This research project focuses on the influence of workplace discrimination on productivity and performance of staff members. It includes a case study on Apple Inc. and explores the strategies adopted by managers to reduce workplace discrimination.
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Research Project (Equality and Diversity in the workplace)
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Table of Contents Title:- Equality and Diversity in the workplace...............................................................................1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 Background of the research.........................................................................................................1 Research aim...............................................................................................................................1 Research objectives.....................................................................................................................2 Research questions......................................................................................................................2 Rationale of the research.............................................................................................................2 LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................2 Concept of workplace discrimination in a company...................................................................2 Problems faced by higher authorities of Apple Inc. due to discrimination at workplace...........4 Strategies adopted by managers of Apple Inc. to decline workplace discrimination within the organisation.................................................................................................................................5 METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION...........................................................................5 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS...........................................................................7 Questionnaire..............................................................................................................................7 Frequency Table..........................................................................................................................8 Thematic Analysis.....................................................................................................................10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................13 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................13 Recommendation.......................................................................................................................13 REFLECTION AND ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................14 REFLECTION..........................................................................................................................14 ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.................................................................14 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
Title:- Equality and Diversity in the workplace INTRODUCTION Workplace discrimination can be defined as occurrence of different situations where an employer mainly takes a range of actions against a staff member considering various attributes like colour, religion, culture, race and so on (Anjum and et. al., 2018). In current time, workplace discrimination is considered as an issue that has impacted negatively on performance level of staff of different organisations that are working in international market. Under this research report, firm that has been taken into consideration is Apple Inc., which was found in the year of 1976 by Steve Jobs. It is an American multinational technology based company which also headquartered at California. It has been found that, this organisation's staff members are dealing with workplace discrimination and this resulted into negative impact on performance and productivity level of them due to low motivation. However, Apple Inc. is looking forward to reduce the discrimination and it has also considered a range of strategies which will be discussed in this report. Background of the research Over the years, workplace discrimination influenced various business organisations and the reason that came in front was that they never kept their focus on developing an effective policy in relation with discrimination. Away with this, companies are continuously looking forward to reduce workplace discrimination through considering different rules and regulations like Equality Act, 2010 and so on (Ayala and et. al., 2017). On the other hand, it has been found that there are different types of discrimination that are present in today's workplaces of organisations like direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment, victimisation and so on. Gender, race, disability, religious belief, sexual orientation, age and many more are said to be some of the crucial elements that are required by companies to develop their own sort of products and services. Research aim Theaimofthisparticularresearchis“Todeterminetheinfluenceofworkplace discrimination on productivity and performance of staff members. A case study on Apple Inc.” 1
Research objectives To gain knowledge about concept of workplace discrimination in a company. To identify the problems faced by higher authorities of Apple Inc. due to discrimination at workplace ToanalysestrategiesadoptbymanagersofAppleInc.todeclineworkplace discrimination within the organisation. Research questions What do you know about workplace discrimination concept? What are the problems faced by higher authorities of Apple Inc. due to discrimination at workplace? What are the different strategies adopt by managers of Apple Inc. to decline workplace discrimination within the organisation? Rationale of the research Therationalmotivebehindconductinginvestigationonthechosentopicisthat workplace discrimination carries both direct and indirect impact on performance level of staff members at a workplace of an organisation. This results into low productivity and it also demotivate employees (O’Neill, Sohal and Teng, 2016). Most of the companies are looking forward to reduce the workplace discrimination in order to enhance the profit margins and productivity level.This is why this topic is specificallybeing considered because many investigations were done on various topics but not on how workplace discrimination impacts on performance and productivity of staff members. Self interest of researcher was also there, which will improve the knowledge of readers and of research in much effective and efficient manner. LITERATURE REVIEW Concept of workplace discrimination in a company According to Sutanto and Kurniawan, (2016), it is study which is based on workplace discrimination in all over the world. However, the particular investigation is done on Europe where it has been found that UK carries highest discrimination because lot of employees are affected by this. It includes 49 percent workforce which is age group under 25-35 are faced this problem at work place. It is conducted survey on 10,000 employees on different region like UK, France, Spain, Poland and Netherlands employees feel such kind of issue (Park and et. al., 2017). 2
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The most kind of discrimination on the basis of gender, nationality, integrity and appearance. The issue mainly in such kind of organisation which is related to art and culture, financial services, architecture, engineering and also faces in educational sector. It is in addition also said that must be avoid this kind of issue at workplace and focused to provide the safe and secured working environment to the employees. Workplace discrimination also affect the performance of the employee as well as profitability of the organisation. According to the researcher's opinion about this concept it is must be provides training to individual at a time of recruitment in order to diversity. Superiors of the organisations must be listen the employers issue which is faced in the workplace and help them to sought out the things in effective manner. It addition United State's supreme court has ruled which is act and provision to sued those person who discriminate among the employees. It is discrimination on the basis ofskin, colour, genetic and religion(Ugoani, 2016). It includes affect the performance of the employees and also increase the conflicts between the employees. Subordinates also not focused with their work and not achieves a target which ultimately affects the revenue of the organisation. It is essential to each and every organisation to focused on such conditions and must be planned a strict rules, regulation and guideline which is followed by each employee of the organisation. HR departments play vital role in context of that and they provides best solutions to the employees as well as also listen the grievances of employees (Jammaers, Zanoni and Hardonk, 2016). Discrimination affects the environment of the company and it is a responsibility of HR department to provide safe, secured and friendly working environment. In various kind of discrimination so accordingly different kind of law but most of employees not aware about such laws so organisation conduct seminar and provides the detail information about that so employees not suffer that. In many organisation conduct session and it is interacting to each employee because this is a sensitive concept to know about. It includes various kind of condition which employees not openly talk about and suffers them so it is a duty of superiors to avoid such conditions and employees openly talk about them. Workplace discrimination is not good for organisation and employees also its affect both of them directly. In context of organisation affects the profitability and revenue. On the other hand employees suffers, lose their confidence and not focused on their careers. 3
Problems faced by higher authorities of Apple Inc. due to discrimination at workplace According toAjunwa, (2018), gender gap refers to the discrimination between employees in terms of salary, benefits and opportunities for growth and success. In various organization there is difference practices are adopt for both male and female. Male employees get higher pay in and better opportunities in comparison of female staff member. Efforts of female employees are nor recognized and acknowledge by company that leads them toward demotivation. It put an adverse impact on productivity of female workforce and overall growth of company(Kruse and et. al., 2018). Apart from this, it enhances conflicts among human resources working within organization. In Apple there is no gender gap exist as it has adopted similar policies without giving consideration to gender of employees. The company has revealed the fact that they are giving equal payment to all its human resources regardless their gender. It encourage and motivate personnels to work efficiently for the success and growth of business. This practice helps them to minimize employees turnover and toget an edge over other competitors. It encourage efficient and potential female members to be a part of company. Diversity emphasis to provide similar opportunities to both male and female workers within company. As both have different perspective that will help nationalization to formulate lucrative strategies to grab the attention of consumers and to enhance profitability. Diversity not only motivates employees but also bring new, innovative and unique ideas to increase in revenue of business. In context of Apple, they believe in gender diversity and acknowledge the efforts as well as potential of female staff member(Neumark, 2018). It helps the company to improve their financial performance by earning potential profit. Apart from this due to gender diverse environment they are able to engage work force in an efficient manner. Because of this they are able to serve diversify customer base that helps in increasing number of potential buyers at market place. They believe in providing an inclusive culture to workforce where they can interact and coordinate with each other to perform several business activities. There is no discrimination in workforce in terms race,culture,sex, nationalities etc. That assist mangers of Apple to serve the audience in an efficient manner and to sustain at competitive market place for a longer period of time. AccordingtoLlorenandParini,(2017),genderdiversityisessentialtoenhance employees productivity as well as work efficiency. It helps to formulate a healthy and friendly environment at work place where all the staff members can communicate and coordinate with 4
one other to perform predefined task. In apple, they follows the policy of diversity as there is no discrimination among employees. This diversify culture helps the organization to retain its work force and to enhance operations efficiency of company(Brouwers and et. al., 2016). That is a reason that apple is global leader and able to acquire more number of consumers. Gender diversity help to get qualified, capable human resources who work for the betterment and enhancement of business. Strategies adopted by managers of Apple Inc. to decline workplace discrimination within the organisation As mentioned byKundu and Mor, (2017), there are various strategies that are available for a company to decline workplace discrimination and some of these are given underneath:Focus on diversity:This is considered to be the best suitable strategy which has been adopted by Apple Inc. in order to reduce workplace discrimination at workplace. Company tries to focus on diversity where all the individuals belonging to different cultures, race, and so on are supported and delivers equal opportunities to all the staff members without any sort of discrimination.Training:Another crucial strategy adopted by Apple Inc. which helps them in reducing workplace discrimination. This could be understood with a good example of an employee handbook which was established by Apple Inc. that delivers the information about employee expectations also delivers the information in relation with discrimination (Cavanagh and et. al., 2017). Complaint Policy and Procedure:One more crucial strategy adopted by Apple Inc. where they educate staff members in relation with how submission can be one of a complaint which encourages open-door policy without the fear of adverse consequences. METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION Research methodology is considered to be a crucial section of a research project where investigator selects or consider approach, investigation, philosophy, data collection, sampling and so on. Types of investigation: Qualitative and quantitative are the two different types of investigation that majorly considered by the investigators. Basically, qualitative research focuses on feelings, opinions, to understand concepts, and experiences as well. Quantitative research 5
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focuses on analysing numerical data where researcher uses it to test results in wider populations. Inpresentinvestigatingreport,quantitativeinvestigationisspecificallybeingtakeninto consideration to conduct investigation on developed aim and i.e. “To determine the influence of workplace discrimination on productivity and performance of staff members of Apple Inc.” Research philosophy: It is said as beliefs of phenomena where data or information is specifically being gathered, analysed and lastly it is being interpreted as well. Positivism and interpretivismaresaidtobetwodifferentphilosophiesthataremainlyconsideredby investigators.Underthisresearchreport,researcherhasconsideredpositivismresearch philosophy as it will help investigator to focus on different beliefs of individuals in all over the world(Haddon, 2018). Research approach: It has been found that inductive and deductive are said to be the two crucial approaches which are considered by investigators, which helps researchers to collect the information. In present investigating research topic, researcher has considered deductive research approach that may include procedures of collecting and moving from premises to conclusion that is based on the fact and truth values. With the help of this, deductive approach would aid research in providing logical results using observation to confirm the value of the truth (Manzoor and et. al., 2019). Data collection:It alludes to the successful cycle to gathering information from various sources with the point of tending to the predetermined issues present in the exploration. Hence, it is essential for investigator to choose right strategy for gathering data so generally exercises of examination can be effortlessly attempted. Essentially, it is separated into two technique for information assortment, for example, secondary and primary sources. The two strategies are compelling in this examination to draw a significant judgement and simultaneously additionally decrease the odds of emerging any sort of issues. Alongside this, primary data collection tool for information assortment used to accumulate direct data in which investigator set up an organized poll filled from chosen respondents. Then again, secondary data collection tool help with giving top to bottom examination based on research subject. In this, an orderly writing audit is attempted that incorporates perspectives of various writers. It might uphold in accomplishing solid outcomes inside the examination(Jabeen, Friesen and Ghoudi, 2018). Sampling: It is characterized based on two strategies, for example, probabilistic and non- probabilistictesting.Underthisexamination,probabilistictestingwillbeactualizeby 6
investigator in which respondents are picked according to random sampling methodological technique which would persuades equivalent opportunities to be chosen for sharing their view focuses with researcher(Buttner and Lowe, 2017). By utilizing this, 40 members are chosen who are the representative of business association i.e. Apple Inc. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS Questionnaire Questionnaire Q1) Do you know what is workplace discrimination? a) Yes b) No Q2) Based on your knowledge, do you think if workplace discrimination may affect performance level and productivity of staff members? a) Yes b) No Q3) What is considered to be the main reason behind rise in workplace discrimination at Apple Inc.? a) Gender b) Culture c) Colour d) Age Q4) As per your own thoughts, how equality can be promoted by Apple Inc. to reduce workplace discrimination? a) Through delivering training to staff b) Through developing an effective discrimination related policy c) Through delivering motivational speech in relation with equality Q5) Do you think if workplace discrimination carries direct impact over productivity of staff of Apple Inc.? a) Yes b) No Q6)DoyouagreeifAppleInc.hasalreadydevelopedaneffectiveworkplace 7
discrimination policy? a)Strongly agree b) Agree c) Disagree d) Strongly disagree Q7) What are the challenges faced by Apple Inc. when developing a crucial workplace discrimination related policy? a) Resistance to change b) Consideration of all the values and cultures followed by staff c) Being proactive and making updates Q8) What will be the benefits that can be seen in Apple Inc. of formulating an effective discrimination related policy? a) Reduction within high employee turnover ratio b) Development of positive relation among staff c) Boosting the staff member's morale Q9) Do you agree if elimination of workplace discrimination in Apple Inc. would lead to retain talent at workstation? a) Yes b) No Q10) Any suggestions if you are looking forward to give to Apple Inc. to improve equality at workplace. Frequency Table Q1) Do you know what is workplace discrimination?Frequency a) Yes35 b) No5 Q2) Based on your knowledge, do you think if workplace discrimination may affect performance level and productivity of staff members? Frequency a) Yes37 b) No3 8
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Q3) What is considered to be the main reason behind rise in workplace discrimination at Apple Inc.? Frequency a) Gender12 b) Culture10 c) Colour8 d) Age10 Q4) As per your own thoughts, how equality can be promoted by Apple Inc. to reduce workplace discrimination? Frequency a) Through delivering training to staff20 b) Through developing an effective discrimination related policy10 c) Through delivering motivational speech in relation with equality10 Q5) Do you think if workplace discrimination carries direct impact over productivity of staff of Apple Inc.? Frequency a) Yes30 b) No10 Q6)DoyouagreeifAppleInc.hasalreadydevelopedaneffective workplace discrimination policy? Frequency a)Strongly agree10 b) Agree10 c) Disagree10 d) Strongly disagree10 Q7) What are the challenges faced by Apple Inc. when developing a crucial workplace discrimination related policy? Frequency a) Resistance to change25 b) Consideration of all the values and cultures followed by staff10 c) Being proactive and making updates5 9
Q8) What will be the benefits that can be seen in Apple Inc. of formulating an effective discrimination related policy? Frequency a) Reduction within high employee turnover ratio20 b) Development of positive relation among staff10 c) Boosting the staff member's morale10 Q9) Do you agree if elimination of workplace discrimination in Apple Inc. would lead to retain talent at workstation? Frequency a) Yes25 b) No15 Thematic Analysis Theme 1: Concept of workplace discrimination Q1) Do you know what is workplace discrimination?Frequency a) Yes35 b) No5 Interpretations: Based on above mentioned graph, it is interpreted that 40 out of 35 respondents knows about workplace discrimination. On the other hand, only 5 respondents stated that they do not know anything about workplace discrimination. 10 35 5 a) Yes b) No
Theme 2: Workplace discrimination may affect performance level and productivity of staff members Q2) Based on your knowledge, do you think if workplace discrimination may affect performance level and productivity of staff members? Frequency a) Yes37 b) No3 Interpretations:Considering the above mentioned pie chart, it is realised that 37 respondents has given information that workplace discrimination may impact negatively on performance level and productivity of staff members. Including this, only 3 respondents stated that don't know anything about workplace discrimination. Theme 3: Main reason behind rise in workplace discrimination at Apple Inc. Q3) What is considered to be the main reason behind rise in workplace discrimination at Apple Inc.? Frequency a) Gender12 b) Culture10 c) Colour8 d) Age10 11 37 3 a) Yes b) No
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Interpretations: Based on above mentioned graph, it is interpreted that out of 40 respondents 12 were in favour of gender, 10 supported culture, 8 of them were in favour of colour and lastly only 10 has given their answer towards age. Theme 4: Equality can be promoted by Apple Inc. to reduce workplace discrimination Q4) As per your own thoughts, how equality can be promoted by Apple Inc. to reduce workplace discrimination? Frequency a) Through delivering training to staff20 b) Through developing an effective discrimination related policy10 c) Through delivering motivational speech in relation with equality10 12 12 10 8 10 a) Gender b) Culture c) Colour d) Age 20 10 10a) Through delivering training to staff b) Through developing an effective discrimination related policy c) Through delivering motivational speech in relation with equality
Interpretations: With the help of above mentioned graph, it is interpreted that 20 from total number of 40 were in favour of training, 10 stated that developing a policy would help Apple in reducing workplace discrimination and lastly, the left individuals (10 respondents) has given their answer towards motivational speech in relation with equality. Theme 5: Workplace discrimination carries direct impact over productivity of staff of Apple Inc. Q5) Do you think if workplace discrimination carries direct impact over productivity of staff of Apple Inc.? Frequency a) Yes30 b) No10 Interpretations:Considering above graph, 40 out of 30 respondents stated that they directly carry over productivity of staff members of Apple Inc. Away with this, only 10 respondents has given their answers towards no direct impact on productivity of staff. Theme 6: Apple Inc. has already developed an effective workplace discrimination policy Q6)DoyouagreeifAppleInc.hasalreadydevelopedaneffective workplace discrimination policy? Frequency a)Strongly agree10 b) Agree10 c) Disagree10 d) Strongly disagree10 13 30 10 a) Yes b) No
Interpretations:Based on above graph, it is interpreted that 40 out of 10 respondents strongly agrees with Apple Inc. already developed an effective policy in relation with workplace discrimination. 10 stated that they only agree, 10 from total number of 40 respondents disagreed that Apple's policy is not that much effective. Lastly, only 10 strongly disagreed with the same. Theme7:ChallengesfacedbyAppleInc.whendevelopingacrucialworkplace discrimination related policy Q7) What are the challenges faced by Apple Inc. when developing a crucial workplace discrimination related policy? Frequency a) Resistance to change25 b) Consideration of all the values and cultures followed by staff10 c) Being proactive and making updates5 14 10 1010 10 a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Disagree d) Strongly disagree 25 10 5 a) Resistance to change b) Consideration of all the values and cultures followed by staff c) Being proactive and making updates
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Interpretations: Based on above mentioned graph, 40 out of 25 respondents has given answers towards resistance to change. Including this, 10 respondents were in favour of values and cultures followed by staff. Lastly, being proactive and making updates carried answers from 5 respondents. Theme 8: Benefits that can be seen in Apple Inc. of formulating an effective discrimination related policy Q8) What will be the benefits that can be seen in Apple Inc. of formulating an effective discrimination related policy? Frequency a) Reduction within high employee turnover ratio20 b) Development of positive relation among staff10 c) Boosting the staff member's morale10 Interpretations: Considering the above mentioned information, it is concluded that 20 respondents were in favour of reduction within high employee turnover ratio. Apart from this, 10 were in favour of development of positive relation among staff and lastly, boosting the staff member's morale was said to be the answer given by 10 respondents. Theme 9: Elimination of workplace discrimination in Apple Inc. would lead to retain talent at workstation Q9) Do you agree if elimination of workplace discrimination in Apple Inc. would lead to retain talent at workstation? Frequency 15 20 10 10 a) Reduction within high employee turnover ratio b) Development of positive relation among staff c) Boosting the staff member's morale
a) Yes25 b) No15 16
Interpretations: Based on above mentioned graph, it is interpreted that 40 out of only 25 were in favour ofelimination of workplace discrimination in Apple Inc. would lead to retain talent at workstation. On the other hand, other 15 neglected with the same. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Conclusion With the help of above mentioned report, it is concluded that developing policies in relationwithworkplacediscriminationandalsopromotingequalitywoulddirectlyhelp organisations in enhancing the opportunities for every single employee and it will also reduce the chances of decline in both productivity and proficiency level of staff members. On the other hand, it can be said that it is necessary for organisation's management to deliver fair treatment to staff members at same workplace as this would lead firm to decrease the chances of rising any sort of conflicts at workstation. Recommendation In context to Apple Inc., it is recommended that company would require to deliver equal job opportunities to every single individual in the staff as this will encourage workers to take participation among different areas like while attaining different range of goals and objectives and so on. It is also recommended that management of Apple Inc. would require to identify factors that may encourage discrimination at workplace and set up strategies to improve proficiency level(Webster and et. al., 2018). It also contributes in dissecting the inclination and segregate with representatives. With the help of this, organization can without much of a stretch lessen the representative turnover and keep them continue inside the working environment for 17 25 15 a) Yes b) No
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longer time frame. For achieving the equivalent, association needs to keep up or create sound workplace wherein every single specialists treated reasonably and furthermore get equivalent chances to failure. This can be contributes in achieving all the set targets and at the time additionally accomplish upper hand at commercial centre. REFLECTION AND ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY REFLECTION I am pretty much glad to take this opportunity to carry forward the investigation on the grounds of significance of implementing diversity and equality at the organisation to reduce discrimination. For this, researcher tends to offer wide scope and identify things which is helpful for me to take right and effective decisions. In order to attain the same thing, I also applied significant methods to collect data and prominent information on the grounds of specific research subject and segment. Prominently, I also prepare a structured questionnaire which is an effective method to gather prominent and first hand data. It is also helpful for me in identifying the significant information towards the prominent research area. Despite from this, there are several problems that are linked with ineffective cost and time which occur in front of me during gathering data. It also tends to put negative impact on the end of the results for the prominent investigation. So, to overcome these problems I also prepare a Gantt chart that tends to undertake whole activities which I perform for this investigation. With the help of this, I also able to complete the overall study for the allotted period of time. ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Despitefromthis,interviewcanbeundertakenbyresearchasthealternative methodology in the effective manner to collect primary information that tends to include both open ended and close ended questions that are asked from the chosen respondents (Gupta and Sharma, 2016). Therefore, it will help in enhancing the chances of achieving authentic result within the research. 18
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