E-Tourism: Concept and Evolution Analysis

This assignment involves analyzing the concept and evolution of e-tourism, which refers to the use of electronic technologies to facilitate travel and tourism activities. The analysis covers various aspects of e-tourism, including its impact on the tourism industry, adoption externalities in different countries, and the development of e-hajj systems. It also includes a review of research papers and studies on e-tourism, providing insights into its current state and future prospects.

RESEARCH PROJECT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL...............................................................................................................1
AIM AND OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................1
Aim..............................................................................................................................................1
Objectives....................................................................................................................................1
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................1
Background of the study.............................................................................................................1
Significance.................................................................................................................................2
Literature review.........................................................................................................................2
SCOPE, OBJECTIVES AND RISK................................................................................................5
Scope of the project.....................................................................................................................5
Rationales....................................................................................................................................5
Activities.....................................................................................................................................6
Skills required.............................................................................................................................6
Risk log.......................................................................................................................................7
SOURCES AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE.....................................................................................8
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION.......................................................................................................8
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES.......................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

RESEARCH PROPOSAL
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
Aim
The main aim of this study is to analysis the impact of e-tourism in increasing the
economy condition of the nation. Rio de Janeiro in Brasil is the attracting place from the tourist
perspective. Dissertation will focus on this location and impact of e-tourism in raising the
economy of Rio de Janeiro.
Objectives
 To understand the concept of e-tourism. .
In order to understand the concept of e-tourism researcher will take support of internet articles,
books, journals on e-tourism.
 To investigate impact of e-tourism in raising economic growth of Brasil.- Impact of e-
tourism in raising the economy of Rio de Janeiro in Brasil, researcher will look upon the
infrastructure development ratio, number of tourist come in the place over the past few
years, employment growth. By this way individual will be able to major the economy
growth from e-tourism.
 To suggest ways of increasing e-tourism of Rio de Janeiro in Brasil. Through this
investigation researcher will be able to identify issues faced by tourist. This study will
help in identifying perception of travellers by this way proper solution will be given
through which e-tourism of Rio de Janeiro in Brasil can be increased.

BACKGROUND
Background of the study
Travel and tourism is one of the major contributor in economy development of the nation.
Many travellers and families like to go at different places to spend quality time with their friends
and families (Theodoropoulou, 2017). They buy things and invest amount in foreign countries in
order to get memories of that place. Now-a-days tour operators are using advanced technologies
to attract more consumers towards the business. Over the past few years Brasil has experienced
rise in number of tourist in the region. In the year 2015 approx 6.36 million visitors came to the
location for holiday, educational and research purpose (DNE ANNUAL REPORT 2016, 2017).
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Earlier people did not have that much interest in travelling and at hat time duration transportation
and technological facilities were not available to consumers. But with rising technologies and
improving transportation facility people are taking interest in travelling. Most of the college
arrange educational tour for their students so that they can get good knowledge about the things.
Apart from this, changes in employment law has given relaxation to the employees from heavy
working hours so they are now able to plan the travel with their friends. It is fact that approx
revenues earned by travel industry through e-tourism business was US$5.8 billion in the year
2015. Tourism has become the major aspect of economy growth in Brazil (E-TOURISM:
CONCEPT AND EVOLUTION, 2013). There are many attraction points such as Amazon jungle,
Amazon river, extensive beaches, fascinating plants and animal species etc.
Now-a-days tour operators are using advance technologies in their operations so that they
can attract mass audience towards business. They are using online marketing techniques and
giving necessary information on sites about place so that people can get to know about attractive
places of particular location and make their mind to go there (THE IMPACT AND
PERSPECTIVES OF THE E-TOURISM AT A GLOBAL LEVEL, 2017). Use of internet, high
communication networks have helped in making world a global village. Internet has made it easy
for customers to make communication with mass audience and gather in-depth information about
the place. It provides access of numerous sources so that people can get good detail.
Technological advancement helps the people in getting more detail about any country. That helps
them in planning their travel. If they getting satisfactory information then they can book their
tickets online as well. Apart from this social networking sites helps them in raising their quarries
so that tour operators can resolve their quarries and can help them in planning the travel.
E- tourism can be defined as part of electronic trade in which companies use developing
techniques in order to make effective communication with travellers. Internet and other
technologies help in identifying their needs so that company can provide them products as per
their requirements (Amelia Meyer, 2010). E-information, E-booking, E-payment are main
benefits of this tool that make easy for the audience to travel from one place to other. Present
investigation is based on the Brasil which is considered as most popular place of United State. It
has become popular holiday destination for the people because of its natural and attraction points
(Sehli, Sarkar and Young, 2016). Research will describe the concept of e-tourism in the modern
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era. Furthermore, it will investigate impact of e-tourism in raising economic growth of Brasil. It
will develop understanding about relationship between e-tourism and economic growth.
Significance
Technologies impact positively in the success of any business. Use of ICT, internet can
be beneficial for travel and tour organisations. With help of this study tourism industry will be
able to know positive and negative aspect of internet of technologies (Abou-Shouk and Eraqi,
2015). That would assist in taking necessary action to enhance business of travel entity. This
research will aid tourism industry in knowing perspective of customers regarding Brasil. By this
way authorities will be able to take necessary action to increase number of customers in the
location. Travel and tourism industry creates more than 249 million job opportunities and
support in the economy development of the nation. With the help of this investigation overview
of development in the country will be analysed that would assist in making effective strategies so
that objective of these firm can be achieved (Zamani-Farahani and Eid, 2016).
This research can be used by many other scholars and that would help them in conducting
further research on the subject matter. Apart from this, this data can be used by government of
Brasil in order to identify scope of e-tourism in the country. By this way they will be able to
develop infrastructure facilities and will be able to use electronic mediums for increasing
business of tourism in the nation (Kang and Park, 2014). Furthermore, his research will be
beneficial for tour operators they will get to know about benefits of e-tourism for them so that
they will be able to give sufficient information on their website so that sales volume of tour
packages can be increased.
Research gap
Neirotti, Raguseo and Paolucci, (2016) has argued that E-information, E-booking, E-
payments are major part of e-tourism. In which people gather information bout the place and
book hotels and tickets online. Payments make by them through debit cards, credit cards, net
banking etc. Most of the tour operators offer attractive discounts to customers if they book their
tickets online. It is easy for travellers also because they do not require to spend much time for
booking of ticket and making arrangement of travel.
This study will focus more on e-information or technologies. But still tourists look upon
the security issues etc. This has not be explained in this investigation which is the research gap.
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Literature review
Concept of e-tourism
According to Cohen and Olsen, (2013) .internet has changes the condition of nation and
business units to great extent. Fastest developing technologies, effective communication
channels have helped the travellers in knowing about the place effectively. Tour operators and
related agencies are are giving in-depth information about the location so that number of
travellers can be increased in any location and business of these firms can be enhanced. As per
the view of Barreda and et.al, (2016) approx 30 million Brasil population uses internet
frequently, they book tickets online. It has been found that in the year 2008 approx 40 billion
income has been raised by e-tourism. It is not only the technologies but television also plays
significant role in increasing business of these firms. E-brochures, guides, photo albums, video
clips that are available of the websites make people aware with the beauty of the place and attract
them towards the place.
Impact of e-tourism in raising economic growth of Brasil
As per the view of Scaglione, Giovannetti and Hamoudia, (2015) e-tourism is providing
specialized sites and informatics tools through which time of travellers can be reduced in finding
about any destination, facilities, accommodation etc. Author has stated that e-tourism is one of
the effective tool trough which tour operators and related agencies can make effective
communication with the target market and can make them positive towards the brand. It is true
that earlier Brasil was not taking support of electronic medium in the travel industry but after
certain time duration government has focused on increasing foreign travellers in the destination.
For that they have started updating their sites with details of attraction points, hotels, travel
modes and other facilities. By this, people can take interest and they make their mind to go to
any location. Electronic tourism helps in increasing revenues or foreign reserves in the nation.
Pappas and Bregoli, (2016) has argued that increasing number of tourism support in
making he economic position of the nation more strong. Through electronic medium authorities
and tour operators make effective communication with the people and make them positive
towards the location so that hey make their mind to go there. Their spendings helps in making
the financial position of the country more strong. According to Kirk, Abrahams and Ractham,
(2016) e-tourism is the easiest way through which consumers can buy the tourist packages easily.
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That impacts positive in enhancing revenues of travel industry and through this number of
visitors will be increased in the location. That would helps in creating more job opportunities in
the fed of tourism, hospitality and many more sectors. On other hand Jamal, Camargo and
Wilson, (2013) has stated that e-tourism impacts negative on the economic growth of the nation.
If all information are available of the sites then people start comparing the tour packages of
particular location with others. Apart from this, if person has found any drawback of insufficient
information on the sites then individual will be negative for the location. That would decrease
number of visitors in the destination. By this way foreign reserves will get down which will not
good for the economy of the nation.
As per the view of Standing, Tang-Taye and Boyer, (2014) cyber crime and security
issues create problem for the travellers and they do not prefer to get information or book the
tickets through online medium. Thus, e-tourism does not impact a lot on the travel business thus
it does not impact travel business of the entities. McNaughton, McLeod and Boxill, (2016) has
argued that Brasil is the nation where population like to use internet and they get relevant
information about any places and their condition. That encourages them to make their mind for
going to any location. That enhances business of travel industry thus more tax get by the
government that supports in the economic development of the nation.
Relationship between e-tourism and economic growth
As per the view of Pawłowska, Matoga and Stach, (2015) there is strong relationship
between e-tourism and economy growth of the nation. Tourism is the industry that helps in
increasing foreign reserves of the nation. If number of travellers are coming to any location
frequently then it will be beneficial for the government in raising economic position of the
country. If number of tourist are high then it will help in increasing economic position of the
nation. On other hand if number of visitors are low then nation will suffer from low reserves and
it will not be able to do further development inn the country. Amelia Meyer, (2010) has argued
that there is no relationship between e-tourism and economic growth. People uses internet and
compare the facilities of particular place with other destination. It may change their mind to great
extent. Even they come to any location then there would be chances of increasing tourism that
may affect the economic position in negative manner. Tourism can make GDP of the nation
more strong by this way income level of population will be raised.
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As per the view of Pawłowska, Matoga and Stach, (2015) economic growth depends
upon the income level of population, growth of business, tax collected, foreign reserves etc. these
all aspects get influence by e-tourism business to great extent. Government continuous try to
enhance number of visitors in the location so that foreign currency can be increased and with the
help of this amount authorities can develop infrastructure facilities. It helps in raising
employment opportunities in the country (E-TOURISM: CONCEPT AND EVOLUTION, 2013
Amelia Meyer, 2010). That supports in making GDP more strong. Thus, both are interrelated
parts and impact of one part affect economic growth of the region to great extent.
SCOPE, OBJECTIVES AND RISK
Scope of the project
Scope of present investigation is very wide. By this way authorities will get to know
about economic development and issues in tourism business. Economic development can support
the government in improving the condition of the nation. Through this study they will be able to
know effectiveness of e-tourism in raising the economic position of the country thus, they will be
able to make necessary changes in their policies so that they can increase number of customers in
the Brasil (THE IMPACT AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE E-TOURISM AT A GLOBAL LEVEL,
2017). This investigation will be helpful in knowing the scope of Brasil as tourist destination so
that travel agencies can take necessary action to improve services of the sector in order to attract
more people towards the location.
Rationales
Internet is the main element that is used by population frequently. By using internet
people are getting in-depth information about tour packages and any particular location. That
helps them in making their mind whether to go in any place or not. The reason of conducting
this study is to get more information about impact of e-tourism in the economy growth of the
Brasil (E-TOURISM: CONCEPT AND EVOLUTION, 2013). Brasil is the destination which is
popular among the travellers and people like to go there for holiday. By knowing the
effectiveness of using ICT tools in the tourism sector government and other ravel agencies will
be able to use this equipment effectiveness through which they will be able to attract more
people towards the nation. That would help in increasing economic position of the nation to great
extent.
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Brasil has good incoming of foreign visitors but from few past years revenues of the
nation has got down due to decrement in number of travellers (Pawłowska, Matoga and Stach,
2015). Government do not use this, websites effectively and do no give proper information so
that travellers can get affected. Through this study individual will develop better understanding
about the effectiveness of electronic tourism for the economic development of the nation.
Activities
For conducting the investigation on impact of e-tourism on the economic growth of the
nation, research will schedule the activities so that effective research project can be prepared on
time. For developing the understanding about the subject matter, scholar will determine the
research topic and will go through from previous literature that has been done on the same
subject matter (Cohen and Olsen, 2013). It would be most important part of the investigation
because in the absence of effective research topic individual will not be able to complete the
study in effective manner. Though it is very difficult for them to chose final topic because
tourism is the big subject and on doing research on this is very difficult. Selection of research
methodologies will be done so that in-depth information about e-tourism can be gathered by the
scholar. Research methodology will help investigator in analysing the data and getting optimistic
results about the subject matter. On other hand if researcher goes with wrong methods then it
may spoil the overall aim of the study. It is essential to have good knowledge of these research
methods so that individual can gather information effectively. Next activity will be prepare the
questionnaire in which researcher will ask questions with the respondents in order to collect
realistic information about subject matter. Questionnaire can help in gathering in-depth detail
about tourism in the Brasil. But questionnaire sometimes do not help in getting authentic
information, there are chances of getting biasses data. After that data will be analysed and graphs
will be prepared in order to get results. Discussion will be done and final report will be submit to
the client, as per the feedback of consumer necessary modifications will be done in this research
project and final submission will be done in last activity (Theodoropoulou, 2017).
Skills required
For conducting this study scholar will require good communication skill so that
individual will be able to ask questions with the respondents easily. With the help of good
communication skill researcher will be able to make them understand importance of this study
and they will share their feeling with scholar (Abou-Shouk and Eraqi, 2015). Furthermore,
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researcher will also require to have good critical thinking skill, it will support in analysing the
information in effective manner and getting the optimistic results. Apart from this, individual
will require to have good technical skill for conducting this investigation in effective manner.
With the assistance of technical skills' person will be able to use software of data analysis
effective that would support in getting optimistic results. For achieving these attributes
researcher will make good communication with the involved persons so that it can know their
perception. Apart from this individual will try to make them comfortable so that they can discus
their feeling easily with the scholar. It will enhance communication skill of the researcher.
Scholar will also attend some seminars where he can get knowledge of communication skill. For
achieving critical thinking skill individual is required to read previous articles carefully. It should
do google suffering so that it can gather good information. By this way he will be able to
critically analysis the facts and that will support in improving critical thinking skill of the person.
For enhancing technical skill, researcher will have to take support of trainer who can guide him.
These things will help in achieving these attributes to the researcher.
Risk log
Risk
type
Risk
event
Likeliho
od (1-
10)
(Risk
value)
Impact
(1-
100)
Risk
monitoring
/ control
flag
Risk
management
strategy
(Mitigating
action)
Risk
owner
(Commentary)
Contingent action
Financial
(F)
Investm
ent on
recent
project
may
create
economi
c crises
in future
time.
8 90 15-20 days Optimum
allocation of
fund as well
investment
on activities
in adequate
manner.
Finance
manager
Preparing strategy
for cost
effectiveness and
management of
all financial
resources
systematically.
8

Environ
mental
risk (E)
Occurre
nce of
sudden
changes
that
remains
uncontro
llable.
7 40 Time
predictions
according
to occurred
losses.
Securing all
goods for
effective
projection as
well back
plans for
proper
recovery.
Risk
managem
ent
departme
nt.
All risks can be
reduced by
analysing losses
and strategies to
overcome it.
People
risk
Lack of
coordina
tion for
team
work
and poor
team
work.
Medium
(5)
40 10-15 days Manager is
required to
train all
involved
persons so
that they do
not commit
any mistake
and
complete
task on time.
HR
manager
Time to time
taking feedback
from them,
motivating to
them will help in
reducing risk of
human resource.
Technolo
gical risk
Inefficie
nt fund
to adopt
new
equipme
nt and
untraine
d
employe
es to use
technica
Medium
(4)
Medi
um
(50)
20-25 days Researcher
can develop
better
understandin
g about
technique
which
persons is
going to use
so that errors
can be
Productio
n and
operation
departme
nt
Proper monitoring
and controlling
can minimize the
technical risk of
the project.
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l
machine
s
minimized.
Researcher
can get
training for
that before
using the
technical
soft of data
analysing.
Security
(S)
Risk of
theft,
loss etc.
Unreliab
le
workers
3 60 10-15 days All goods
and
inventories
should be
safe and
secured.
Security
departme
nt
All effective
projection, it is
needed to keep
goods secured also
remains able for
risk management
efficiently.
SOURCES AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE
Researcher will collect data from different sources. Mainly individual will take support of
primary and secondary sources. In the primary source's researcher will gather information
through questionnaire. Individual will send questionnaire to 10 tour operators those who can give
detail about imp-act of e-tourism in the travel business (Pappas and Bregoli, 2016). On other
hand scholar will also take support of secondary sources such as books, journals. All the data
will be gathered from authentic sources. Other authors who have conducted the study on the
same subject, their literature will be review for preparing the research project. Individual will use
the knowledge effectively and will try to get optimistic results on impact of e-tourism on the
economic growth of Brasil.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
Ethical consideration is one of the essential part of research project, in the absence of it,
individual will not be able to conduct the investigation in effective manner. Researcher will take
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care of ethical aspects and will follow standard so that individual can minimize further
complications (Scaglione, Giovannetti and Hamoudia, 2015). Data protection is one of the
essential part of study, all information that will be gathered through questionnaire will be kept
secure and will not be used for commercial purpose. Scholar will take care of data protection part
and will use information only for the specific project. Apart from this, investigator will take
consent of all involved participants and will say to them to sign consent form so that no
complains related to data get occurred in the future. Before sending them questionnaire on mail
researcher will take permission of concern authorities (Kirk, Abrahams and Ractham, 2016).
Plagiarism is one of the major issues that arise in the research project. Most of the
researchers copy and paste the already available data which is unethical. But in the present thesis
of impact of e-tourism in the economic growth of the nation: study on Brasil, researcher will
gather information from authentic website and will develop understanding about the topic
(Theodoropoulou, 2017). After that individual will write the research project in its own language
in order to avoid chances of plagiarism.
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES
Gantt chart is one of the best way of showing activities and time length of the project. It
is the great tool through which researcher can identify time length in which project is going to be
completed (Barreda and et.al, 2016). According to the time scale individual can schedule
activities and can make effective planning so that project can get finished within stipulated time
duration. There are following activities which show the entire research project:
Activities 1th
Week
2nd
Week
3rd
Week
4th
Week
5th
Week
6th
Week
7th
Week
8th
Week
9th
Week
10th
Week
Research topic
determination
Read previous
literature on
the same
subject
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Research
methodology
mapping
Proposal
completion
Questionnaire
preparation in
order to gather
information
Recording of
data
Data analysis
and preparing
graphs and
charts
Discussion
and conclusion
Edition and
completion of
research
project
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Task
Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
Manually
Scheduled
Research topic
determination 1 wk Thu 7/20/17 Wed 7/26/17
Manually
Scheduled
Read previous literature
on the same subject 2 wks Thu 7/27/17 Wed 8/9/17 1
Manually Research methodology 3 wks Thu 8/10/17 Wed 8/30/17 2
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Scheduled mapping
Manually
Scheduled Proposal completion 4 wks Thu 8/31/17 Wed 9/27/17 2,3
Manually
Scheduled
Questionnaire preparation
in order to gather
information
5 wks Thu 9/28/17 Wed 11/1/17 4
Manually
Scheduled Recording of data 6 wks Thu 9/28/17 Wed 11/8/17 3,4
Manually
Scheduled
Data analysis and
preparing graphs and
charts
7 wks Thu 11/2/17 Wed 12/20/17 5
Manually
Scheduled
Discussion and
conclusion 8 wks Thu 11/2/17 Wed 12/27/17 4,5
Manually
Scheduled
Edition and completion of
research project 9 wks Thu 11/9/17 Wed 1/10/18 6
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abou-Shouk, M. and Eraqi, M. I., 2015. Perceived barriers to e-commerce adoption in SMEs in
developing countries: the case of travel agents in Egypt.International Journal of Services
and Operations Management. 21(3). pp.332-353.
Barreda, A. A. and et.al., 2016. Online branding: Development of hotel branding through
interactivity theory.Tourism Management. 57. pp.180-192.
Cohen, J. F. and Olsen, K., 2013. The impacts of complementary information technology
resources on the service-profit chain and competitive performance of South African
hospitality firms. International journal of hospitality management. 34. pp.245-254.
Jamal, T., Camargo, B. A. and Wilson, E., 2013. Critical omissions and new directions for
sustainable tourism: A situated macro–micro approach.Sustainability. 5(11). pp.4594-
4613.
Kang, J. and Park, S., 2014. Factors influencing electronic commerce adoption in developing
countries: The case of Tanzania. South African Journal of Business Management. 45(2).
pp.83-96.
Kirk, K., Abrahams, A. and Ractham, P., 2016. E-Progression of Nonprofit Organization
Websites: US Versus Thai Charities. Journal of Computer Information Systems. 56(3).
pp.244-252.
McNaughton, M., McLeod, M. T. and Boxill, I., 2016. An Actor Network Perspective of Tourism
Open Data. In Tourism and Hospitality Management(pp. 47-60). Emerald Group
Publishing Limited.
Neirotti, P., Raguseo, E. and Paolucci, E., 2016. Are customers’ reviews creating value in the
hospitality industry? Exploring the moderating effects of market positioning. International
Journal of Information Management. 36(6). pp.1133-1143.
Pappas, N. and Bregoli, I., 2016. Global dynamics in travel, tourism, and hospitality. IGI global.
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Pawłowska, A., Matoga, Ł. and Stach, E., 2015. The use of information and communication
technologies (ICTs) in tourist information and promotion of the Polish Carpathians in
foreign tourism markets. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 32(5). pp.554-577.
Scaglione, M., Giovannetti, E. and Hamoudia, M., 2015. The diffusion of mobile social
networking: Exploring adoption externalities in four G7 countries. International Journal of
Forecasting. 31(4). pp.1159-1170.
Sehli, M., Sarkar, P. and Young, L., 2016. THE DEVELOPMENT OF E-HAJJ: INFLUENCE
OF DIVERSITY ISSUES. DEVELOPMENT.
Standing, C., Tang-Taye, J. P. and Boyer, M., 2014. The impact of the Internet in travel and
tourism: A research review 2001–2010. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 31(1).
pp.82-113.
Theodoropoulou, E., 2017. Ioannis Kostakis. Tourism Economics. 1. pp.12.
Zamani-Farahani, H. and Eid, R., 2016. Muslim world: A study of tourism & pilgrimage among
OIC Member States. Tourism Management Perspectives. 19. pp.144-149.
Online
E-TOURISM: CONCEPT AND EVOLUTION, 2013 [PDF] Available through:
<http://www.ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/article/viewFile/25/20>. [Accessed on 10th July
2017].
Amelia Meyer, 2010. Brazil Tourism. [Online] Available through:
<http://www.brazil.org.za/tourism.html>. [Accessed on 10th July 2017].
THE IMPACT AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE E-TOURISM AT A GLOBAL LEVEL, 2017.
[Online] Available through: <http://www.rebe.rau.ro/RePEc/rau/journl/WI13S/REBE-WI13S-
A29.pdf>. [Accessed on 10th July 2017].
DNE ANNUAL REPORT 2016, 2017. [Online] Available through:
<http://www.discovernewengland.org/sites/default/files/2016-DNE-Annual-Report.pdf>.
[Accessed on 10th July 2017].
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