age groups if proper balance is not maintained than it can create issue for the company.For example:convincing people to work for a common can become difficult for the company. Therefore, it is important that of a company is providing a diverse workforce than they have proper strategies for controlling workplace discrimination and this should be done from a very beginning i.e. from recruitment and selection process. Alternativewaysbywhichcompanycanovercomefromtheissueofworkplace discrimination As per the thought ofBarak, (2016), Dealing with workplace discrimination is very important because it can put an adverse effect on the individual and company itself. There are many ways through which a company can have a control over the issues. Some of them are
regulated by governing bodies and needs to be incorporated by the organisation whereas, some needs to be included by corporation itself. Thus, some of the alternative ways are mentioned below to understand the same in an efficient manner: Training:With the help of this, all the policies, rules and regulations can be explained to employee as well as employer so that they can be familiar with the laws. Moreover, through training process company can try to establish a better relationship between workers who are working within the organisation. As a result, this will help employees in developing a proper understanding towards other or for any particular group or anything. Company policies:in order to have a control over workplace place discrimination, company policies play a crucial role. This includes code of ethics and code of conducts which determine how a person will behave within the organisation and any rules and regulations are violated than what kind of punishment will be given to the culprit. Thus, all the policies incorporated should be appropriate and must be explained in the hiring process so that an individual perform his/her activity considering the same. Proper conduction of hiring process:If the initial step is good then the final outcomes will be excellent. Thus, in order to hire employees for the company if the recruitmentpanel only look for candidateswho are best suited according to the job requirements than, there might be a possibility that to some extent workplace discrimination can be solved. Therefore, company should make sure that the selected candidate best fits for the job. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research is conducted in order to find out things which can be further studied so as to know the existence behind that particular study. Research methodology, helps the researcher in doing so because it is determined as a process in which with the help of certain tools and technologies investigator perform the activities. Thus, it assists in achieving the set aims and objectives in a particular time frame(Van Wingerden, Derks and Bakker, 2017). Therefore, in order to do a researcher, first a hypothetical base is being prepared moreover, it helps in determining if any kind of changes are required or needs to be undertaken. Research Philosophy
Research philosophy, is said to be a believe which generally includes all the activities that a researcher can adopt in order to conduct the research. Basically, research philosophy is categorised under into two kinds. Interpretivism:This is simply including, human behaviour and the way of their thinking which means what a person will assume will be considered as their thoughts for a particular topic or study. Positivist:This is commonly used by any research because it has the tendency of conducting the research in natural science(Islam and Saha, 2016). Thus, it can be said that information gathered from this are factual and further helps the investigator in having a thorough observation. Therefore, with the help of certain sets of questions i.e. questionnaires a hypothesis can be developed and validity and reliability are measured. Henceforth,toundertakethisresearchpositivistapproachwillbetakeninto considerationand thereason behindthisisbecauseof rationalandlogicalapproach constituted by positivist. Moreover, researcher believes that with the help of this they can provide a better explanation. Research Approach Any activity, if it is done in a systematic manner with proper planning than it is determined as an act of perfection. Research approach is said to be a blueprint which provides a guideline regarding what all activities are need to be done first following by other tasks. Thus, it will be right to say that research approach builds a philosophical foundation for the researcher. Generally, there are two types of research approach and these are” Deductive:While doing a research there are many thoughts that comes directly into the minds of a researcher. Thus, deductive approach assists in finding answers for those questions whether it is required to answer or not. Therefore, this approach starts with a hypothetical base and further assist in attaining all the aims and objectives. Inductive:In this approach researcher first starts to gather information which is mostly related to the specific topic of the study. However, most of the activity is done through observation so that a better outcome is estimated(Rhee, Hur and Kim, 2017). Moreover, on the basis of information gathered researcher tries to develop theories.
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Therefore, in order to do this research deductive approach will be used as it will assist in determining a relationship between different variables and if any kind of hypothesis is available than it helps in establishing a control over testing the same. Source of Data Collection This determines from where the researcher will gather information for conducting the research in an efficient manner. If talking about sources of data collection it is of two types and both are explained below: Primary data collection:with the help of this method researcher gathers information regarding a specific topic for the first time and data that are collected are not being used by any other resources(Tracy, 2019). Moreover, researcher uses different kinds of methods in order to do so and these are interviews, questionnaire, surveys and many more. Secondary data collection:In this data and information are collected from different sources mostly, consider the thoughts and views of other researchers. However, all the information is collected from books, journals, magazines etc., Moreover, it assists researcher in increasing the sphere of knowledge and to make the literature review more reliable and valid. Therefore, for doing this research both primary as well as secondary method of data collection will be chosen in order to make this research effective. Research Choice Research can be valid and reliable if, the researcher made the right choice and there can be a possibility that, an investigator has a lot of choices and choosing from the same can be difficult for them. Thus, in order to do this researchmulti-method of quantitative studies will be taken into consideration. Moreover, representing the gathered information in a statistical form can eb easily understood by human behaviour. Research Strategy Strategy is something which is developed in order to do an activity step-by-step. In relation with research strategy it can be said that it includes all the directions, efforts, thoughts etc., in order to determine a quality result. When talking about research strategy it is of two types and these are survey and experimental. Therefore, for doing this research which is positivist and all the information are gathered are in quantitative form than, survey research
strategy is being taken into consideration because it assists investigator in analysing any kind oflinksavailablebetweenthetheoriesofthespecifictopic(Babalola,2016).Thus, accordingly on the basis of research topic set of questions are formed. Research Design There are generally three types of research design and these are experimental, exploratory and descriptiveand in order to do this research exploratory method was undertaken because it will help researcher in having in-depth knowledge from the data collected and gathered. Sampling In order to continue the process of research, data collection is very important and this is gathered from population. Thus, sampling is the process under which a sample size is taken because collecting information from the entire population is not an easy task(Wombacher and Felfe, 2017). Generally, there are two kinds of sampling i.e.probability sampling:in which every individual has an equal chance of getting selected.Non-probability sampling: this shows a biased nature because there might be a possibility that selected samples are chosen by the researcher himself/herself. Henceforth,forconductingthisresearch,researcherwillconsiderprobability sampling and that too random sampling which is a component of probability sampling. Sample size will be 40 which is employees of the company and also having enough knowledgeabouttheresearchtopici.e.impactofworkplacediscriminationoverthe employee performance. Research Ethics When doing a research there are certain ethics which needs to be followed by a researcher so that the research can be done in an appropriate manner without hurting other’s viewsandthoughts.Therefore,fordoingthisresearchalltheethicswastakeninto consideration like not revealing the identify of respondent and furthermore, information gathered was also not revealed. Research Limitations As a researcher, the main limitation which they can face is time and money because there can be some instance where for doing a research, an investigator is provided in
insufficient time(Albrecht and Marty, 2020). Moreover, for gathering information funds can be limited and this can put an adverse impact on the research. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTRERETATION Questionnaire Q1) Do you have any idea about workplace discrimination? a)Yes b)No Q2)DoespromotingequalityiscrucialforASDAtoreduceworkplace discrimination? a)Yes b)No Q3) According to you, what is the impact of workplace discrimination over the company performance? a)Yes b)No Q4) What are the major drawbacks of workplace discrimination faced by employees within ASDA? a)Create stress b)Reduce morale and motivation c)Create issues among workers Q5) What kind of alternative ways implement by ASDA to overcome from issue of workplace discrimination? a)Proper training and development program b)Regular communication with employees c)Analyse employee performance Q6) As per your views, on which basis workers are discriminated at working area? a)Age b)Gender c)Culture Q7) Does implementation of employment equity policy is important for company to protect workers from any kind of discrimination? a)Yes b)No
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Q8) Does training and development programs help in promoting equality within the ASDA? a)Yes b)No Q9) What are the advantage acquire by ASDA after overcoming from workplace discrimination? a)Improve employee performance b)Build positive relation c)Boost workers motivation Q10) Suggest the ways that can be implement by business organization with the aim of managing equality at working area. Data sheet Q1) Do you have any idea about workplace discrimination?Frequency a)Yes30 b)No10 Q2) Does promoting equality is crucial for ASDA to reduce workplace discrimination? Frequency a)Yes25 b)No15 Q3)Accordingtoyou,whatistheimpactofworkplace discrimination over the company performance? Frequency a)Yes30 b)No10 Q4)Whatarethemajordrawbacksofworkplace discrimination faced by employees within ASDA? Frequency a)Create stress20 b)Reduce morale and motivation10 c)Create issues among workers10 Q5) What kind of alternative ways implement by ASDA to overcome from issue of workplace discrimination? Frequency a)Proper training and development program15 b)Regular communication with employees15
c)Analyse employee performance10 Q6)Asperyourviews,onwhichbasisworkersare discriminated at working area? Frequency a)Age10 b)Gender20 c)Culture10 Q7)Doesimplementationofemploymentequitypolicyis important for company to protect workers from any kind of discrimination? Frequency a)Yes30 b)No10 Q8)Doestraininganddevelopmentprogramshelpin promoting equality within the ASDA? Frequency a)Yes30 b)No10 Q9) What are the advantage acquire by ASDA after overcoming from workplace discrimination? Frequency a)Improve employee performance15 b)Build positive relation15 c)Boost workers motivation10 Theme 1: Awareness about workplace discrimination. Q1) Do you have any idea about workplace discrimination?Frequency a)Yes30 b)No10
30 10 a)Yesb)No Interpretation:From the above-mentioned graph it has been analysed that workplace discrimination is one of the major concerns for every business organization as it may reduce the employee’s productivity level. In this regard, 30 out of 40 respondents give their views thatworkplacediscriminationismajorissuethatnegativelyimpactoverworkers performance at working area. Apart from this, rest of 10 participants are not agree with this statement as they are not aware about the workplace discrimination. Theme 2: Promoting equality is crucial for ASDA to reduce workplace discrimination. Q2) Does promoting equality is crucial for ASDA to reduce workplace discrimination? Frequency a)Yes25 b)No15 25 15 a)Yesb)No
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Interpretation:As per discussed graphical representation promoting equality at working area is important because it help in improving the overall performance level of the company and its workers as well. By providing equal treatment to all employee’s company can easily enhance their productivity level. In this, 25 out of 40 people give their views that promoting equality is important for company in managing employee’s performance. One of the main advantages of promoting equality is to reduce employee turnover that support in attaining success at market place. On the other side, remaining 15 participants said that promoting equality not more effective that may improve their performance. Theme 3: Impact of workplace discrimination over the company performance. Q3)Accordingtoyou,whatistheimpactofworkplace discrimination over the company performance? Frequency a)Yes30 b)No10 30 10 a)Yesb)No Interpretation:In business organization, workplace discrimination is one of the major issues that negatively impact over company performance. Thus, it is crucial for company in manging equality at working area that may assist in reducing turnover of employees within the business organization. This can be beneficial in enhancing productivity level and at the same time also managing positive working environment. In this context, 30 people give their views that workplace discrimination put huge impact over the performance level of the company. On the other side, rest of 10 participants are not agree with this statement. Theme 4: Major drawbacks of workplace discrimination faced by employees within ASDA.
Q4)Whatarethemajordrawbacksofworkplace discrimination faced by employees within ASDA? Frequency a)Create stress20 b)Reduce morale and motivation10 c)Create issues among workers10 20 10 10 a)Createstressb)Reducemoraleandmotivation c)Createissuesamongworkers Interpretation: From the above-mentioned graphical representation it has been evaluated that workplace discriminationis major challenge for business organization as it faced by workers at the time. Thus, it is crucial for company to effectively manage discrimination and also ensure that all the workers should treated equally at working area. In this, 20 people think that it creates stress among employees that reduce their performance level. Along with this, 10 participants give their views that workplace discrimination also reduce motivation and morale of employees in which they fail in attaining their set goals and objectives in an effective manner. Apart from this, rest of 10 participants said that it may also create issues amongworkersthatreducetheircompany.Allthesearenegativeimpactoverthe performance of the company and also increase employee turnover. Theme 5: Alternative ways implement by ASDA to overcome from issue of workplace discrimination. Q5) What kind of alternative ways implement by ASDA to overcome from issue of workplace discrimination? Frequency a)Proper training and development program15 b)Regular communication with employees15 c)Analyse employee performance10
15 15 10 a)Propertraininganddevelopmentprogram b)Regularcommunicationwithemployees c)Analyseemployeeperformance Interpretation:From the preceding graphical representation it has been evaluated that there are various ways that can be implement by company in overcoming from the issue of workplacediscrimination.Withtheassistanceofthis,companycanimprovetheir performance level and at the same time also may enhance the positive brand image at market place. In this, 15 out of 40 people said that providing proper training and development programs is effective way that may support in improving employees’ skills and abilities towards the set goals and objectives in an effective manner. Along with this, 15 respondents think that regular communication with workers is also an effective way that help in managing theissueofworkplacediscriminationatworkingarea.Furthermore,remaining10 participants give their views that analysing employees performance is an appropriate way that may contributes in attaining success at competitive market place. Theme 6: Basis workers are discriminated at working area. Q6)Asperyourviews,onwhichbasisworkersare discriminated at working area? Frequency a)Age10 b)Gender20 c)Culture10
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10 20 10 a)Ageb)Genderc)Culture Interpretation:From the preceding graphical representation it has been evaluated that there is various basis of discrimination that arise at working area. In this context, 10 people give their that age is one of the major factors on which employees get discriminated that may affect the employee performance. Along with this, 20 participants think their views that gender is also a major basis on which employees get discriminated in which male and female are discriminated that put negative impact over the performance of the company. On the other hand, 10 respondents think that culture is major basis that create issues among employees at working area. All these are negatively impact on the performance level of the company and its workers. Theme 7: Implementation of employment equity policy is important for company to protect workers from any kind of discrimination. Q7)Doesimplementationofemploymentequitypolicyis important for company to protect workers from any kind of discrimination? Frequency a)Yes30 b)No10
30 10 a)Yesb)No Interpretation:Inbusinessorganization,implementingemploymentequitypolicyis significant because it helps in spreading equality at workplace. In this context, company is responsible for managing employee’s performance level. Thus, it is crucial for firm to implement equity policy is effective in improving employee’s performance level at working area. With the help of this, company may reduce their employee’s turnover by motivating and encouraging workers towards the set target so that they can easily attain their targets in a stipulated time frame. In this, 30 out of 40 people think that implementing employment equity is beneficial for company in improving employee’s performance. On the other side, remaining 10 participants are not favour with this statement as it does not protect workers from any kind of discrimination at working area. Theme 8: Training and development programs help in promoting equality within the ASDA. Q8)Doestraininganddevelopmentprogramshelpin promoting equality within the ASDA? Frequency a)Yes30 b)No10
30 10 a)Yesb)No Interpretation: From the above-mentioned graph it has been evaluated that training and development programs play a crucial role in business organization as it helps in improving employees’ skills and abilities to do their best at working area. In this, 30 out of 40 people givetheirviewsthatprovidingtraininganddevelopmentprogramsmaysupportin developing employee’s performance at the same time also promote equality at working area. By this, workers can share positive relation with each-others and attain their targets in stipulated time frame. On the other side, rest of 10 participants are not agree with this theme. Theme9:AdvantageacquirebyASDAafterovercomingfromworkplace discrimination. Q9) What are the advantage acquire by ASDA after overcoming from workplace discrimination? Frequency a)Improve employee performance15 b)Build positive relation15 c)Boost workers motivation10
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15 15 10 a)Improveemployeeperformanceb)Buildpositiverelation c)Boostworkersmotivation Interpretation: As per preceding graphical representation it can be analysed that, promoting equality and managing workplace discrimination is important for business organization as it help in improving employee performance. After overcoming issue of workplace there are various advantage that help business organization in attaining higher success at market place. In this regard, 15 out of 40 said that it helps in improving employee performance by providing them equal opportunities at working area. 15 people think that it may support in building positive relation among all the workers. Apart from this, rest of 10 respondents give their views that by overcoming from workplace discrimination help in boosting employees motivation that contributes in accomplishing positive image of company at market place. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Conclusion From the above report, it has been analysed that managing workplace discrimination and maintaining a better workplace for an individual is very important. If it is not done properly that it can have an impact on an individual’s performance and consequently on the company as well. With the increase in globalisation and including diverse workforce, workplace discrimination has become a major issue. It is not only decreasing the productivity level of the person but also affecting the growth of company also. Therefore, it is important to identify the issues and eliminate them in quick time. Moreover, in order to do this, a company cam adopt for alternative ways through which all the things can be managed and looked properly. Conclusion on the basis of questionnaire
In this globalised world where having information regarding a specific topic is not difficult. Thus, according to the information gathered it has been evaluated most of the respondents are aware about workplace discrimination as 30 out of 40 respondents has chosen “Yes” as their options. Along with this, they also believe that promoting equality in the workplace plays a crucial role in minimising workplace discrimination as maximum number of participants were in favour of “Yes”. Workplace discrimination puts a great impact on the behaviour of an individual and its bad implication can be seen physically and mentally and according to the responses given, “create stress” among individual is the major drawback as 20 of the respondents are in favour of this. Whereas, other two options i.e. “reduce morale and motivation” and “create issues among workers” got 10 each. Company should primarily work on identifying the alternative ways with the help of which issues related to workplace discrimination can be reduced. Therefore, according to the responses they think that by providing appropriate training and development programme company can achieve what they want because 15 respondents think like that. Moreover, having effective communication process is very helpful and 15 number of respondents are in favour of this. Discrimination can be on the basis of many factors but 20 of the respondents believe thatgenderdiscriminationiscommonandalmosteverythirdpersonfacethesame. Moreover, with maximum respondents i.e. 30 they think that by implementing equality policy withing the company, company can protect workers from any kind of discrimination. Therefore,managingalltheworkplacediscriminationcompanycanhavecompetitive advantage and 15 out of 40 respondents agree with the fact that it will improve the performance of employees. Recommendation Company can only perform well in global market when all the issues or problems are solved with a specific time frame. Thus, in order to do so it is important that company takes appropriate steps according to the requirement of situations. Moreover, it will help company in providing a better workplace to employees who are working within the organisation. Therefore, some of the recommendation are provided which company can consider for better outcomes. Company should have a written policy, including all the elements that needs to be considered for working within the corporation. All the rules and regulations should be
constructed in such a manner that it doesn’t provide advantage to any individual or a group of people. While recruiting or hiring an individual, company should tell about all the norms, rules and regulations to the selected candidates so that he/she can have a proper understanding for the same. Moreover, they should be told about code of ethics and consequences if they do not follow it properly. Company must conduct group activities on a regular basis so that, every individual can become aware about other people and their pre-determinethought can be removed. This will furthermore help employees in developing a better understanding for one another. However, company should also provide appropriate training to employees in which they should be given appropriate time for understanding the behaviour of another person. Therefore, all the points given above can help company in managing and providing a better workplace for employees and its result can be seen in the productivity level of company as well as on individual. REFLECTION AND ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research is being done in order to have a proper understanding regarding a specific topic or things that have not been explored yet and needs to be explored. Doing this research, helped me in enhance my exiting knowledge regarding workplace discrimination. It made me understand that globalisation has not provide positive outcomes but it has given some negative outcomes and workplace discrimination is one of them. While doing this research I faced difficulty in managing my time and cost because both the factors were limited. As this was a survey and it requires a lot of time and because of this expense also increases. Even though I was facing this issue but I did my research without compromising its authenticity. All the information gathered and provided are true, valid and reliable. Moreover, talking about expenses my mentor, colleagues helped me out with the same. However, as an alternative method of research I was having many options but if I would have a choice, I would have selected interview as my alternative method, reason behind this is because it provides with in-depth knowledge and respondents feel free to give answers according to their perceptions and thoughts. Therefore, evaluating and getting better outcomes becomes easier.
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