Detailed Report: Thermal Management in PCBs and Project Communication

This report delves into the critical aspects of PCB thermal management and communication strategies within project environments. It highlights techniques for identifying and mitigating thermal hotspots in PCBs, emphasizing the importance of copper thickness, pad design, and component placement...Read More

Research

Table of Contents
Activity 1:........................................................................................................................................2
Task 1.1:..........................................................................................................................................2
Task 1.2:..........................................................................................................................................3
Activity 2:........................................................................................................................................4
Task 2:.............................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

Activity 1:
Task 1.1:
Tools, techniques
The modern electronics uses high power components such as processors, LED’s,
MOSFET’s and IGBT’s. There is a trend within electronic industries in which they are making
components smaller and this results within the creation of thermal hotspots. When PCB thermal
hotspots are having high temperature then this results in failure of device. The thermal modelling
is known as critical tool that is used for conducting thermal failure analysis (Alvarez, and
Rangan, 2019). This provides designers a proper understanding of different thermal issues
related to circuit design. There is need for choosing the best cooling method as well as PCB
design techniques in order to manage the functioning. The PCB designers can easily figure out
different optimum designing and positioning of various components in context of layout that is
suitable for software modelling. In context of thermal modelling, the designers are able to figure
out various concepts including heat flow pattern, sink design, cooling methods for various active
devices. There are following techniques that can be used for reducing heating in PCB –
 Identification of thermal hotspots and high current traces – It is essential to fabricate
thermally stable PCB and for this there is need to have knowledge regarding thermal
effects at the time of designing phase. Initial step is to identify hotspots. Thermal
simulation techniques are effectively used for finding hotspots. The modelling and
simulation techniques requires current flow analysis because of the need of heat
generation.
 Copper thickness and width of traces – Width and thickness of copper pad or traces are
involved in playing a significant role in thermal design. It is important that thickness of
copper must be adequate for providing low impedance path in order to pass current
through it.
 Pad design and PCB thermal management – as per the thickness of trace, it is analysed
that pad thickness is important. Heat is directly dissipated towards top layer of copper.
That is why top copper pad must have sufficient thickness and area for providing heat

spreading (Boer, Hanke, and He, 2018). When PCB design is having bottom copper pads
then there is need for having sufficient coverage in order to allow optimum heat transfer
to the heat sink. There are different components within which pad is connected to and this
creates low thermal resistance. The solder paste is associated with component footprint.
There is solution for floating package problem that is used for optimising solder paste
volume.
 Placement of high power components in PCB – In order to have better heat dissipation,
processors like high power components are mounted for managing the near edge of
board. This is involved in accumulating heat at edges and raising local temperature.
There is need to place device at centre because heat will scatter over the surface in
context of all directions. That is why it is seen that temperature of PCB must be lower so
that it can be used in electronic devices.
Methodologies employed in research
The methodologies used in this research includes qualitative and quantitative analysis. There is
primary research conducted in which respondents had to fill questionnaire. Both the analysis was
used for managing the data analysis (Carr, 2019).
Data/information collection and analysis
Data collection used in this research is both primary and secondary. Primary research is
conducted through questionnaire. On the other hand, secondary research is done by using
previous research articles and journals (Coughlan, and O'Leary, 2021). The data is used for
evaluating research findings.
Evaluation of project outcomes against initial objectives
From the research, it is concluded that heat sink is known as cooling method which is the best
way for dissipating heat from PCB components. The principle on which heat sink works states
that heat transfers from an area of high thermal resistance to low thermal resistance. It is
concluded that designers can choose suitable heat sink for the design that depends upon various
elements (Deggs, and Hernandez, 2018). Thermal resistivity of material, velocity and fluid inside
the sink is used for managing the process.
Task 1.2:
(covered in ppt)

Activity 2:
Task 2:
Communication strategies are those perspective which has been used in order to make flow of
communication possible within an organization. Through communication strategies various
aspects has been covered making information flow to be done within an organization. Also these
strategies have helped in making information related upon specific issues, events, situation and
audience. Through communication strategy blueprint has been formed making communication
possible within project manager and its team members (Dolnicar, 2018). Communication should
be developed more effectively making all information to be conveyed by project manager to its
team members in more effective manner. Project manager is required over keeping various
things in mind which are meeting regularly, being inclusive, transparency should be maintained
with clarity. Also respect should be shown to each other and recognition should be done about
wrong and right perspective. Online collaboration tool should be used for making
communication done effectively. These aspects help in building proper structure of
communication making project managers completed task within time limit specified for it. Also
communication strategies hold importance in relation to project management as project manager
is able to explain team mates about importance of communication (Goswami, and Agrawal,
2018). Communication strategies are of various kinds which are used by project managers for
completing project. Communication strategies helps in improving listing power of team
members. Body language is an important part of communication strategy as facial expressions
leads over making information to be communicated in better manner. Emotional intelligence is
another important perspective used by Project manager in making communication done
effectively. Tone has important role to play as rude tone leads upon making team members attain
distrust over each other which make information not circulated fully. Projects manager should
use polite tone making team members understood work more effectively. Clarity is another
element of communication strategy which helps in making communication to be done more
effectively (Lowe, and Lawrence, 2020). Communication strategies has been used by project
manager which makes information circulated more effectively. Also these strategies make
communication developed in more effective manner. Project manager requires to use these
strategies in order to work upon project that is related to over consumption of electronic system.
Project manager with the help of communication strategies makes business to be done with more

effectiveness. Project manager has lead over making development done in relation to
communication which has helped over making information to be circulated in appropriate
manner (Schratz, 2020). I have realized that communication strategies have been used by project
manager in making information to be circulated more effectively. As I did deep analysis over
these strategies I have learned that project management communication plan identifies how
important information will be communicated to stakeholders throughout the project. It also
determines who will be receiving the communication, how those people will receive it, when
they'll receive it, and how often they should expect to receive that information. As per my
understanding communication management is an important tool which make team's knowledge
to be developed by making project manager perform its functions more effectively. Through
project collaboration tools all kinds of documents are shared in proper manner and feedback is
made for improving project status. A communications management chain or workflow that spells
out clearly how the information generated at each stage of the project is conveyed to where it’s
needed. Project communications management staff that’ll be responsible for conveying
information at every stage. I have made myself realized that communication strategy which has
been used by project manager makes project to be generated over process making responsibility
performed more effectively. Also through these strategies I have realized that project
management has made effectiveness developed within strategies related over project (Sheoran,
and Kumar, 2020). I have understood actually making project management develop upon
communication strategy has revealed various shortcomings formed in order to make project
completed within time through right manner. It has been analysed by me that project
collaboration strategy once in a while to uncover what’s working and what’s not. Through this I
have ensured that channels have made understanding developed which made gaps to be which
are present within the project. Also these stages have made me realize about importance of using
communication strategies within project this makes project to be completed by keeping in mind
all kinds of perspectives. Being a junior member within research I have learned lot of things in
order to generate sensitive information over damages which has been made within a
communication. Through these techniques related to communication I have realized that
strategies of communication have helped in making project completed more effectively. Also
this makes communication to be conducted more effectively and communication makes
information to be circulated in more effective way by making project manager conducted more

effectively (Storø, 2017). Through communication strategies various kinds of aspects has in
relation over communication has been covered by project manager.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alvarez, S. and Rangan, S., 2019. Editors’ comments: The rise of nationalism (Redux)—An
opportunity for reflection and research. Academy of Management Review, 44(4), pp.719-723.
Boer, D., Hanke, K. and He, J., 2018. On detecting systematic measurement error in cross-
cultural research: A review and critical reflection on equivalence and invariance tests. Journal of
Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(5), pp.713-734.
Carr, S., 2019. ‘I am not your nutter’: a personal reflection on commodification and comradeship
in service user and survivor research. Disability & Society, 34(7-8), pp.1140-1153.
Coughlan, P., and O'Leary, D., 2021. Exploring and Exploiting the Dynamics of Networks in
Complex Applied Research Projects: A Reflection on Learning in Action. British Journal of
Management, 32(4), pp.1440-1455.
Deggs, D.M. and Hernandez, F., 2018. Enhancing the value of qualitative field notes through
purposeful reflection. Qualitative Report, 23(10).
Dolnicar, S., 2018. A reflection on survey research in hospitality. International Journal of
Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Goswami, A.K. and Agrawal, R.K., 2018. A reflection on knowledge sharing research: patterns
and trends. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems.
Lowe, R.J. and Lawrence, L. eds., 2020. Duoethnography in English language teaching:
Research, reflection and classroom application. Multilingual Matters.
Schratz, M., 2020. From cooperative action to collective self-reflection: A sociodynamic
approach to educational research. In Qualitative voices in educational research (pp. 56-70).
Routledge.
Sheoran, A.J. and Kumar, H., 2020. Fused Deposition modeling process parameters optimization
and effect on mechanical properties and part quality: Review and reflection on present
research. Materials Today: Proceedings, 21, pp.1659-1672.
Storø, J., 2017. Which transition concept is useful for describing the process of young people
leaving state care? A reflection on research and language. European Journal of Social
Work, 20(5), pp.770-781