Role of equality and diversity practices in eliminating workplace discrimination

This research project explores the role of equality and diversity practices in eliminating workplace discrimination, with a focus on Cadbury. It examines the importance of equality and diversity, challenges faced by Cadbury, and the link between adoption of these practices and reduction of discrimination.

Research Project

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................4
1.1 Research proposal..............................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................................................7
2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Literature review...............................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................................9
3.1 Research Approaches.........................................................................................................................9
3.2 Methodologies...................................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 4: DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS.........................................................................11
4.1 Data collection.................................................................................................................................11
4.2 Data analysis, presentation and discussion......................................................................................11
5.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................23
5.2 Recommendations...........................................................................................................................23
CHAPTER 6: PERSONAL REFLECTIVE STATEMENT......................................................................24
6.1 Reflect on research methods............................................................................................................24
6.2 Consider research methods that could have been used.....................................................................24
6.3 Areas for further investigation.........................................................................................................24
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................25

Title: Role of equality and diversity practices in eliminating workplace discrimination.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research proposal
a) Overview of project
Discrimination is defined as prejudicial treatment in workplace which may impact on
firing, hiring, salary and training on the basis of gender, sexual orientation, age, religion gender,
disabilities and some other characteristics. Cadbury is British multinational confectionery form
that is wholly owned through the Mondelez International since year 2010. The main focus on
Cadbury is to treating all culture and background people equally. The workplace discrimination
develops the negative impact on the performance level of the staff members and organization. In
order to eliminate the workplace discrimination, equality and diversity practices main role
(Adesoye and et. al., 2017). Its main focus on removing the discrimination from workplace and
also develop the positive working environment.
b) Research Aim and Objectives
Aim
To analyses the role of equality and diversity practices in eliminating workplace discrimination.
A study on Cadbury.
Research Objectives:
• To determine the importance of equality and diversity within an organisation.
• To identify the challenges that Cadbury may face due to workplace discrimination.
• To ascertain relation between equality and diversity practices and reduction of
workplace discrimination.
Research Questions
• Describe about main benefits that equality and diversity practices provide to an
organization?
• What are major issues related with workplace discrimination that Cadbury may face?

• What is the link between adoption of equality and diversity practices and
minimization of workplace discrimination?
c) Reasons for choosing project
The main aim of this research topic is to support organizations in identifying the
understanding of various types of equal opportunities and diversity practices, along with the
methods by which discrimination in the workplace can be reduced. It also helps Cadbury
recognize the significance for organizational development and success of workplace equality. In
addition to this, the study can also be used for academic purposes when it is published where
learner are taught ethical working practices to help develop future workers who believe in the
collectivism practices (Barthelemy, McCormick and Henderson, 2016).
d) Activities and Timescales

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
A literature review is a research article that demonstrates the latest information, which
includes significant observations and theoretical and methodological contributions to a specific
topic. Secondary sources such as books, journals, internet sources are helpful in conducting
literature review, which does not disclose original work (Bruce and et. al., 2015).
2.2 Literature review
Benefits that equality and diversity practices provide to an organization
On the basis of Anja Zojceska (2018) the progress and success of the company is guided
by equality and diversity and ensures culture in the workplace, where each person has equal
opportunity to gain access instead of being influenced by all kinds of biases and discrimination.
It offers a company several benefits since employers from various cultures promote a company
to acquire diverse language skills and support in internationally operating business practices
through the use of know-how. There are various benefits of the equality and diversity in context
to an organization mention below:
Reduce employee turnover- The workplace equality and diversity is helpful in sustain
the staff members at workplace. Diversity and workforce inclusion make all workers comfortable
and respected. Often, workers are happier with their employment and remain with a organization
longer if they feel supported and respected. As a consequence, businesses with increased
workforce diversity have lower turnover (Cavalcanti and Tavares, 2016).
Opportunity- If equality is present in workplace, everyone has the same opportunity to
explore opportunities as well as improve their skills. Employers can see how motivated each
employee is. It is important for leaders to be selected and the general staff managed.

Attract and retain best quality employees- If company applications are available to all,
and not just some, company will be able to hire top talent. Employees feel more empowered to
be hired solely on basis of their ability. Employers of diverse cultures may contribute to a
diversity of language skills for company, help sell the products and enable greater customer
support. Staff turnover costs would be minimized if the workplace with ethical culture feels
relaxed, respected and satisfied.
Develops innovation- Through working with people with diverse cultures, perspectives
and working styles, new ideas can be produced of knowledge and input. Although one person
can produce innovative ideas from a box, another should have the ability to execute them;
therefore thus is important to play on the strengths of each person and to collaborate with those
in team.
Improves employee performance- For an environment where inclusiveness is a focus,
workers are likely to feel satisfied and productive. Equality at workplace is critical in fostering
the trust and best performance of employees from all the backgrounds. The higher the morality
of the squad, the more successful it is.
Talents, skills and experiences- Individuals from a variety of backgrounds may bring a
range of expertise, perspectives and abilities to the company and their work. While some skill
duplication can be useful in supporting each other, the recruitment of people with the right skills
is crucial in order to fit into each of its positions. A set of talent and team experience also helps
workers to learn from one another.
Issues related with workplace discrimination that Cadbury may face
As per viewpoint of Jill Harness (2020) Discrimination at work is based on stereotypes
and happens when an individual is unfavorably treated for reasons of age, sex, race, ethnicity,
pregnancy and motherhood and disability. These disparities are seen as a potential source of
discrimination in the workplace as it becomes more difficult for people to accept their cultures.
Ultimately, this contributes to stress and anxiety for those who are involved. Furthermore, this
also leads to interpersonal conflicts that impact the climate of Cadbury and work quality through
impacting employees ' mental health. This impacts employee motivation in terms of work,
performance and so on and leads to work dissatisfaction directly.

Discrimination hurts workers who suffer from psychological discrimination and can
cause anxiety. This adds to the stress of their work and reduces the moral and satisfaction of
employees. The reduction of concentrations and increased disputes will destroy productivity with
discrimination. This distracts workers from jobs, makes them feel less and creates dynamic
situations that are not helpful to workers or businesses (De Paola and Scoppa, 2015). Conflict
and stress are positive that their success will impact productivity reduction. Discrimination feels
discouraged and therefore unable to think and step forward. Ignoring discrimination can lead to
major problems for Cadbury organization. Other than this, from the workplace discrimination,
employees leave organization and this enhance the employee turnover rate. After leaving
organization by the existing employees, there will be need to hire the new employees and it
consists hiring cost, training cost and some other additional cost. In this manner, the employee
turnovers rate of company enhanced. In context to this, it is necessary for the employer to deal
with the employees in a better manner and also sustain them at workplace for longer period of
time to enhance organizational productivity as well as reputation.
Link between adoption of equality and diversity practices and minimization of workplace
discrimination
According to Bond, M. A. and Haynes, M. C., (2014) Practices of equality and diversity
play an important role in ensuring that employees are happy with and management in which
individuals work. It is so because that employees have equal opportunity in their job, have access
to the new opportunities, get fair compensation, etc. by adopting practices relating to equality
and diversity. This seeks to build a philosophy of equality that contributes to situation in which
people are discriminated against by others. This supports reducing discrimination at the
workplace through the imposition of equal practices and diversity. Through removing the
discrimination from workplace, Cadbury can able to enhance motivation level of the staff
members and give them better opportunities for their career growth. Through action,
organizations should build a plan for diversity to guide the actions of workplaces. With the
guidance of senior management the business plan will be periodically checked and improved.
For others, pursuit of equity within the organization, does not merely support workers' fair
treatment rights. It should tackle following characteristics. There is a good business case to
ensure that the company provides everyone with equal opportunities. Workplace equity and

diversity is sensitive issue but it's one that deserves attention. The Equality Act 2010 unfairly
discriminates against workers because of some factors like gender, age, sexuality, marriage and
civil union, pregnancy and childbirth, race, religion or faith, sex and sexual orientation. The
Equality Act 2010 makes it illegal for workers to undergo discrimination because of nine factors,
including age and sex. Such features are classified by the Equality Act as 'safe apps.' The
development of qualified and diverse staff gives the company many benefits. With a diversity of
backgrounds and personalities in team, management can understand better and addressing the
concerns of a wider client base. Especially for internationally active companies it is
advantageously for group with origins in many other countries or cultures to create strong cross-
cultural relationships with clients. The added advantage of attracting, motivating and sustaining
people is the promotion of equality and diversity in workplace. The promotion of a better
understanding and knowledge of these various features decreases likelihood of prejudice in the
case of allegations, administrative proceedings and employment tribunal grievances and
eventually reduces the company's costs and damage.

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
It is one of the important parts of research. This consists the ways of collection of
information, research choices used, research approaches and the way to analyses information. In
conducting the research methodology, there has been research onion used that developed through
Saunders et. al.
Research philosophy- There has been positivism research philosophy used. This
philosophy is suitable because it analyses the opinions of the authors and also give the authentic
information for gaining positive outcomes.
Research Approach- Basically, research approaches are the techniques that help to
analyze the data collected effectively. In conducting present investigation, there has been
deductive research approach used because it converts the general data in to specific and also able
to gather the reliable information for getting positive outcomes.
Research Choice- Researcher used the quantitative research choice to better evaluate the
information obtained and enable them and obtain reliable results for analysis. The reason behind
the choice of this method in current research is the initial selection of a deductive approach to
carry out entire research work in a correct way (Lucifora and Vigani, 2016).
Research strategy- Survey is one the effective research strategy that used in conducting
present investigation. There has been questionnaire developed on specific subject area. The
reason to using this strategy is that it collects data or information in lesser time period.
Time horizon-

Sampling- This is explained as selection process for the group of people to gather on behalf of
the population information about the current field of study. For the performance of samples,
there are two different methods, probabilistic and non-probabilistic. One of these approaches is
probabilistic used as it helps to avoid a select respondent bias by the researchers. 50 employees
are selected to gather information for this research (Ge and et. al., 2016).
Data analysis- For Analysis of data, there has been thematic analysis method used as in
different themes has been developed on the basis of questions develop related to specific subject
area. There has been interpretation made on the basis of the themes (Newman, 2014).
Cost, Access and Ethical consideration
Access- Only if it contains confidential information, would the researchers and
authorized persons access the general information obtained by the interviewees. The investigator
uses security checks to ensure confidentiality so that no one other but the approved person can
access the sensitive and private information received (Sipe and et. al., 2016).
Cost- It is recognized by supporting researchers in carrying out research activities in the
right way and essential components of every investigation. With respect to this research, the
researcher has built an appropriate budget so that all necessary resources such as Internet
connectivity, secondary material access, staff, equipment and stationery can be effectively
handled (Morrell and et. al., 2015).
Ethical consideration- Researcher must adhere to ethical guidelines related to research in
order to effectively move them away from any legal problems that may occur in future. The
investigator is observing all the ethical guidelines with respect to the present work. They will
simply be allowed to use their data by all respondents (Stamarski, Hing and Leanne, 2015). The
information collected is also used only for research purposes. In addition, the consent of all
respondents was obtained before information on the study subject was collected.

CHAPTER 4: DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data collection
In this investigation, the researchers have chosen both the primary and secondary type of
data collection sources for the purpose of collecting as much data on the research question as
possible, which will lead to the rapid achievement of research findings. The investigator
considered questionnaire as the primary method. The investigator was used secondary source for
books, newspapers, online articles and some other published data in literature review (Verniers
and Vala, 2018).
4.2 Data analysis, presentation and discussion
QUESTIONNAIRE
Q1) Do you have understanding about workplace discrimination?
a) Yes
b) No
Q2) Do you ever face the discrimination at workplace?
a) Yes
b) No
Q3) What are the main advantages that equality and diversity practices provide to an
organization?
a) Add new skills to teams
b) Promote innovation
c) Improves your brand reputation
Q4) What are the different causes of workplace discrimination arise in an organization?
a) Age
b) Gender
c) Religion
Q5) What are the impact of workplace discrimination on employee’s performance?
a) Enhance absenteeism
b) Arise conflict
c) Causes a sense of distress

Q6) What are the main issues related to workplace discrimination faced by the Cadbury?
a) Reduce employee motivation
b) Increase employee turnover
c) Job dissatisfaction
Q7) What different strategies Cadbury needs to be adopted to remove the discrimination
from workplace?
a) Provide training
b) Develop equality policies
c) Educate leaders
Q8) What are the benefits company can get by preventing workplace environment from
discrimination?
a) Increase employee performance
b) Sustain staff members
c) Increasing organizational performance
Q9) Does removing workplace discrimination help company in getting competitive
benefits?
a) Yes
b) No
Q10) Recommend some ways through which firm can develop inclusive and diverse
working environment.
Frequency Table
Q1) Do you have understanding about workplace discrimination? Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
Q2) Do you ever face the discrimination at workplace? Frequency
a) Yes 35
b) No 15
Q3) What are the different causes of workplace discrimination arise
in an organization?
Frequency
a) Age 12

b) Gender 18
c) Religion 20
Q4) What are the main advantages that equality and diversity
practices provide to an organization?
Frequency
a) Add new skills to teams 16
b) Promote innovation 14
c) Improves your brand reputation 20
Q5) What are the impact of workplace discrimination on employee’s
performance?
Frequency
a) Enhance absenteeism 10
b) Arise conflict 20
c) Causes a sense of distress 20
Q6) What are the main issues related to workplace discrimination
faced by the Cadbury?
Frequency
a) Reduce employee motivation 20
b) Increase employee turnover 15
c) Job dissatisfaction 15
Q7) What different strategies Cadbury needs to be adopted to remove
the discrimination from workplace?
Frequency
a) Provide training 9
b) Develop equality policies 25
c) Educate leaders 16
Q8) What are the benefits company can get by preventing workplace
environment from discrimination?
Frequency
a) Increase employee performance 20
b) Sustain staff members 15
c) Increasing organizational performance 15
Q9) Does removing workplace discrimination help company in getting
competitive benefits?
Frequency
a) Yes 30

b) No 20
THEME 1: Understanding about workplace discrimination
Q1) Do you have understanding about workplace discrimination? Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
40
10
Interpretation: From the above mention graph, it has been stated that there are 40 respondents
that they have understanding regarding the workplace discrimination. According to them,
workplace discrimination develops the negative impact on the employee’s performance level as
well as their productivity. There are 10 respondents which are not aware about the workplace
discrimination at workplace in a detailed manner.
THEME 2: Ever face the discrimination at workplace
Q2) Do you ever face the discrimination at workplace? Frequency
a) Yes 35
b) No 15

a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
35
15
Interpretation: As per opinion of 35 respondents that they faced the issue of discrimination at
workplace is a discrimination issue arise on the basis of color and religion. It develops the
negative impact on their performance level and this also affects the organizational productivity.
There are 15 respondents that that the Never face the discrimination issue arising at the
workplace.
THEME 3: Causes of workplace discrimination arise in an organization
Q3) What are the different causes of workplace discrimination arise
in an organization?
Frequency
a) Age 12
b) Gender 18
c) Religion 20

a) Age b) Gender c) Religion
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
12
18
20
Interpretation: From the mentioned graph, there are different causes of the workplace
discrimination arise in Organization. On the basis of 12 respondents that age is a main cause of
arisen the workplace discrimination. On the basis of their opinion that company discriminate
among the new employees and old employees. They give the less importance to the old
employees. There are 18 respondents which said that on the basis of gender, company
discriminated them. At workplace, management treats less favorable to female employees as
comparison to male employee. There are 20 respondents which are agree with the religion is
cause of arise in that discrimination at workplace.
THEME 4: Advantages that equality and diversity practices provide
Q4) What are the main advantages that equality and diversity
practices provide to an organization?
Frequency
a) Add new skills to teams 16
b) Promote innovation 14
c) Improves your brand reputation 20

a) Add new skills to
teams b) Promote innovation c) Improves your
brand reputation
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
16
14
20
Interpretation: From the equality and Diversity, there are many benefits of implementing its
practices get through company. On the basis of 16 respondents that equality and Diversity is
helpful in at the new skills to team. In this, company can hire the different backgrounds people
and they have the different skills and opinion so from this they are able to develop some
creativity and focus on attaining the set objective. On the basis of 14 respondents that equality
and Diversity practices are helpful in promote the innovation at workplace. There are 20
remaining respondents and according to them equality and Diversity is one of the effective way
to improve brand reputation by sharing the different background and culture employees.
THEME 5: Impact of workplace discrimination on employee’s performance
Q5) What are the impact of workplace discrimination on employee’s
performance?
Frequency
a) Enhance absenteeism 10
b) Arise conflict 20
c) Causes a sense of distress 20

a) Enhance
absenteeism b) Arise conflict c) Causes a sense of
distress
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
10
20 20
Interpretation: As per opinion of 10 respondents that workplace discrimination increases the
absenteeism of employees at workplace. If discrimination arises then they are not able to
continue their job and also so leave the organization. There are 20 respondents with said that
workplace discrimination arise the conflict among the staff members and management. 20
remaining respondents are agreeing with cause sense of distress.
THEME 6: Issues related to workplace discrimination faced by Cadbury
Q6) What are the main issues related to workplace discrimination
faced by the Cadbury?
Frequency
a) Reduce employee motivation 20
b) Increase employee turnover 15
c) Job dissatisfaction 15

a) Reduce employee
motivation b) Increase employee
turnover c) Job dissatisfaction
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
20
15 15
Interpretation: It has been stated from the above mentioned graph that there are 20 respondents
with said that the main issue faced by the company from workplace discrimination is reducing
the moral of staff members. Discrimination arises at workplace impact on motivational level of
staff members. There are 15 respondents which said that discrimination at workplace enhance
employee turnover of company as staff will leave the organization from the discrimination.
There are 15 remaining respondents agree with the job dissatisfaction.
THEME 7: Strategies Cadbury needs to be adopted to remove the discrimination
Q7) What different strategies Cadbury needs to be adopted to remove
the discrimination from workplace?
Frequency
a) Provide training 9
b) Develop equality policies 25
c) Educate leaders 16

a) Provide training b) Develop equality
policies c) Educate leaders
0
5
10
15
20
25
9
25
16
Interpretation: As per opinion of 9 respondents that Cadbury need to provide training to Staff
members so that they can give some knowledge and also find the benefits to prevent the
workplace environment from this. There are 25 respondents which said that company needs to
develop the equality policies so that all the employees can get the equal opportunity. There are
16 remaining respondents which are agree with educate the leaders at workplace.
THEME 8: Benefits Company can get by preventing workplace environment from
discrimination
Q8) What are the benefits company can get by preventing workplace
environment from discrimination?
Frequency
a) Increase employee performance 20
b) Sustain staff members 15
c) Increasing organizational performance 15

a) Increase employee
performance b) Sustain staff
members c) Increasing
organizational
performance
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
20
15 15
Interpretation: There are 20 respondents which said that the main benefit company can get
through preventing the workplace environment from the discrimination enhance the performance
level of staff members at workplace. There are 15 respondents which said that to preventing the
environment enables to run the staff members at workplace for long period of time. There are 15
respondents which are agree with enhance the performance level of an organization.
THEME 9: Removing workplace discrimination Help Company in getting competitive
benefits
Q9) Does removing workplace discrimination help company in getting
competitive benefits?
Frequency
a) Yes 30
b) No 20

a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
30
20
Interpretation: As per opinion of 30 respondents and according to them removing the
workplace discrimination is helpful for company in getting the competitive advantage. If the
workplace discrimination will be reduced from an organization that employees are equal to
perform in a Better manner and focus on achieving the set objective set by the management.
There are 20 respondents which are not agreeing with the given statement.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion
From the above mentioned it has been concluded that workplace discrimination develops
the negative impact on employee’s performance as well as organizational productivity. There
has been discuss that equality and Diversity practices are helpful in reducing the discrimination
from workplace and provide the equal opportunities to all the staff members who are related to
different backgrounds and culture. There has been discussed about the different benefits of
equality and Diversity at workplace such as innovation provides opportunity to all the employees
and reduce the employee turnover at workplace. The discrimination there are many issues faced
by an organization such as conflict, reduce the organizational productivity, jobs this satisfaction
of staff members and many others. There is a need to company to find the effective ways for
reducing the workplace diversity so that every employee can able to work in a better manner and
do not face any kind of issue.
5.2 Recommendations
There are some recommendations mentions below:
 It is necessary for Cadbury Company to revise its equality as well as diversity policy at
workplace. This will help in provide the equal opportunities to all people which are
working in an organization and also motivate them to sustain at workplace for long
period of time.
 Company needs to provide training to staff members so that employees can get some
knowledge about the issues arise from the discrimination and also its consequences.
 Management of Cadbury needs to take the strict action against any discrimination occur
at workplace.

CHAPTER 6: PERSONAL REFLECTIVE STATEMENT
6.1 Reflect on research methods
In conducting present investigation, there has been different research methods used. I
used quantitative method as it uses credible sources to provide relevant information. It
contributes to the wider analysis and provides the relevant results for a specific field. I used
deductive approach to research because it allows quantitatively analyzing the concepts. It assists
in describe and explain the different laws. For the gathering of evidence and data, the main
method of collecting data was implemented by creating a questionnaire that addresses the
various issues.
6.2 Consider research methods that could have been used
In conducting the present investigation, there has been questionnaire method used as this
helps in collect the reliable as well as authentic information. Through use of questionnaire,
researcher can able to collect information on role of equality and diversity practices in
eliminating workplace discrimination from different respondents in less time period. The
different research methods which could have been used for collection of data are Interview. The
main reason behind not using the interview is that it takes more time and also costly method.
6.3 Areas for further investigation
The given research is based on Role of equality and diversity practices in eliminating
workplace discrimination. By performing this study, a researcher can gain new understanding
and general knowledge. This can aid in the course of an investigation to resolve all sorts of
problems. The researchers will also perform daily work to find effective ways of overcoming the
challenges. Other than this, researcher can able to conduct the same kind of investigation in the
future.

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