Social Participation and Disability: A Literature Review

This assignment presents a comprehensive literature review examining the connection between social participation and various types of disabilities. It delves into research on older adults, individuals with intellectual disabilities, multiple sclerosis, and aphasia, highlighting the impact of social interaction on functional disability prevention and overall well-being. The review analyzes studies using methodologies like propensity score matching, instrumental variable analyses, and longitudinal examinations, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of this important topic.

RESEARCH PROJECT

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH PROPOSAL.........................................................................................1
a) .................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Project outline specification..................................................................................................1
1.2 Factors that contribute to the process of research project.....................................................2
1.4 Research specifications ........................................................................................................2
1.5 Research plan and procedure................................................................................................3
2.1 Research questions................................................................................................................4
b) (1.3) Literature Review...........................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH DIARY................................................................................................6
2.2 Proposed research investigation in accordance with agreed specification............................6
2.3 Recording of data..................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS..............................................................................................................9
a) Effectiveness of proposed evaluation techniques...................................................................9
b) (3.1,3.2) Appropriate research evaluation technique and interpretation...............................10
c) Recommendations.................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 4: PEET-TO-PEER VIVA WITH TRANSCRIPT ....................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

Research Topic:
“Living with disability and long term conditions”
CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH PROPOSAL
a)
1.1 Project outline specification
Epilepsy is the medical condition which can be defined as disability. Such type of
disabilities affect individual's ability to great extent. When person suffers from such type of
conditions since long duration then it demotivate them and they lose their confidence as well.
Society members look at these people from different perceptive which affects their quality of life
Government has made health care legislation to provide quality treatment to such disable
persons so that these people can live their life happily (Kwiatkowski and et.al, 2014). The main
issue faced by them that society members do not treat them well and do not give therm equal
opportunities. It makes them members and their social participation gets finished. If the
individual is suffering from leg or hand disability then individual has to take support of
wheelchairs or etc. In such condition they find it difficult to go to social gathering easily. Apart
from this such type of condition decreases their confidence thus, they fail to coordinate well with
others as well (Gudu and et.al, 2016).
Present research project will explain the impact of disability and long term condition on
social participation. Furthermore, it will investigate perception of society members for disability
patients. It will illustrate issues faced by disable people in the society and will give suggestions
so that such type of patients can participate in society effectively.
Aim
“To analyse the impact of disability and long term conditions on social participation”.
Objectives
 To understand issues faced by persons those who are living with disability and long term
conditions.
 To analysis impact of disability and long term conditions on social participation.
 To investigate perception of society members for disability persons. To suggest ways to increase social participation of people living with disability and long
term conditions.
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Research question
 What issues faced by persons those who are living with disability and long term
conditions?
 How disability and long term conditions impact on social participation?
 Explain perception of society members for disability persons?
1.2 Factors that contribute to the process of research project
The present research project is based on the living with disabilities and long term
conditions. This subject is related with health and social care system. There are various factors
which contribute well of this research project (Hsieh and et.al, 2015). These are as following:
Data Collection
UK is the country where many disable persons are living. They do not actively participate
in society. On this topic researcher can gathered huge information. Statistics are available on the
topic thus, scholar has chosen this topic for the present study.
Area of interest
Living with disability and long term condition Is related with health and social care
sector. Researcher has huge interest in this field thus individual has selected this topic so that
person can prepare quality report on it (Magasi and et.al, 2015). Due to interesting area
researcher has experience about disability persons so investigator can explain situation well and
conduct research project in effective manner.
Availability of sources
Many authors have conducted their report on the same topic. So researcher has
availability of sufficient sources and with the help of these sources individual can prepare this
project effectively (Kanamori and et.al, 2014).
Feasible subject matter
Living with disability and long term condition is feasible subject so researcher has option
to conduct quality investigation in it.
1.4 Research specifications
Research methodology can be defined ass theoretical analysis methods which supports
the scholar in carrying out investigation in effective manner. It is considered as systematic plan
in which researcher collect information about the topic and describe facts and figures related to
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the same. Research methodologies supports scholar in identifying problems and finding solution
on these issues (Mackey and Gass, 2015).
In the present research project scholar will take support of interpretivism philosophy.
With the help of this tool research can be able to conduct investigation as per the objective of
research. In addition, investigator will adopt descriptive research design that will support in
identifying relationship between disability and social participation. This approach will be
beneficial in describing element of disability and social participation.
Furthermore, researcher will collect information from primary and secondary data
collection sources. Both these methods are effective and helpful in developing better
understanding about the subject matter (Hikichi and et.al, 2015). Through interview scholar will
be able to get first hand details about perception of disable persons and how much they
participant in the society. Apart from this, scholar will take some of the data from already
available information such as books, journals, internet articles etc. Furthermore, researcher will
take support of random sampling technique for the present research project.
1.5 Research plan and procedure
Activity 1th
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Selection of
research
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Review of
previous
Literature
Mapping up
research
methodology
Completing
Proposal
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Preparation
of interview
questions
Recording
Research and
carry out
data Analysis
by using
thematic
analysis tool
Discussion
and
Conclusion
Editing and
Completing
final report
2.1 Research questions
 Name
 Age
 Gender
 How many disable patients come to your hospital?
 Do you think that disable and long term condition patients actively participate in social
activities?
 Does disable persons gets discrimination in the society?
 What is the perception of such type of patients about society?
 What is the main issue faced by persons those who are living with disability and long
term conditions?
 Do you think that disable persons always need supervision or help to perform their daily
activities?
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 Do you think that disability and long term conditions affect mental status of patient?
 How disable persons can increase their social participation?
b) (1.3) Literature Review
Issues faced by persons living with disability and long term conditions
As per the view of Newall, McArthur and Menec, (2015) long term conditions are
diseases which can not be cured easily, medical professionals can only control its complications
by giving quality treatment to these patients. Diabetes, epilepsy, blood pressure etc. are long term
diseases which impact on human health badly. Due to these medical problem's person fail to live
quality life. Sylvestre and et.al, (2016) has stated that long term condition and disabilities can
affect person's family relationships and can decrease ability to perform their work effectively.
Disability decreases confidence of the patient and due to this issue they feel under confident. Due
to lack of confident they do not participate in the society meetings actively (Impact of wheelchair
acquisition on social participation, 2009).
According to Kanamori and et.al, (2014) Disability and long term medical condition
create different perception of society members towards the patient. They do not treat them well
and do not behave equally as other people. That is the reason that disable patients do not get
equal opportunities to grow well in their life. Sometimes doctors and medical staff members do
not provide them quality treatment and behave rude with them.
Kwiatkowski and et.al, (2014) stated that disability and long term conditions creates
depression situation for the patient and individual fail to go outside and make new friends. It
increases situation of loneliness among them which affects their mental status to great extent.
Communication is the major issue faced by these disable persons because due to their medical
illness they feel nervous to discuss their problems with others. Due to poor communication they
do not actively participate in society meetings (Social participation for older people with
aphasia: the impact of communication disability on friendships, 2008).
Impact of disability and long term conditions on social participation
As per the view of Hikichi and et.al, (2015) 14.3% population of UK live with disability.
Society members do not treat such type of patients well and they create embarrassing condition
for these people. Statistical facts show that 1 in 10 or approx 13.9% people those who are
disable are working in the organization. Otherwise, companies do not employed such type of
persons those who are suffering from disability and long term condition. Most of the young
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children those who has any disease they do not continue their studies. That decreases their
confident which impact on their metal condition. It demotivate them and develops sense of fear
among them. That is why they do not participate in society and live lonely life.
According to Sylvestre and et.al, (2016) disable persons fail to complete their daily
activities effectively and do not perform their social role properly. Patients those who have to
take support of wheelchair for going outside, they feel difficulty to move here and there. That is
why they do not prefer to participate in social activities. Apart from this disability make them
little lazy and they can not perform their duties alone. This things impact on their psychology
and they fail to coordinate well in society.
Perception of society members for disability persons
As per the view of Magasi and et.al, (2015) living with disability and long term condition
is the serious issue for patients it not only impacts patient's mental status but also change
perception of society members. Perception of society is not good for disable people, they do not
behave with them well that creates negativity in the mind of persons. That is why people living
with long term condition do not like to participate in the society.
According to Kanamori and et.al, (2014) social engagement is closely associated with
physical functioning and disability of human being. People those who are living with any
disability or long term disease they take support of internet or social networking sites to be
connected with the persons. They feel little difficulty to go any other place so they find it easy to
coordinate with friends and families on these social sites. On these social networking sites
society members treat such people well.
CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH DIARY
2.2 Proposed research investigation in accordance with agreed specification
Research methodology can be defined as process for collecting information about the
subject matter. The main purpose of using research methods are to collect in-depth detail about
topic so that individual can find optimistic results (Vaioleti, 2016).
Research philosophy
Research philosophy explains way to gather information about the subject matter. It is the
great tool which assists in analysing details and developing understanding about the topic.
Selection of appropriate research philosophy impact on overall result of the study. Philosophies
defined actual phenomenon through which scholar become able to meet the objectives.
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Positivism and interpretivism are two main methods related to research philosophy ((Anney,
2014)).
Positivism approach explains observation and description are two main tools that can
help in gathering information about subject matter. With the help of this method individual can
discover false facts and can conduct the investigation in structural manner. On other hand
interpretivism approach is another tool which pays more attention on subjective part rather than
conducting study from objective point of view ((Gast and Ledford, 2014)). In such type of
method researcher take support of human being in order to gather detail about the topic.
In the present research project on impact of disability and long term condition on social
participation scholar has used interpretivism philosophy. It helps in carrying out the investigation
in effective manner and gathering all relevant information about the topic.
Research design
The research design is considered as overall strategy which helps in integrating several
components so that study can be conducted in logical manner. There are various types of
research designs such as descriptive, exploratory and experimental designs. Exploratory designs
can be defined as tool that helps in exploring the topic in effective manner (Panneerselvam,
2014). Descriptive research design is another tool which assists in describing the elements
effectively. It is theoretical analysis tool which supports in describing elements by taking support
of theories and models.
In the present research project on impact of disability and long term conditions on social
participation of disable persons, scholar has taken support of descriptive research design. It is
considered as one of the effective tool because through models, theories individual can develop
good understanding about the subject matter and can find results (Vaioleti, 2016).
Research Approach
It is another tool of research methodology in which scholar can conduct investigation
either in general way or in the specific manner. It is considered as one of the effective way
through which individual can improve their knowledge about the subject matter. There are two
different types of methods; inductive and deductive. Both these are used in different types of
research projects. Inductive research approach is general application in the qualitative type of
researches on other had in the deductive approach researcher has to make hypotheses in order to
get results (Flick, 2015).
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In the present study on impact of disability and long term condition on social
participation of disable person, scholar has used inductive research design. By involving theories
and models individual has become able to get results.
Data collection
It is one of the main aspect of research methodology which helps in developing
understanding about the subject matter. Primary and secondary are two main methods of data
collection. In the primary data collection method researcher gather details by using questioning
or interview technique. On other hand in the secondary data collection method researcher uses
books, journals, internet articles or can be say already available data in order to get results
(Mackey and Gass, 2015).
In the current study researcher will use interview primary data collection tool and has
gathered information by own with the help of interview technique.
Sampling
Sampling is the method in which scholar select some samples from the universe those
who can give accurate answers on the subject matter. In the present research project researcher
has taken support of random sampling technique and has gathered information from 4 medical
professionals (Vaioleti, 2016).
Data Analysis
In is one of the most important part of research project because in this researcher analysis
all collected information effectively that supports in getting optimistic results about the subject
matter (Anney, 2014). In the present investigation on the impact of disability and long term
conditions on disable persons scholar has taken support of thematic analysis tool. Graphs and
charts are effective methods to present any information about the topic.
2.3 Recording of data
Theme 1: Disable patients come to hospital in a week
Between 1-2 Participant A, C
Between 3-5 Participant B
Between 5-7 Participant D
Theme 2: Disable and long term condition's patients actively participate in social activities
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Strongly agree no
Agree Participant C
Disagree Participant A,B
Strongly disagree Participant D
Theme 3: Disable persons have to face discrimination in the society
Yes Participant A,B,C
No Participant D
Theme 4: Perception of such type of patients for society
They are happy with society reaction Participant A
No satisfied Participant B
Fee insulted Participant C,D
Theme 5: Main issue faced by persons those who are living with disability and long term
conditions
Communication issue Participant A
Poor attention Participant D
Discrimination Participant B,C
No issue No Participant
Theme 6: Disable persons always need supervision or help from others to perform their daily
activities
Yes Participant B, D
No Participant A, C
Theme 7: Disability and long term conditions affect mental status of patient
Strongly agree Participant A,B,
Agree Participant C
Disagree Participant D
Theme 8: Disable persons can increase their social participation
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Family and social support Participant A,B
Self motivation Participant D,C
CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS
a) Effectiveness of proposed evaluation techniques
For the present topic on impact of disability and long term condition on social
participation of disable persons researcher will take support of various tools and techniques.
These techniques help scholar in carrying out investigation in effective manner. In the present
investigation scholar will take support of interpretivism philosophy. Present study is qualitative
in nature so by this tool researcher will be able to carry out the study in subjective manner. By
this way individual will be able to get in-depth information about the topic. Primary data which
is associated with interpretivism philosophy are considered as valid and reliable. It helps in in-
depth discussion on the topic.
Furthermore, scholar has used descriptive research design, it is considered as scientific
method which helps in describing the data without any influence. Current research topic is
qualitative in nature that supports in describing each element related to subject matter effectively.
By this way individual will be able to develop understanding about topic and will be able to draw
valid conclusion. It will assist the investigator in knowing about perception of disable persons
and their social participation. It is beneficial in identifying variables so that researcher can collect
all relevant information about subject matter.
Inductive research design is the tool which will be used by scholar in this investigation.
With the help of this method individual will be able to carrying out the research project from
general to specific manner. Investigator will involve theories and models to meet with the
objective by this way individual will be able to gather detail about impact of disability on
person's social participation. Involvement of human being in the research project can be
considered as effective way because by this way researcher can gather realistic information about
the topic and can draw valid conclusion.
Furthermore, scholar will use interview primary data collection method for gathering
information about the impact of disability on social participation. This method is effective
because respondent are treating these disable persons so they can explain effectively about their
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perception and their thoughts about social participation. Thematic analysis tool also a great
method which supports scholar in presenting the data properly by using graphs and carts. As it is
qualitative study thus, use of thematic approach is accurate because by this way individual will
be able to present responses of participants effectively which will help in drawing valid
conclusion.
b) (3.1,3.2) Appropriate research evaluation technique and interpretation
When scholar has asked with participants about how frequently disable patients come to
hospitals then maximum respondent have said that generally patients come in the hospitals two
times in a week. Disable person are unable to come in such places alone so they need support all
the time that is the reason that they not even come to hospitals on regular bases for their check-
ups. Another interview question was asked by investigator with the medical professionals that
how often such type of people get involved in the social activities. Then some participants have
said that they do not participate in such type of social activities because they think that they are
not fit for such type of social gathering. On other hand some respondents have said that long
term disability decrease their confidence and they think that they are unable to communicate with
others in such events so they prefer not to go in such places because they may suffer from
humiliation.
Another interview question of scholar was that disable people face discrimination or not.
Some answers have viewed that yes people those who suffer from disability or long term
conditions such as asthma, diabetes they have to face discrimination. It is because society
members do not look at these people with the positive point of view and they even do not get
normal reaction from the society members. On other hand other disable patients do not face
discrimination because society have sympathy for these people and they take care of their
feelings. Whenever any disable person come to any place then social positive behaviour face by
these patients and that is why they can live in society easily without any discrimination.
Another interview question was related with the perception of disable patients towards
society. Some answers have said that disable persons are happy with the society reaction.
Medical professionals have said that when they give counselling to these patients then they said
that they attend social gathering and because they get right reaction from the society members
that is why they are happy. On other hand other answers have said that patients are not satisfied
because society reaction is negative towards them. They look at them with sympathy and that is
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why they do not like to go in such type of places. Other long term condition's care users feel
insulted because they have to sit aside and they have to take support of others for moving here
and there.
When scholar has asked question in interview about the issues faced by such type of
persons then maximum persons have said that whenever they treat any disable person then these
people share their views that they have to face discrimination and it hurts them a lot. Society
members do not react normally and even most of the places are here where they do not get
employment opportunity. It is the main reason which demotivate them and they think to keep in
distance with the society parties and social gathering. Whereas other answers have said that
communication issue is the main issue faced by disability people because they are under
confident and think that people will not give them proper response. Due to communication they
do not take participation in social events.
Disability person always need support from others because they are unable to move here
and thee alone. If the person is handicap or having leg disability then they have to take support of
wheelchair that is why they require support from their family members or friends. When scholar
has asked about whether disable person have to face mental pressure or not then maximum
respondent have said that yes these people face mental issues. Disability affect their mental
status that makes them demotivated. On other hand some answers have said that disability affect
mental presence of disable person and they do not like to get involved in social gathering.
Furthermore, when researcher has asked about ways that can increase social participation of
disable people then some participants have said that family and social support can enhance their
confidence and by this way they will feel happy and will definitely attend social events. Whereas
so respondents have viewed that if they get self motivation then it will help them in getting
courage and they will be able to perform their all routine work without any support. This
encouragement will help them in increasing their social participation.
c) Recommendations
From the above discussion it is found that social participation of disable and long term
condition patients are poor so it is essential to enhance their participation. This can help in
improving their confidence and can assist in getting success.
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 Disable patients should get self motivation and they should think for own self rather than
thinking about society, it will help in increasing their confidence and they will actively
participate in the society events and meetings.
 Disable patients and those who are suffering from long term condition, they should take
time to time counselling this can raise their confidence and they will get to know about
their rights. By this way they will not get discrimination and will be able to participate in
the society effectively.
CHAPTER 4: PEET-TO-PEER VIVA WITH TRANSCRIPT
Covered in PPT
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Anney, V. N., 2014. Ensuring the quality of the findings of qualitative research: Looking at
trustworthiness criteria.
Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research
project. Sage.
Gast, D. L. and Ledford, J. R., 2014. Single case research methodology: Applications in special
education and behavioral sciences. Routledge.
Gudu, T. E. and et.al., 2016. THU0637 Impact of Psoriatic Arthritis: Linking The Domains of
Health Which Are Important for Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis To The International
Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.
Hikichi, H. and et.al., 2015. Effect of a community intervention programme promoting social
interactions on functional disability prevention for older adults: propensity score matching
and instrumental variable analyses, JAGES Taketoyo study. J Epidemiol Community
Health. pp.jech-2014.
Hsieh, K. and et.al., 2015. Impact of adulthood stage and social-environmental context on body
mass index and physical activity of individuals with intellectual disability. Intellectual and
developmental disabilities. 53(2). pp.100-113.
Kanamori, S. and et.al., 2014. Social participation and the prevention of functional disability in
older Japanese: the JAGES cohort study. PloS one. 9(6). pp.e99638.
Kwiatkowski, A. and et.al., 2014. Social participation in patients with multiple sclerosis:
correlations between disability and economic burden. BMC neurology. 14(1). pp.115.
Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design.
Routledge.
Magasi, S. and et.al., 2015. Theoretical foundations for the measurement of environmental
factors and their impact on participation among people with disabilities.Archives of
physical medicine and rehabilitation. 96(4). pp.569-577.
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