Impact of Gender equality in leadership and management

This research project focuses on the impact of gender equality in leadership and management, specifically in the context of Sainsbury. It explores the positive and negative effects of gender equality, identifies gender barriers to leadership and management, and provides recommendations for improvement. Find study material, solved assignments, and more on Desklib.

RESEARCH PROJECT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Present research is based on the Impact of Gender equality in leadership and
management. The gender equality is necessary at the workplace as this helpful in enhance the
motivational level of staff members. Under this research, aim and objectives develop on the basis
of specific subject area. In conducting research methodology, secondary data collection method
will be used. There will be different methodologies developed such as research philosophies,
approaches, data collection methods, data analysis and others. Findings are based on primary and
secondary method. Conclusion will be made on the basis of whole research report. There will be
recommendations developed for make improvement in the organisational structure and activities.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................4
Overview of Research.............................................................................................................................4
Background of Research..........................................................................................................................4
Rationale of Research..............................................................................................................................4
Research Aim..........................................................................................................................................5
Research Objectives................................................................................................................................5
Research Questions.................................................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................................6
Gender equality in leadership and management......................................................................................6
Positive and negative impact of the Gender equality in leadership and management in Sainsbury.........6
Gender barriers to Leadership and management in Sainsbury.................................................................7
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................8
Research philosophy................................................................................................................................8
Research Approach..................................................................................................................................8
Research choice.......................................................................................................................................8
Research Strategy....................................................................................................................................9
Time horizon...........................................................................................................................................9
Data collection.......................................................................................................................................10
Sampling...............................................................................................................................................10
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS.....................................................................................11
RESEARCH OUTCOMES.......................................................................................................................22
REFLECTION & RECOMMENDATION FOR ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY......23
Reflection..............................................................................................................................................23
Alternative research methodology.........................................................................................................23
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................................................24
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................24
Recommendations.................................................................................................................................24
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................25

Title: Impact of Gender equality in leadership and management. A study on Sainsbury.
INTRODUCTION
Overview of Research
Equality between genders means equal consideration, recognition and promotion of
various attitudes, desires and needs of women and men. Their rights, responsibilities and
privileges don't depend on the fact they are born male or female. That doesn't mean men and
women will be the same. At the workplace, some of the common equalities that taken place are
gender based imbalances and also command over management of company. Women staffs are
not able to be move up in high paid positions as comparison to men. Equality in the workplace is
achieved when individuals have the same benefits, resources and opportunities regardless of
gender. Workplaces with fair pay with equivalent or similar work (Adamson and et. al., 2016).
Removal of obstacles to women's complete and fair job participation. In an organisation, women
leader are still minority. Men outpace the women in role of leadership. In context to this, women
have attained the parity with men in number of positions and employees in workforce in the
middle management.
Background of Research
The aim of equal treatment and diversity are simple: to insure that everybody has access
and fair treatment to the same opportunities. When an organisation encourage equality and
diversity aggressively (and have a corresponding policy), the company can prosper and people
from all backgrounds will come together and flourish. Women in the leadership and management
tend to favour equitable resource redistribution and also the legislatures with high women share
tends to support. Many of the gender inequalities are mainly enacted with human resources. It is
only because practice ofHuman resources impact on hiring, training, promotion and pay of
women. In relation to this, gender inequality at the workplace might be consisting recruiting and
training to the single gender for specific role (Adriaanseand Claringbould, 2016). Sainsbury is
second largest chain of the supermarkets in United Kingdom. It was founded in year 1922 by
Drury Lane, London. In this organisation, men hold the senior positions than the women that
result in gender pay gap. This company is committed to improving the gender equality and also
acknowledge that there is more done to enhance women representations at the senior roles.
Rationale of Research
The present research has been taken in to consideration on impact of Gender equality in
leadership and management. The rationale for conducting present research is that it provides the
information regarding gender inequality. In an organization, there are fewer roles played by the
women staff in management and leadership and this is a main issue that reduces the morale of

staff members. Other than this, researcher conducts an investigation in personal and professional
context. In context to personal, an investigator wants to enhance the understanding and
knowledge regarding the gender equality at workplace and also its impact on the management
and leadership (Araujo and Tejedo-Romero, 2018). In professional context, researcher conducts
the research for enhancing the research skills and competencies. From this, researcher can able to
conduct the investigation in a better manner in future and also able to deal with any kind of
hurdles arising in research in future.
Research Aim
The aim of this research is “To determine impact of Gender equality in leadership and
management.” A study on Sainsbury in Drury Lane, London.
Research Objectives
 To understand concept of Gender equality in leadership and management.
 To examine positive and negative impact of the Gender equality in leadership and
management in Sainsbury.
 To determine gender barriers to Leadership and management in Sainsbury.
Research Questions
 What is Gender equality in leadership and management?
 What is the impact of Gender equality in the leadership and management in Sainsbury?
 What gender Barriers arise related to Leadership and management in Sainsbury?

LITERATURE REVIEW
It is comprehensive summary of the previous investigation on specific research area. The
literature review is mainly organised around the coherent questions set that provides the answers
by using the secondary method of data collection. In order to collect the information, there have
been secondary sources used such as books, websites, internet sources, journals etc. Other than
this, literature review mainly has the organisational pattern and also combines the synthesis as
well as summary. The main purpose of conducting literature review is to place each work in
relation to contribution for understanding research issue that is being studied.
Gender equality in leadership and management
On the basis of RozitaDadras (2019) Equal treatment of women and men is the equality
of gender. To ensure equality, certain communities take steps to address historical and social
inequalities, which preclude women and men otherwise from playing a "level playing
field."Equality between men and women is a conviction that men and women are to be handled
fairly. Individuals should be exempt from discrimination on grounds of sex. Gender inclusion,
racial equity, social equality or gender equality can also be named. Other than this, organizations
across the world are identifying requirements to determine the capabilities as well as potential of
women and they are coming forwarding with the equal opportunities in company to assure for
reducing the gender gap. Company gives the less importance to female employees in
management and leadership roles. According to their opinion that female employees are less
capable than male. In context to this, there is not lack of the qualified female for filling the
leadership roles. Leadership and management gender gap is persistent as well as pervasive but it
cannot solvable. In order to overcome from this issue, there is a need to manager to develop
equitable workplace culture with developing the fair and flexible expectations for women and
men employees. They need to assure about developing the fair policies by tools such as diversity
related training as well as blind resume screening. Other than this, manager should assure than
male and female employees should receive the equal pay for their work that is equivalent in
context to responsibility level, skills and efforts.
Sainsbury developed the equality and diversity policy aims to assure that talent of
employees are mainly used to full extent and prevent the workplace from discrimination.
Sainsbury have the include workforce that provides the employment opportunities to all people
of community (Coe, Wiley and Bekker, 2019).
Positive and negative impact of the Gender equality in leadership and management in Sainsbury.
According to this view point of Marvel (2018) it has been determine that gender equality
have positive as well as negative both impact on leadership and management within an
organization. Thus, explanations of positive as well as negative impact of gender equality at
Sainsbury are given below:-

Positive impact – By adopting Gender equality Sainsbury able to strengthens
communication within their workplace because through that they able to provide equal
opportunities to both the gender which helps in bringing new ideas as well as thoughts. Along
with this in respective company, Men are typically better at communicating issues and tackling
confrontation, whereas women are more culturally influenced to work as peacemakers and try to
solve an issue internally first. Apart from this, equal opportunities also result in developing
positive environment within Sainsbury through which all employees feel motivated and
encouraged. Furthermore, it also leads to situation at Sainsbury in which there will be no chances
of conflict because equal opportunities will be provided to both gender persons who result in
developing positive environment within respective company as well as it also help in
accomplishing goals and objectives of Sainsbury. Most important is that Sainsbury image will
also create in business environment as they are providing equal opportunities to both male and
females (Coe, Wiley and Bekker, 2019).
Negative impact – Along with positive impact there are some negative aspects that experienced
in Sainsbury related to providing equal opportunities to gender in term of leadership and
management. This is generally take place at respective company because women are sometimes
think with emotions which result in negative impact on leadership as well as management
decision. Moreover at Sainsbury females are not risk takers which may give negative impact on
company as they have to take major decisions sometimes within company (Eden and Gupta,
2017).
Thus, equal gender opportunities have positive as well as negative both impact on management
and leadership of Sainsbury. So to overcome with such type of barriers it is important for
Sainsbury to take major step as they can provide training and development session to employees
for minimizing negative impact (Eden and Gupta, 2017).
Gender barriers to Leadership and management in Sainsbury
As per the view point of RincónDiez, González and Barrero,(2017) it has been determine
that, equal opportunities to gender may result in several barriers to leadership which are
experienced at Sainsbury. As at respective company women’s cannot take major decision in term
of leadership because they take decisions emotionally this may sometimes result in negative
impact on leading a time. Along with this, leading is not this much easy it needs proper training
and development session. Thus, it is considered as responsibility of Sainsbury manager to design
appropriate session for their staff members who help them in overcoming with barriers in
effective manner. It will also help in removing gender barriers to leadership in appropriate
manner. Apart from this there is requirement of formal networks within working a business
environment in appropriate manner at the Sainsbury so that they can attain desire goal as well as
objective. In Sainsbury, women’s lack behind because they don’t have much formal networks in
comparison of men’s. To overcome with this barrier it is essential for Sainsbury female leaders
to build network within business environment because it will help them in conducting their role

of leadership in appropriate manner and also assist in accomplishing goals as well as objectives
(Haile, Emmanuel and Dzathor, 2016).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is considered as technique or tool which is adopted by a research
or project manager in order to identify, choose, process and determine reliable and effective
information about the topic. For researcher it is essential to select proper research method as that
will help them in gathering reliable as well as valid information, data or statistics. There is
several advantages gain by researcher by adopting effective research methodology such as help
in development of logical thinking and organizing and it also help in playing dynamic role in
various field. Along with this selection of proper research methodology aid researcher in
decision making process by attaining their desire goal and objectives (Flynn, Haynes and
Kilgour, 2017). Respective research which is based on determining impact of gender equality in
management and leadership at Sainsbury and for that researcher adopt different research
methods. Under this, research onion has been used and it was developed through Saunders et.
Al. The different layers of research onion given below:
Research philosophy
Research philosophy is considered as tool which deals with source, development of
knowledge and nature. In another word it is considered as belied related to the ways in which
information or data about the phenomenon are collected, analyzed as well as used. There are
several types of research philosophy which researcher may adopt i.e. positivist research
philosophy, interpretive research philosophy, realistic research philosophy and pragmatist
research philosophy (Flynn, Haynes and Kilgour, 2017).
In respect of respective research, researcher has been adopted the pragmatist research
philosophy because through this researcher can identify most reliable as well as appropriate
information or data related to topic. The main advantage of adopting this model is to gather
information from the real world.
Research Approach
Research approach is determined as a plan or procedure which consists of phase of broad
assumptions related to detailed method of collecting, analyzing and interpreting data or
information. This is so natures of research problem are being addressed. Research approach are
divided into two categories i.e. approach of data collection as well as approach of data analysis
or reasoning. Along with this, it is also include inductive and deductive approach which based on
nature of research (Haake, 2018).
In respect of respective research project, researcher has been used the deductive research
approach because through that they able to gather more reliable as well as effective information.
The main advantage which is gain by researcher through respective approach is they able to
measure quantitative data properly as well as it also help in explaining effective relation among
the concepts and variables.

Research choice
It refers to that choice which is adopted by researcher in order to gather more appropriate
as well as authenticate information or data related to research topic. There are different types of
research methods which project manager may adopt i.e. qualitative research method as well as
quantitative research method (Haile, Emmanuel and Dzathor, 2016). Qualitative research method
refers to focus on the quality or feature and they considered phenomenology philosophy. The
method which include in this method is observation or ethnography as and its design is flexible
as well as emerging in nature. Data collection methods used in qualitative research is interview,
observation, artifacts, documents and many more. Their findings are based on description
detailed, comprehensive and holistic information or data. On the other hand, quantitative
research method is quantity focused method which includes number, statistics and data as well as
it is positivism philosophy. Methods include in this are correlation and experiments as well as its
design are based on structured and predetermined information. In quantitative research method
data collection is done with questionnaire, test, inventories and scales.
In respect of respective research, there has been quantitative research method used
because this gives the reliable outcomes and the better understanding regarding specific research
area (Kalysh, Kulik and Perera, 2016). Moreover, project manager adopt this methods because
through that they able to gather numerical as well as statistical data which help in getting desire
goal or outcome.
Research Strategy
In any activity, an individual must create a plan so that the whole task can be performed
on the basis of a structure. It is therefore important for researchers to adopt a single contextual
setting in order to build a better strategy. As there are various research strategies such as
observation, interviews, questionnaire and others
In conducting the present investigation, there has been questionnaire used as research
strategy and collecting the data regarding specific subject area (Kelan and Wratil, 2018).
Time horizon

Data collection
There are various methods for data collection that contribute to the collection of data and
information. This will help to increase the efficacy and validity of whole study. For this context,
the primary and the secondary form contain two kinds of data sources. There has been
questionnaire developed in primary method as gathering the relevant information (Klein, 2016).
Data analysis
It is related to analysis the data that is mainly collected from the primary research. For
analysis of data, there has been MS excel developed because it shows about the answers of
number of respondents. There have been themes developed for proper analysis of collected
information.
Cost and access
Cost is one of the most necessary factors while conducting an investigation. It is essential
that cost is necessary while conducting the research in an appropriate manner. On the other hand,
the access of information collection from primary and secondary data should be on the
researcher.

Sampling
This is related to the successful method in which people from the large population are
selected. The main purpose of this method is to gather detailed information to help draw a clear
conclusion at the end of the study. There are two sampling method, namely probability and non-
probability sampling.
There has been random sampling method as this is main part of probabilistic sampling.
There have been 40 respondents chosen by using random sampling method (Kossek and
Buzzanell, 2018). The main reason behind using this method is that it provides the equal chance
to chosen respondents.

DATA ANALYSISAND INTERPRETATIONS
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Q1) Do you have understanding about the gender equality?
a) Yes
b) No
Q2) Does gender equality develops the negative impact on female employees performance?
a) Yes
b) No
Q3) What are the different causes of gender inequality at workplace?
a)Sexual harassment
b) Racism
c) Women are promoted less than men
Q4) According to your opinion, how does the gender inequality impact on the workplace?
a) Discrimination in HR policies
b) Enactment
c) Effect decision making
Q5) In what manner, gender equality in leadership and management impact on
organizational productivity?
a) Positive manner
b) Negative manner
Q6) Does gender impact on the leadership and management in an organization?
a) Yes
b) No
Q7) What is the impact of Gender inequality in the leadership and management in
Sainsbury?
a) Not promote female employees
b) Reduce wages
c) Minimize morale of female employees
Q8) What are the barriers arise to female management and leadership in Sainsbury
organization?
a)Higher expectations
b) Feeling hesitated
c) Lack of organizational support
Q9) What are the main challenges faced by female employees in leadership and

management?
a) Fighting gender stereotypes
b) Taking risks
c) Managing many roles
Q10) What are the different ways Sainsbury should taken to reduce the gender inequality
at workplace?
a) Educate Senior Leadership
b) Get Women on Boards
c) Promote female employees
Q11) Suggest some ways to promote the female leadership and management at workplace
for enhancing organizational productivity.
Q12) Tell me about the negative impact of gender inequality and hoe this can be
minimized.
DATA SHEET
Q1) Do you have understanding about the gender equality? Frequency
a) Yes 32
b) No 8
Q2) Does gender equality develops the negative impact on
female employees performance?
Frequency
a) Yes 10
b) No 30
Q3) What are the different causes of gender inequality at
workplace?
Frequency
a)Sexual harassment 12
b) Racism 10
c) Women are promoted less than men 18
Q4) According to your opinion, how does the gender inequality
impact on the workplace?
Frequency
a)Discrimination in HR policies 15
b) Enactment 15
c) Effect decision making 10
Q5) In what manner, gender equality in leadership and
management impact on organizational productivity?
Frequency
a) Positive manner 28
b) Negative manner 12
Q6) Does gender impact on the leadership and management in
an organization?
Frequency
a) Yes 30

b) No 10
Q7) What is the impact of Gender inequality in the leadership
and management in Sainsbury?
Frequency
a) Not promote female employees 20
b) Reduce wages 10
c) Minimize morale of female employees 10
Q8) What are the barriers arise to female management and
leadership in Sainsbury organization?
Frequency
a)Higher expectations 18
b) Feeling hesitated 15
c) Lack of organizational support 7
Q9) What are the main challenges faced by female employees in
leadership and management?
Frequency
a) Fighting gender stereotypes 15
b) Taking risks 10
c) Managing many roles 15
Q10) What are the different ways Sainsbury should taken to
reduce the gender inequality at workplace?
Frequency
a) Educate Senior Leadership 20
b) Get Women on Boards 10
c) Promote female employees 10
THEME 1: Understanding about the gender equality
Q1) Do you have understanding about the gender equality? Frequency
a) Yes 32
b) No 8

a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35 32
8
Interpretation: There are 32 respondents and according to them they have understanding about
the gender equality. The gender equality is main cultural and social phenomena under which
there is no discrimination against the people because of their gender. It is an arisen among the
men and women because they are treated equally. On the other hand there are 8 remaining
respondents which do not have any idea regarding the gender equality at workplace.
THEME 2: Gender equality develops the negative impact on female employee’s
performance
Q2) Does gender equality develops the negative impact on female
employees performance?
Frequency
a) Yes 10
b) No 30
a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10
30

Interpretation: According to opinion of 10 respondents that gender equality develops negative
impact on the female staff member’s performance. In an organization, women employees are
treated less favorable as comparison to male employees. The gender inequality in the wages
leads to gender in empowerment that directly minimize the development and productivity by
depressing the female employees and also this minimize the growth by higher fertility and the
lower investment. There are 30 respondents and according to them gender equality does not
develop the negative impact on the female employees performance. As Sainsbury treated the
male and female employees equally and provide the pay on the basis of their job role.
THEME 3:Different causes of gender inequality at workplace
Q3) What are the different causes of gender inequality at workplace? Frequency
a)Sexual harassment 12
b) Racism 10
c) Women are promoted less than men 18
a) Sexual harassment b) Racism c) Women are promoted
less than men
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
12
10
18
Interpretation: On the basis of mentioned graph, there are different causes that arisen the
gender inequality at the workplace. According to 12 respondents that sexual harassment is a
main cause that arise the gender inequality at the workplace. Under this, an obstacle faced by the
many women employees. There are 10 respondents and according to them race seems to play a
main role in how the women employees are treated as well as compensated at workplace. Pay of
female employee receive may vary based on her ethnicity and race. As per opinion of 18
respondents that women are promoted less than the male employees is a main cause that arise the
inequality at workplace. According to them despite being the more educated than men and also
concept constituting half of workforce, women employees are promoted less than the men. This
kind of issue reduces the moral and the performance level of female employees.
THEME 4:Gender inequality impact on the workplace

Q4) According to your opinion, how does the gender inequality impact on
the workplace?
Frequency
a)Discrimination in HR policies 15
b) Enactment 15
c) Effect decision making 10
a) Discrimination in HR
policies b) Enactment c) Effect decision making
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16 15 15
10
Interpretation:On the basis of 15 respondents that discrimination in the human resource policies
gender inequality and it develops negative impact on the organization. Under this, HR develops
the policy in which company gives the less priority and pay skill to the women employees as
comparison to male on same job. There are 15 respondents which said that enactment develops
the negative impact on the workplace due to gender inequality. On the basis of 10 respondents
gender equality develops a negative impact on the decision making of company as female
employees will not give their better performance in order to attaining the specific objectives
within a given period of time.
THEME 5: Gender equality in leadership and management impact on organizational
productivity
Q5) In what manner, gender equality in leadership and management
impact on organizational productivity?
Frequency
a) Positive manner 28
b) Negative manner 12

a) Positive manner b) Negative manner
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 28
12
Interpretation: According to 28respondents that gender equality in the leadership and
management impact positive role on the organizational productivity as in this company gives the
equal importance to male and female employees and provide them leadership and management
position. On the other hand, there are 12respondents and according to them gender equality of
the negative impact in the management and leadership on the organizational productivity.
THEME 6: Gender impact on the leadership and management in an organization
Q6) Does gender impact on the leadership and management in an
organization?
Frequency
a) Yes 30
b) No 10
a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
30
10

Interpretation: As per opinion of 30 respondents that gender inequality develops the impact on
the leadership and management of an organization. Gender plays a necessary role in defining the
leadership and management rules as well as identifies the quality of the services at workplace.
Gender is related to social traits of women and men that frame from relationship and norms to
rules. Social structural perspective causes that qualitative difference in the women and men
normative rules impact on their leadership behavior as well as outcomes. Gender is necessary
because of formal perception that the male gender roles are with leadership role as comparison to
female gender roles. On the other hand, there are 10 respondents which are disagreeing with the
given statement.
THEME 7: Impact of Gender inequality in the leadership and management in Sainsbury
Q7) What is the impact of Gender inequality in the leadership and
management in Sainsbury?
Frequency
a) Not promote female employees 20
b) Reduce wages 10
c) Minimize morale of female employees 10
a) Not promote female
employees b) Reduce wages c) Minimize morale of
female employees
0
5
10
15
20
25
20
10 10
Interpretation: On the basis of 20 respondents that impact of gender equality in leadership and
management is not to promote the female employees at the management and leadership level.
This kind of issue minimizes the morale as well as their working affect in a negative manner. On
the basis of 10 respondents that minimize the basic pay develops the negative impact on the
leadership and management inSainsbury. According to them, company provides the less faces to
the female employees is comparison to male. According to 10respondents that reduce the moral
of the female staff members in the leadership and Management in Sainsbury Company.
THEME 8: Barriers arise to female management and leadership in Sainsbury

Q8) What are the barriers arise to female management and leadership in
Sainsbury organization?
Frequency
a)Higher expectations 18
b) Feeling hesitated 15
c) Lack of organizational support 7
a) Higher expectations b) Feeling hesitated c) Lack of organizational
support
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20 18
15
7
Interpretation: From the above mentioned graph it has been stated that there are many barriers
arise to the female leadership and Management in Sainsburyorganization.According to 18
respondents that higher Expectations of the female employees arise issue in their management
and leadership. There are 15 respondents which said that women employees in Sainsbury feels
hesitated while they are contacting with any senior management and the other people. According
to 7 respondents that female employees has the lack organizational support and it arise the issue
in their leadership and Management in sensory organization.
THEME 9: Challenges faced by female employees in leadership and management
Q9) What are the main challenges faced by female employees in
leadership and management?
Frequency
a) Fighting gender stereotypes 15
b) Taking risks 10
c) Managing many roles 15

a) Fighting gender
stereotypes b) Taking risks c) Managing many roles
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16 15
10
15
Interpretation: On the basis of 15 respondents that the main challenges faced by the female
employees in the management and leadership is to fighting the gender stereotypes. There are 10
remaining respondents which are agreed with taking risk by the female employees. On the basis
of 15 respondents that female employees face the many risk as to managing the several job roles
and it is difficult for them to manage the many roles at the one time.
THEME 10:Ways Sainsbury should taken to reduce the gender inequality at workplace
Q10) What are the different ways Sainsbury should taken to reduce the
gender inequality at workplace?
Frequency
a) Educate Senior Leadership 20
b) Get Women on Boards 10
c) Promote female employees 10
a) Educate Senior
Leadership b) Get Women on Boards c) Promote female
employees
0
5
10
15
20
25
20
10 10

Interpretation: On the basis of 20 respondents that SainsburyCompany should educate its senior
leadership to inform the women employees so that gender inequality can be removed from
workplace. There are 10 respondents and according to them company should kept woman on
their boards and also in the necessary decision making process. On the basis of 10
remainingrespondents that company should promote its female employee so that their morale can
be enhanced and focus on attaining the specific objectives.

RESEARCH OUTCOMES
Gender equality in leadership and management
In the literature review part it has been discussed that gender equality is related to treating
the male and female employees at workplace equally. Company give them responsibilities on the
basis of interest area of female employees. Sainsbury Companygive the role of management and
leadership to the female staff members so that they can be motivated and work effectively for
attaining the specific objectives. The female employees are more capable and Sainsbury
organisation include them in the decision making process.
Positive and negative impact of the Gender equality in leadership and management in Sainsbury.
It has been examined that there is Positive and negative impact of the Gender equality in
leadership and management in Sainsbury. In the positive impact studied that Equality between
men and women enhances cooperation within the organization as gender is equally entitled to
contribute both to bringing new ideas and thought. The creation of a healthy climate in Sainsbury
also results in fair opportunities. There will be no opportunity to argue, as gender inclusion
would result in both the creation of a supportive atmosphere within the business and the
achievement of Sainsbury goals. On the other hand, the negative impact is not to including the
female employees in the management and leadership role.
Gender barriers to Leadership and management in Sainsbury
There has been stated about the Gender barriers to Leadership and management in
Sainsbury. In this, company develops the biasness among the male and female employees and
also gives the more importance to the male staff members. It has been discussed that Since
women cannot take big leadership decisions, because they make emotional decisions, it can often
have a negative effect on leadership. Lack of women because in contrast to men, they don't have
many structured networks. It is important to female leaders to develop networks in the business
world in order to eliminate this obstacle, because this will enable them to fulfill their leadership
position properly and help them achieve objectives and goals.
Findings to stakeholders
Stakeholders include those who are involved in an organization's activities and other
functions. This requires those who endorse and oppose an investigation. Different people
involved include owners, staff, administrators, analysts and shareholders in the investigation. A
company must provide stakeholders with accurate and valid knowledge about research findings,

because these are the key components of the study. It helps create positive results in future
research and stakeholders may participate and take an interest in future research.

REFLECTION & RECOMMENDATION FOR ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
Reflection
Present research focuses on Impact of Gender equality in leadership and management. From
conducting this present investigation, my skills and the knowledge has been enhanced and can
have better understanding regarding the gender equality in management and leadership at
workplace. In these different methods and techniques of analysis that help to efficiently conduct
the study. As an investigator I used different techniques to collect and collect relevant
information about the subject. In research methodology, I used the pragmatist research
philosophy because by this an investigator can determine most reliable information or data
regarding topic. I used the deductive research approach because it helped in able to collect more
effective information. For the above case, I have used a primary data collection methodology that
encourages the gathering of reliable information which allowed me to make the right research
decision. I have prepared a questionnaire that includes multiple final questions from chosen
respondents. In order to analyse the data, thematic analysis has been used by developing the
themes and make interpretations of collected data and information. Other than this, I faced a
variety of other problems and difficulties, including insufficient time and cost. I have failed to
complete my analysis adequately. In order to solve the problems, I therefore created a Gantt
chart which includes all essential work, along with a set and allocated timeline, to finish the
project successfully.
Alternative research methodology
In the present investigation, questionnaire method has been used through researcher for
collecting as well as analyzing the data in an effective manner.
Other than this, interview is one of the effective successful alternative methods of study
that is part of the primary method in which open ended questions are posed by selected
respondents with a view to the collection of specific data and basic information. This method
will be used through research in future. One of the key benefits of interview methodology is that
selected respondents understand their exact opinions, thoughts and views on the stated subject,
which leads to positive outcomes.
From conducting the present investigation, I can able to manage the research activities on
the basis of given time period so that I can not face any kind of issues in future and able to get
the positive outcomes. Other than this, I will take the suggestions or advice from my superior
about conducting the research in systematic manner or within specific time period.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
It has been concluded from the above mention report that gender equality at workplace
develops the positive working environment and also provides the equal job opportunities to male
and female employees at workplace. In present investigation, aim and objectives has been
developed on the basis of gender equality and its impact on the management and leadership. The
literature review part has been done by collecting the data and information from using secondary
sources for an instance books, articles, journals and others. The research onion has been used to
collecting as well as analyzing the specific tools and techniques in research methodology. In
given report, questionnaire has been used for collecting the data and information in authentic
ways. For filling the questionnaire, there have been 40 respondents chosen by using random
sampling method.
Recommendations
The present research has been taken into consideration on Impact of Gender equality in
leadership and management. Regarding this, there are some recommendations given below:
 Sainsbury company should include the female employees in b0adrds and also in the
decision making process.
 Company should give the leadership and management roles to female staff members so
that they can feel valuable and also motivated.
 Company should develop the fair HR policies and also give the equal responsibilities and
also pay scale to female employees as euqal to male or on the basis of job role.
 Management of Sainsbury should provide the training for improving knowledge of
employees regarding removing the gender inequality from the workplace.

#

Research method- It refers to that choice which is adopted by researcher in order to gather more
appropriate as well as authenticate information or data related to research topic. There are
different types of research methods which project manager may adopt i.e. qualitative research
method as well as quantitative research method. In respect of respective research, there has been

quantitative research method used because this gives the reliable outcomes and the better
understanding regarding specific research area.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
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inclusion in organizations. Human Resource Management International Digest.
Adriaanse, J.A. and Claringbould, I., 2016. Gender equality in sport leadership: From the
Brighton Declaration to the Sydney Scoreboard. International Review for the Sociology
of Sport.51(5). pp.547-566.
Araujo, J.F.F.E. and Tejedo-Romero, F., 2018. Does gender equality affect municipal
transparency: The case of Spain.Public Performance & Management Review.41(1).pp.69-
99.
Coe, I.R., Wiley, R. and Bekker, L.G., 2019.Organisational best practices towards gender
equality in science and medicine. The Lancet.393(10171).pp.587-593.
Eden, L. and Gupta, S., 2017. Culture and context matter: gender in international business and
management. Forthcoming in Cross Cultural and Strategic Management, Special Issue
on" Gender in International Business and Management.
Flynn, P.M., Haynes, K. and Kilgour, M.A. eds., 2017.Integrating gender equality into business
and management education: Lessons learned and challenges remaining.Routledge.
Flynn, P.M., Haynes, K. and Kilgour, M.A. eds., 2017.Overcoming challenges to gender equality
in the workplace: Leadership and innovation. Routledge.
Haake, U., 2018. Conditions for gender equality in police leadership–making way for senior
police women.Police practice and research.19(3).pp.241-252.
Haile, S., Emmanuel, T. and Dzathor, A., 2016. BARRIERS AND CHALLEGES
CONFRONTING WOMEN FOR LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT POSITIONS:
REVIEW AND ANALYSIS. International Journal of Business & Public
Administration.13(1).
Kalysh, K., Kulik, C.T. and Perera, S., 2016. Help or hindrance?Work–life practices and women
in management.The Leadership Quarterly.27(3).pp.504-518.
Kelan, E.K. and Wratil, P., 2018. Post‐heroic leadership, tempered radicalism and senior leaders
as change agents for gender equality. European Management Review.15(1).pp.5-18.

Klein, U., 2016, January. Gender equality and diversity politics in higher education: Conflicts,
challenges and requirements for collaboration. In Women's Studies International Forum
(Vol. 54, pp. 147-156).Pergamon.
Kossek, E.E. and Buzzanell, P.M., 2018. Women's career equality and leadership in
organizations: Creating an evidence‐based positive change. Human Resource
Management.57(4). pp.813-822.
Kuhlmann, E. and et. al., 2017.Closing the gender leadership gap: a multi-centre cross-country
comparison of women in management and leadership in academic health centres in the
European Union.Human resources for health.15(1).p.2.
Madsen, S.R. and Scribner, R.T., 2017.A perspective on gender in management.Cross Cultural
& Strategic Management.
Marvel, J.D., 2018. Change agents or cogs in the machine? Female managers and unofficial
gender equality in federal agencies. Public Performance & Management
Review. 41(2).pp.328-364.
Metz, I., Harzing, A.W. and Zyphur, M.J., 2016. Of journal editors and editorial boards: who are
the trailblazers in increasing editorial board gender equality?.British journal of
Management.27(4). pp.712-726.
Ortenblad, A., Marling, R. and Vasiljevic, S. eds., 2017.Gender equality in a global
perspective.Taylor & Francis.
RincónDiez, V., González, M. and Barrero, K., 2017. Women and leadership: Gender barriers to
senior management positions. Intangible Capital. 13(2).pp.319-386.
Wilson, F.M., 2016. Women in management in the United Kingdom.In Women in management
worldwide (pp. 109-120). Gower.
Online
Dadras, R., 2019. Why everyone should prioritize gender equality in leadership. [Online].
Available through: <https://www.ibm.com/blogs/nordic-msp/gender-equality-
leadership/>.

APPENDIX
RESEARCH PROPOSAL FORM
Proposed Title: To determine impact of Gender equality in leadership and management.
A study on Sainsbury.
Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities
Title or working title of the research project (in the form of a question, objective or
hypothesis)
To determine impact of Gender equality in leadership and management. A study on
Sainsbury.
Aim: The main aim of this research is “To determine impact of Gender equality in
leadership and management.” A study on Sainsbury in Drury Lane, London.
Research objectives (e.g what is the question you want to answer? What do you want to
learn how to do? What do you want to find out?):
Research Objectives
 To understand concept of Gender equality in leadership and management.
 To examine positive and negative impact of the Gender equality in leadership and
management in Sainsbury.
 To determine gender barriers to Leadership and management in Sainsbury.
Research Questions
 What is Gender equality in leadership and management?
 What is the impact of Gender equality in the leadership and management in
Sainsbury?
 What gender Barriers arise related to Leadership and management in Sainsbury?
Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project
Reasons for choosing the project (e.g links to other subjects you are studying, personal
interest, future plans, knowledge/skills you want to improve, why the topic is
important):

My reason is to conducting present investigation is that it provides me the information
regarding gender equality in the management and leadership. I conduct an investigation from
personal and professional point of view. For enhance understanding, I present investigation.
On the other hand, in professional context, present research gives me better understanding
regarding concepts. Through conducting this investigation, I get to know about the issues
related to gender equality in management and the leadership in an organisation. Present
investigation gives idea and direction about investigate in a systematic manner. It aids in
increase my skills and core competencies to conduct any investigation in future.
Section Three: Literature sources searched
Use of key literature sources to support your research question, objective or hypothesis:
Gender equality in leadership and management
According to opinion of Rozita Dadras (2019) Gender equality is linked to the sustainable
development and necessary to realization of the human rights. Its objective is to equality
under which men and women enjoy similar opportunities, obligations and rights in all sphere
of the life. Gender equality in management and leadership is better for the business. In
business world, women leaders are minority still, but they attained parity with men in
number if employees in positions and workforce in the middle management. Overwhelming
majority of companies stated that advancing women into the leadership roles in not formal
business priority.
Positive and negative Impact of Gender equality in leadership and management in
Sainsbury
On the basis of Rhett Power (2018) Gender equality is more imperative to achieve well-being
of employees and it is necessary for the company to promoting the gender equality in
leadership and management at workplace. At workplace, gender balance aids innovation and
power creativity that deepens talent pool and permit to provide better services to consumers.
Sainsbury is one of the largest chains of the supermarkets in United Kingdom. It provides the
inclusive and diverse place to work to staff. Its strategy is to be inclusive retailer where
people can feel better to work and shop. In this organisation, there are 55% female
employees and firm up-skilling and engaging their leadership and management teams by
series of sessions. The negative impact of the gender equality in management and leadership
is that mangers mainly gives chance to male employees than female and it reduce the morale
of female employees so that they can work less. According to them, male employees are
more liable or responsible.

Gender Barriers to Leadership and management in Sainsbury
As per opinion of Dr. Shawn Andrews (2020), In leadership and management, there are some
barriers arisen. Barriers hinder the career advancement of women consisting gender culture
and emotional intelligence. In context to this, reason behind gap among women and men are
multifactorial and existed for the generations. Some of the barriers related to gender
leadership and management in Sainsbury are structural barriers, institutional mindset,
lifestyles choices and many others.
Online
Power, R., 2018. More Women in Leadership Roles -- Why and How It Should Happen. [Online].
Available through: <https://www.inc.com/rhett-power/more-women-in-leadership-roles-why-how-
it-should-happen.html>.
Dadras, R., 2019. Why everyone should prioritize gender equality in leadership. [Online]. Available
through” <https://www.ibm.com/blogs/nordic-msp/gender-equality-leadership/>.
Andrews, S., 2020. Gender Barriers and Solutions to Leadership. [Online]. Available through:
<https://trainingindustry.com/magazine/issue/gender-barriers-and-solutions-to-leadership/c>.
What is Gender Equality?. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.genderequality.ie/en/GE/Pages/WhatisGE>.
Gender Equality. 2016. [Online]. Available through: <https://www.includegender.org/facts/gender-
equality/>.
Bridges, J., 2020.Leadership vs. Management, What’s the Difference?. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.projectmanager.com/training/leadership-vs-management>.
Women in leadership bring better business performance. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_701767/lang--en/index.htm>.
Section Four: Activities and timescales
Activities to be carried out during the research project :
Aims and Objectives
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Submission of Research Proposal
End dates
18/02/2020
12/03/2020
2/4/2020
3/4/2020

Data Collection analysis
Results of findings
Evaluation and Recommendation
Submission of final report
24/4/2020
5/5/2020
15/5/2020
18/5/2020
Milestone one: _____Formulate title, objectives and questions____________
Target date (set by tutor): ______07/01/19______________
Milestone two: ___Review literature____________________
Target date (set by tutor): __________10/02/20____________
Gantt Chart

Section Five: Research approach and methodologies
What type of research approach and methodologies are you likely to use and why?
What your areas of research will cover:
Methodology is explained as methods which used in a particular study area. It consists the
specific techniques implemented for collecting and analysing data in research. Under this,
research onion is used and its stages are given below:
Research Philosophy- The philosophy of research is primarily important to knowing how
the information can be gathered, analysed and applied appropriately. It is a specific way of
creating knowledge which explains philosophy paradigm. Interpretivism and positivism are
two different research philosophy types. Positivism philosophy will be used because it is
effective for the clear interpretation in collecting relevant information concerning specific
area.
Research Approaches- This is described as process which considered steps from the
broader assumptions to the method of detailed data collection, analysis and interpretation as
well. Inductive and deductive are two different research approaches. Deductive research
approach will be used because it gives the detailed explanation and give analyse data
effectively.
Research Strategy- This indicates how the researchers plan to perform the work. Strategy
may consist of number of different methods such as action analysis, systematic review of
literature, interviews, surveys etc. Under this, researcher used the approach of performing the
survey by questionnaire. This method is effective because through this researcher can easily
collect data in minimum time period.

Research Choice- In this, quantitative and qualitative analysis are two different methods.
Results are measured in terms of consistency in qualitative research process. In comparison,
quantitative analysis follows deductive approach and is efficiently measured in terms of facts
in this data and information. Under this, qualitative research method will be used because
this gives the proper explanation regarding specific area. This gives the proper explanation
regarding the subject area with positive outcomes.
Time horizon- In this, cross-sectional time horizon will be used with an inquiry that takes
place over time. This research focuses mainly on the current situation. The cross-sectional
timing will be used with research that was carried out over a given time.
Data collection tools- In research, knowledge collection is a foundation, as the entire
analysis relates to data aggregated through an investigator to perform exploration. Collection
of data is a method of gathering and analysing relevant information through the appropriate
techniques for an investigation. Primary and secondary are two data collection methods. In
primary method, questionnaire will be developed. Through this, relevant and accurate
information can collected.
Sampling- It is related to gather the sample from whole population. There will be 40
respondents chosen by using random sampling method.
Comments and agreement from tutor
Comments (optional):
I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be submitted for another
qualification and is appropriate.
Agreed: ________________ (name)_______________ Date ______________
Comments and agreement form project proposal checker( IV sampling)
Comments (Optional):
I confirm that the project is appropriate.
Agreed /Disagree: (Name of the IV)
Date

RESEARCH ETHICS APPROVAL FORM
All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of data
collected form human participants are required to gain ethical approval before commencing their
research. Please answer all relevant questions and note that your form may be returned if
incomplete.
For further support and guidance please see your respective Unit Tutor:
Before completing this form, we advise that you discuss your proposed research fully with your
unit tutor. Please complete this form in good time before your research project is due to
commence.
Section 1: Basic details:
Project title: To determine impact of Gender equality in leadership and management.
A study on Sainsbury.
Student name:
Student ID number:
Programme:
College Name:
Intended research start date:
Intended research end date: 7 may 2020
Section 2 Project summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as a part of your project:
 Interviews Yes No
 Questionnaires Yes No
 Observations Yes No
 Use of personal records Yes No
 Data Analysis Yes No
 Action Research Yes No
 Focus Groups Yes No
 Others (Please specify) :
Section 3: Participants

Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants?
Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:
Ages 12-16: Young people aged: 17-18 Adults: 18 and above
How will participants be recruited (identified an approached)?
They will be recruit through using the simple random sampling method.
Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are doing:
The participants will be informed through emails and interview.
How will you obtain consent from participants? Will this be written? How will it be made
clear to participants that they may withdraw consent to participate at any time?
The consent will be obtaining from participants by email.
Studies involving questionnaires: will participants be given the option of omitting questions
that do not wish to answer?
Yes No
If no please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues arising from this
Studies involving observation: Confirm whether participants will be asked for their
informed consent to be observed.
Yes No
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e give them a brief
explanation of the study)?
Yes No
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study?(This could be a

brief summary of your findings in general)
Yes No
Section 4: Data Storage and Security
Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with the Data
Protection Act (1998)
Yes No
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
Researcher will access data and personal information.
During the research:
Where will the data be stored?
Data will be stored in personal computer.
Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used
Yes No
If Yes, please provide further details:
After the research:
Where will the data be stored? Researcher’s laptop
How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format? 3 months
Will data be kept for use by other researchers? Yes No
Section 5 : Ethical Issues
Are there any particular features of your proposed work, which may raise ethical concerns?
If so, please outline how you will deal with these:
It is important that you demonstrate your awareness of potential risks that may arise because
of your research. Please consider/address all issues that may apply. Ethical concerns may

include, but are not limited to the following :
 Informed consent.
 Potentially vulnerable participants.
 Sensitive topics
 Risk to participants and /or researchers
 Confidentiality/anonymity
 Disclosures/ limits to confidentiality
 Data storage and security, both during and after the research (including
transfer, sharing, encryption, protection).
 Reporting
 Dissemination and use of your findings.
Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research and Ethics Policy:
Yes No
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit Tutor:
Yes No
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct, and this is a full description of the ethical issues that
may arise in the course of my research
Name: Date:
Please submit your completed form to your supervisor and also attach to the Research
Proposal when submitting to Turnitin.