To assess issues of gender inequality in workplace for maintaining equality and diversity

This research focuses on assessing the issues faced by companies in terms of gender inequality at the workplace and provides recommendations for maintaining equality and diversity. The study is conducted in the retail sector, specifically at Morrison, a large chain of supermarkets.

RESEARCH PROJECT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................5
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................8
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION...........................................................................10
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION............................................................................17
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................17
Recommendation.......................................................................................................................17
REFLECTION...............................................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................21
Questionnaire.............................................................................................................................21
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INTRODUCTION
Title- “To assess issues that is being faced by companies in respect of gender
inequality with reference to discrimination at the workplace for maintaining equality and
diversity. A study on retail sector”
Background
Equality and diversity is very necessary to be maintained for the success of the company
because of the workplace will not provide good and equal opportunities for the employees then
they will not like this. Thus, they will not feel comfortable while working in such discriminating
environment hence, this will decrease the working efficiency of employees. Equality is defined
as the providing of equal opportunities for growth and development to all the employees.
Diversity is defined as the employees coming from different cultural backgrounds and working
under same company. The gender discrimination is being defined as treating employees
differently on basis of their gender that is giving more preference to males rather than females.
Thus, the current research will focus on the gender discrimination taking place at Morrison
which is a large chain of supermarket.
Aims and objectives
Aim
“To identify an issue faced by entity in context of gender discrimination referring to
workplace discrimination while maintaining equality and diversity. A study on Morrison’s.”
Objectives
 To articulate the concept of gender inequality.
 To determine the factors that results to gender discrimination and are seen as causes of
gender inequality at workplace.
 To analyse the issue faced at time of promoting gender equality for reducing workplace
discrimination with regard to Morrison’s.
 To recommend corrective measure to Morrison’s for reducing gender inequality &
increasing productivity of employees.
Rationale
The major reason for the selection of the topic of gender inequality is that this is
currently very prevailing within the companies. It is very necessary for the company to work
over reducing the gender inequality at workplace. Thus, this research will help the company
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in identifying the ways of reducing gender inequality and discrimination and promoting the
equality and diversity. Another major reason for the selection of this topic is the personal
interest of the researcher. This is majorly because of the reason that they also want to know
and enhance their knowledge relating to ways of reducing gender inequality and
discrimination.
Significance
This research over the topic of assessing ways of reducing gender discrimination at
workplace for fostering equality and diversity is that this will enhance the knowledge of
company for which the research is being carried on. That is this will provide knowledge to
the company which they can use of reducing the gender discrimination. Also, this will assist
the competitors in gaining knowledge that what ways they can adopt to reduce the gender
discrimination. Another significance of the research is for other researcher who are
researching on the same topic as they can use the result of this research as basis of their
study.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Theme 1: Understanding concept of the gender equality
Arora and Malam, (2018), stated that gender inequality means an unequal treatment or
the preferences of an individuals on the basis of the gender. It arises from the differences in
respect of the socially constructed roles of gender along with biologically through the
chromosomes, hormonal difference and brain structure. Systems of gender are seen as
hierarchical and dichotomous. Gender related binary systems might reflect an inequalities that
indicates numerous dimensions of the daily life. This problem stems from the distinctions
empirically grounded or been constructed socially. It acknowledges that the men and the women
are not counted as equal and that the gender affects an individual's living experience. Such
differences arises from the cultural norms, biology and the psychology. Some of the distinctions
are grounded empirically, however, the other appears as socially constructed. Different lived
experience has been seen of the genders based on education, personality, life expectancy,
interests, careers and the political affiliations. Moreover gender inequality is been experienced in
a different way across the different cultures. Gender inequality could be defined as allowing the
people with different opportunities because of the perceived differences solely on the basis of the
gender. Discrimination at the workplace in respect of gender is counted as the prejudicial
treatment of group or an individual because of gender. Particularly, gender inequality is seen
pertaining to women but anybody could experience the gender basis inequality or the
discrimination.
Triana and et.al., (2019), presented that gender inequality within the work environment is
considered as the complex phenomenon which could be seen in an organisational structures,
practices and the processes. For the women, gender discrimination is been enacted within the
practices of human resources. This means that due to the HR practices that includes decision
making, enactment and the policies directly impacts training, hiring, promotion and the pay of
the women in n organisation. Therefore, common inequalities at workplace is present relating to
gender based imbalances of an individual in terms of their command and the power within the
management. Women are not been able in moving up into the positions that contains higher pay.
Theme 2: Factors that leads to gender inequality at the workplace
In view of Sipe and et.al., (2016), it has been represented that the first and the foremost
contextual factor in which gender inequality could be institutionalized is the leadership. Leaders
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plays an important role in setting culture, strategy, policy and the practices. Gender
discrimination in this exist when the women are being under-represented in comparison with the
men, specifically at times when women are been well represented at the lower level in an
enterprise. An under-representation of the women in workplace could be perpetuated with ease
because gender of an organisational leaders impacts degree towards which there exist a gender
discrimination, supportive policies and gender diversity climate within the company. Specifically
presence of the women in the key positions act as the vivid symbol reflecting that an entity
supports the gender diversity. Further, unequal pay is the major factor that causes gender
inequality within the work premises as men are paid more because it is believed that they has the
capability in working more harder and extra as compared to women. Sexual harassment is found
as the cause of gender discrimination where an obstacle occurs that many of the women faces at
the workplace. It exists in some or the other form in the lifetime of women involving physical
and the verbal assault. Moreover, racism is the another factor that causes for inequality plays a
crucial role in a way the women are been treated and is compensated in a workplace. Pay that the
women receives might vary depending on her ethnicity and the race.
Verniers and Vala, (2018), analysed that in the firm women are not or less promoted in
comparison to the men. Despite of being as more and more educated than the men and is
constituting nearly majority of women workforce promoting at the work less often than the men.
Thus, these are the main measures that leads to workplace discrimination in terms of gender.
This directly affects the smooth functioning of the operations and results to lower level of the
productivity which in turn leads to lower sales and less profitability.
Theme 3: Challenges faced in promoting gender equality
In accordance to Bader and et.al., (2018), advances in the policy and the laws by way of
large number of the critical challenges perpetuates a gap in execution, accountability, upscaling
and in preventing an effective and efficient responses of the programme. Impunity is one of the
main challenge that is been faced by the firm at the time of promoting the gender equality. Lack
of the state accountability in the comprehensively addressing a violence against the girls and the
women is essential obstacle for ending a problem. In adequate allocation of the resource, poor
execution of the national commitments directly contributes to the pervasive impunity. Ending an
impunity needs an adequate prosecution & the punishment of the perpetrators, equal justice and
protection for the women under law and an elimination of the attitude which fosters, tolerates
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and justifies against a women. Due to insufficient technical, human and the financial investment,
promoting gender equality becomes as the challenge or problem for an entity. While increasing
number of the countries has adopted the policies and the laws that are been rarely accompanied
by an adequate level of the budget allocations nor requisite an institutional, infrastructural and
the staffing improvements that might required at national and the sub-national levels for
implementing it. Weak coordination and reviewing mechanisms at national level also counted as
the main challenge which is been faced by the company in promoting for the equality between
men and the women. In sufficient research and the data creates a problem for an organisation
while promoting for equality in gender at the work premises. Thus, theses are the main
challenges or the problems that the company faced at the time of promoting for the gender
equality in a work environment. In order to overcome such challenges, an organisation must have
to follow a series of process and analysis so that equality practices can be efficiently and
effectively promoted by the firm and this in turn would help the company in building its
reputation in overall market.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
It is referred as the particular procedures or the tools that are been used for identifying,
analysing and processing an information regarding a specific research problem. This section of
the report involves method, approaches, philosophy, analysing and gathering data in
consideration with all the ethical and reliable aspects.
Type- It means selection of the best method for making or conducting the study where it
is classified into two parts that is qualitative and quantitative study (Wiek and Lang, 2016).
Qualitative method emphasizes on gathering data through an open ended and the conversational
communication. However, quantitative data refers to an objective measurement and
mathematical or the numerical assessment of the data by way using questionnaire, polls, survey
and by manipulating the pre-existing statistical data by making use of the computational
techniques.
While preparing for this study, researcher has make use of the qualitative method that
enables in understanding subjective elements in relation to the issues that the company faces with
respect to gender discrimination at the premises.
Approach- It is depicted as the procedure and the plan that comprises of steps of the
broad assumptions to the detailed method of obtaining the data, interpretation and the analysis.
Therefore, it is mainly based on research problem that is being addressed with an approach of the
reasoning and an analysis. There are two main approaches that can be opted by an investigator in
formulating the research report includes inductive & deductive approach (Fletcher, 2017).
Inductive approach means an approach that starts with theories and an observation proposed
towards an end of research process as an observation of the result. On the other hand, deductive
approach concerns with developing the hypotheses on the basis of an existing theory and
thereafter designing research strategy for testing a hypothesis.
Referring to this research report, scholar has used inductive approach that is the most
suitable method or an approach in making a qualitative analysis and helps in developing
adequate results on the basis of appropriate theory.
Research philosophy- this is defined as the different beliefs and philosophies which are
used at time of collection of data and the analysis and interpretation of it. It is very important for
the researcher to understand the beliefs which is behind all the steps in research. These are of two
different type that is interpretivism and positivism. For the working of current study, the
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researcher has used the interpretivism theory because of the fact that this is more suitable for the
qualitative research.
Data collection- for the research the most important thing is the data which is being
collected and analysed. This is majorly because of the fact that if the data will not be there than
the research will not be conducted and this will not bring clear research outcomes. Thus, for this
the researcher has used both the data sources that is primary and secondary. The combination is
being used because of the fact that both the sources are good and will provide all the valid and
authentic data. The primary source will provide for first hand data and the secondary source will
authenticate the data.
Sampling- the study of whole population is not possible thus, for this researcher takes
some sample and the experiments and test are made on it. Thus, for the current study the
researcher has used the random sampling and selected 20 employees of Morrison and has asked
them questions for conducting the research on gender discrimination within the workplace. The
random sampling is being used by the researcher because under this method every participant has
equal chance of getting selected as a sample.
Data analysis- just collecting the data is not enough rather proper analysis and evaluation
of the data collected. This is majorly because of the fact that if the data will not be analysed
properly then the result will not be appropriate. Thus, for this the researcher has used the
thematic analysis and under this the researcher made the use of charts and graphs for the
interpretation of the collected data.
Ethical consideration- this is also necessary has if the research is not conducted in
ethical manner then the research outcome will not be good. Hence, for this researcher has to sign
the ethical approval form and the consent form from the participants before asking them the
questions. Also, it is necessary that the researcher use all the valid and authentic sources for the
whole research to be conducted in good and effective manner.
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DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Theme 1: Yes, we are aware of the concept of gender discrimination within the workplace.
Particular Respondent % of Respondent
Yes 15 75
No 5 25
Total 20 100
Interpretation: with the analysis of the above data it is clear that maximum of the participatn that
is 75 % agrees to the fact that they are aware of the concept of gender ineuality. This is majorly
because of the fact that within the company there is gender discrimnatin. However rest of the
participants does not agree to this fact at all.
Theme 2: Strongly agree that company uses practices which increases the gender
discrimination.
Particular Respondent % of Respondent
Strongly agree 10 50
Agree 2 10
Neutral 2 10
Disagree 2 10
Strongly
disagree 4 20
Total 20 100
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Interpretation: form the evaluation of the above data it is inferred that the company is using
practices which results in gender discrimination at workplace. This is agreed by almost 50% of
the particiapnts and rest of the respondent either agree or disagree or are neutral over this fact
that company is using practices which result in gender discrimination.
Theme 3: All of the above are the factors which lead to gender discrimination.
Particular Respondent % of Respondent
Mentality of
people 4 20
Cultural
differences 2 10
Acceptance level
that women can
work 2 10
All of the above 12 60
Total 20 100
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Interpretation: with the help of the evalaution of the data it is clear that 60 % of the participants
states that the major facotr which leads ot gender discrimnaiton is all of the above which
oncludes cultural differnce, mentality of people and acceptance level of perosn. But in contrast ot
this rest of the participatns agrees to the options on individual basis.
Theme 4: Low growth opportunities for women is the most common type of gender
discrimination.
Particular Respondent % of Respondent
Giving less
salary to women 2 10
Low growth
opportunities for
women 14 70
Not including
women in
management
committee 2 10
All of the above 2 10
Total 20 100
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Interpretation: on the analysis and evaluation of the above data it is clear that majority of
particiapnts that is 70 % suggest that low growth opportunites is the most common tpye of
gender dicrimination previling at the workplace. Under this the women are given less
opportunites as compared to males witihn the company. However remainign respondent agrees
to the fact with differnet options.
Theme 5: Negative impact is there which have of gender inequality over the productivity and
performance of company.
Particular Respondent % of Respondent
Positive 4 20
Negative 16 80
Total 20 100
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Interpretation: from the analysis of the data collected for above question it is clear that the impact
of gender discrimination is negative over company and its performance. This is majorly because
of the fact that this demotivates the other employees and this decreases the working effeiccny of
other employees.
Theme 6: Decrease in productivity of the employee is the impact of gender discrimination on
performance of employees.
Particular Respondent % of Respondent
Increases
productivity 4 20
Decreases
productivity 12 60
No impact 4 20
Total 20 100
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Interpretation:with the analysis of the data and facts it is evaluated that the impact of high gender
discrimination over the productivity of company is decrease in productivity. This is majorly
because of the fact that when there is discrimination at workplace then this demotivates all the
employees and this eventually result in decrease in productivity of employees and overll working
of company.
Theme 7: All of the above is the major issue being faced by the company at time of promoting
equality and reducing gender inequality.
Particular Respondent % of Respondent
Thinking that
women are less
competent 1 5
Mentality that
women have less
knowledge 2 10
Low pay to
women 2 10
All of the above 15 75
Total 20 100
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Interpretation: with the analysis of the above data it is clear that there are many differnet issues
which are being faced by company at time of reducing the gender inequality and improving the
performance of company. The major issue is all of the above which includes low pay to women,
women are less competent then men and they have less market knwoeldge. However, rest of the
participatns agree to this fact at individual level.
Theme 8: The major recommendation for reducing the gender inequality and increase in
productivity.
Interpretation: with the analysis of the data it is interpreted that it is very necessary for the
company to have equality among all the employees on basis of gender. As agreed by majorty of
employees it is necessary because if there will be no equality then employee will not be satisfied.
Hence it is recommended by majority of participant that they must provide training and
development to their employees so that they do not discriminate on basis of gender.
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
In the end it is summarised that for accompany to be successful the most important thing is to
maintain equality and diversity within the company. This is majorly because of the reason that if
the company will not provide equal opportunities then the employees will not be satisfied and
this will decrease the goodwill of company. Hence for this it is essential for company to maintain
equality on basis of gender. With this research it was concluded that formulating the aim and
objective is the most important step in research. This is majorly because of the reason that if the
aims and objective are not there then the researcher will not get the direction in which they have
to work. Further it was seen that collection of data is the second most important step to complete
the research. This is majorly because of the reason that if the data will not be of good quality
then the result will also be of not good quality. Also, it is necessary that the data must be
collected from authentic and reliable sources. In the end it was outlined that the thematic data
analysis was more useful and gave good result. This is majorly because of the reason that this
include the use of charts graphs and tables which make the result look attractive.
Recommendation
With the help of the above discussion it is clear that the company need to work on the
management of equality and diversity within the company. Thus, for this some of the
recommendation are as follows-
The first and foremost thing for Morrison is to train and educate the employees of the
company to treat all the employees whether be it male or female equally and not differentiate
among them in any manner all the employees whether be it a male or female must be provided
with equal opportunities for growth and development.
Another major recommendation for the company is to recruit employee from diverse
cultures because this will include people coming from different cultural background and this will
foster the different thinking and good mentality within the company.
One more recommendation for Morrison is that they must communicate all the policies
and procedures with all the employees so that every employees knows what is going within the
company.
One more important recommendation for the company is to appoint some person who
will ensure that whether the company is using policies for fostering the equality within the
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company. This person will make sure that the company is working in the direction of growth and
development.
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REFLECTION
With the help of the research on topic of gender discrimination within the workplace I
learnt many different things relating to the managing the equality and diversity at the workplace.
With the help of the research I learnt that the qualitative research is better than other research as
this is most appropriate research and the outcome of the research is better. Also, I learnt that the
inductive approach was used as an approach for the continuation of the research in successful
manner. Even with the help of the research I gained knowledge of many different types of skills
and attributes which will even help me in future. I learned the most important skill of
communication which is very necessary at time of researching. This is majorly because of the
reason that without communication no work can be done and no data can be collected. This will
help me in my future communication will help me to a great extent. Also, I learnt that time
management is very important skill in the research. This is basically because of the reason that
all the research need to be completed on time because all the research activities are
interconnected. All these skills will help me in near future when I will conduct some other
research or will carry on with some other work in professional world.
Alternate research methods
But in place of qualitative research the researcher can also use the quantitative research as
this is more practical in approach and the result of this is much good. Also, other than this the
researcher instead of using inductive approach could have used the deductive approach as this
involves setting up of the hypothesis and then testing it. But the researcher could have placed
more emphasis over the secondary source of data as this is much good and reliable source of
data. In the end the researcher could have used the quantitative analysis like SPSS or some
statistical and mathematical tools for the analysis and evaluation of the data.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Arora, P. and Malam, U., 2018. Impact of Gender Discrimination on Workplace Variables. i-
Manager's Journal on Management. 13(3). p.5.
Bader, B. and et.al., 2018. Institutional discrimination of women and workplace harassment of
female expatriates. Journal of Global Mobility.
Fletcher, A. J., 2017. Applying critical realism in qualitative research: methodology meets
method. International journal of social research methodology. 20(2). pp.181-194.
Sipe, S. R. and et.al., 2016. Taking off the blinders: A comparative study of university students’
changing perceptions of gender discrimination in the workplace from 2006 to
2013. Academy of Management Learning & Education. 15(2). pp.232-249.
Triana, M. D. C. and et.al., 2019. Perceived workplace gender discrimination and employee
consequences: a meta-analysis and complementary studies considering country
context. Journal of management. 45(6). pp.2419-2447.
Verniers, C. and Vala, J., 2018. Correction: Justifying gender discrimination in the workplace:
The mediating role of motherhood myths. PloS one. 13(7). pp.e0201150-e0201150.
Wiek, A. and Lang, D. J., 2016. Transformational sustainability research methodology.
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APPENDIX
Questionnaire
Name:
Age:
Gender:
1. Are you aware of the concept of gender discrimination within workplace?
 Yes
 No
2. Do your company use practices which increases the gender discrimination at workplace?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
3. From the following which are the factors which leads to gender discrimination?
 Mentality of people
 Cultural differences
 Acceptance level that women can work
 All of the above
4. According to you what is the most common type of discrimination?
 Giving less salary to women
 Low growth opportunities for women
 Not including women in management committee
 All of the above
5. Is there any impact over the productivity and performance of the company?
 Positive
 Negative
6. What is the impact of gender discrimination over performance of employee?
 Increases productivity
 Decreases productivity
 No impact
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7. What are the issues being faced by company at time of promotion of gender equality?
 Thinking that women are less competent
 Mentality that women have less knowledge
 Low pay to women
 All of the above
8. What are the recommendation for reducing the gender inequality and increasing
productivity of company?
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