Research Project

In this research i have to take an interview from an employee of a restaurant and ask him questions regarding covid which I AM gonna be doing. Also i have to put a letter of consent in the assignment will I’ll take from the manager and employee and send it to you so that it can be put into the assignment

RESEARCH PROJECT

ABSTRACT
Hospitality industry is an effective and successful industry within the business world.
Therefore, the researcher decides to conduct the research on hospitality industry and the impact
of COVID 19 on industry profitability and sustainability. This research is highly effective as it
provides the knowledge and understanding related to particular industry which is simply
effective to developing the career within hospitality industry. This research report includes
several chapters that help in providing valid and authentic information so that reliable conclusion
and recommendation are to be prepared. Further it present the primary research where
investigator use the interview method where few respondents are selected through sampling
method so that appropriate answers are to be gathered to researcher interview questions. By
conducting primary and secondary research methodology plays a crucial role because it helps in
examine the best source out of several approaches so that effective and efficient results are to be
presented. According to the selected approaches and design valid recommendations are to be
drawn out that helps in presenting the conclusion which is based on the above hypothesis that
comes from both primary and secondary research.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................2
Topic - Impact of COVID 19 on the hospitality industry................................................................5
CHAPTER 1- AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND RATIONALE.............................................................5
1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................5
1.2 Research Aims.......................................................................................................................6
1.3 Research Objectives...............................................................................................................6
1.4 Research questions.................................................................................................................6
1.5 Rationaleof research...............................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK...........................................................................7
.........................................................................................................................................................9
.........................................................................................................................................................9
.........................................................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 3- LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................11
2.1Introduction...........................................................................................................................11
2.2 Theme 1: Economic impact of COVID 19 on hospitality industry.....................................11
2.3 Theme 2: Steps that are taken by hospitality industry to grow business after pandemic....12
2.4 Theme 3: Determine the negative impact occurred by pandemic........................................13
2.5 Theme 4: Explain relationship between sustainability and hospitality industry..................13
2.6 Summary..............................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODLOGY.............................................................................15
3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................15
3.2 Choice of research design....................................................................................................16
3.3 Construction of chosen methods..........................................................................................17
3.4 Data analysis........................................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION.....................................................20
4.1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................20
4.2 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS.............................................................................................20
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................27
5.1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................27

5.2 CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................27
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................................................................28
Chapter 6: Recommendations for further research........................................................................32
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................33

Topic - Impact of COVID 19 on the hospitality industry
CHAPTER 1- AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND RATIONALE
1.1 Introduction
Hospitality industry is a wide categories of field within the service industry as it includes
several food and drinks services, accommodation services, lodging services, theme parks, event
planning and transportation services within the hotels, resorts, restaurants, bars, pubs etc. In this
hospitality industry is mainly a part of travel industry whereas hotel industry is a part of
hospitality industry(Dube,Nhamo and Chikodzi, 2020) . This report is based on hotel industry
which is a part of hospitality industry. In current scenario COVID 19 impact drastically on the
world and several business industries. This highly influence safety measures to the people. Due
to the government rules several countries are shut down and due to this business enterprises
suffer majorly. As Hospitality industry is a service industry that highly impact due to occurrence
of COVID 19 in the world. The impact of COVID 19 is unpredictable and huge on both the
revenues andsupply chains of hotel industry. This uncertainty hit the profitability and
sustainability of hotel industry hardest(Lu, and et. al., 2020).This research studies the impact of
corona virus on the hospitality industry especially on hotel industry. It impact on industry in
several terms like operational and financial aspects. In terms of operational aspect hotel industry
manages the payments of suppliers and in financial aspects industry maintains transparency with
their stakeholders who are investors so that profitability will be maintained by taking effective
decisions. In terms of consumer side, at this time visitors want full safety and health precaution
while taking services of hospitality industry such as travelling check in and check outs and also
focus on hygiene at the hotel premise where they stay (Melissen and Sauer, 2018). This will
highly impact the hotel industry because due to this expenses are increased and they pay high
charges to customers which lowering the customer base. It will impact profitability of business
enterprise. This research report undertakes the impact of COVID 19 on hospitality industry. for
this researcher takes the use of several aspects which are demonstrate in the projects so that
viable and reliable conclusion is to be drawn effectively and efficiently at the end of the research.
To conduct this research, there are several factors which are to be included so that effective

results are drawn. To get the answer of the research questions, researcher used to conduct
secondary research where literature review is to be adopted. This helps in providing data and
information about the particular objectives on the author point of view. This this investigator
adopts the use of books, journals, scholar articles etc. because it gives authentic results of the
research questions on the basis of which whole research is conducted(Bajramiand et. al., 2020).
Further it includes the use of research methodology that is one of the most crucial factors of
conducting a research proficiently because it provides the suitable approach, design, methods for
conducting a research. In this primary data is also to be used where researcher takes the
interviews from managers of a restaurant regarding the impact of COVID 19 on hotel industry. It
gives relevant information that helps in presenting effective data while conducting research.
1.2 Research Aims
The aim behind conducting this current research is based on specific topic that is “To
study the impact of COVID 19 on hospitality industry”.
1.3 Research Objectives
A research objective refers to that aspect which reflects the objectives of conducting this
research and what the research want to achieve. The objectives of present research are presented
below:
 To critically evaluate the economic impact of COVID 19 on the hotel industry.
 To identify what steps are the hotel industries taking to grow their business after the
pandemic.
 To determine the negative impact occurred by the pandemic.
 To explore the relationship between sustainability and hospitality industry.
1.4 Research questions
A research questions are those questions that a research study set out the answer. It is
very essential for conducting the whole research effectively and efficiently. The research
questions are based on the objectives that researcher have to set earlier. The current study
research questions are demonstrated below:
 What is the economic impact of COVID 19 on the hotel industry?

 What steps are to be taken by hotel industries to grow their business after the pandemic?
 What are the negative impact occurred by the pandemic?
 What is the relationship between sustainability and hospitality industry?
1.5 Rationaleof research
The main reason for conducting this research is to be investigating the impact of COVID
19 on the hospitality industry. This research is very effective for researcher because it helps in
gaining the deep understanding and knowledge on the particular topic which is based on hotel
industry(Yeh, 2020). Conducting this study is not only assist in deep understanding but also
improve and enhance the skills and knowledge about the areas that are interlinked or associated
with the research topic. This research project support in examine the several platforms and
concepts of hospitality industry along with the impact of COVID 19 on the businesses and
sustainability. This report helps in providing the knowledge regarding economic impact of
COVID 19 on hotel industry. Besides this this research also helps in examine the several steps
that are used and taken by hotel industries to grow their businesses after the pandemic situation.
Further it also demonstrates the negative impact that was occurred within hotel industry due to
pandemic. Although, involving in this research is also helps in understanding the relationship
between sustainability and hospitality industry (Ram, 2018). All these terms are to be gained by
conducting this research. To examine all this factors research use primary and secondary data
and this helps in gaining knowledge regarding how to do primary and secondaryresearch which
helps investigator in future research. As the current research study topic also interesting because
it fulfills researcher interest and develops educational aspects which helps in enhancing skills
and personal competencies of the researcher(Kim, 2020). Hence the selection of this current
topic is very essential from researcher personal and professional perspective.
CHAPTER 2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Theoretical framework refers to a collection of interrelated concepts that helps in guiding
the research due to this researcher effectively determine the things that they will measure and
what statistical relationship investigator is looking for (Chamolaand et.al., 2020). To conduct this
research, researcher use to prepare a theoretical framework that is based on research questions so

that appropriate points related to research objectives arepresented below that will supports
investigator to draw a conclusion effectively at the end of research.

Economic impact of COVID 19
on hospitality industry
The economic impact of COVID
is vast because due to this
hospitality has to losing average
in their profit earning along with
firing number of employees
because of not having enough
reserves to pay them.
Steps hotel industry taken to grow
business after pandemic
Implement proper rates, promotions
and discounts
Start social media marketing
Ensure proper sanitizations and
cleanliness
Provide proper training to their staff
members.To study the
impact of
COVID 19 on
hospitality
Determine negative impact
occurred by pandemic
There are several factors which
impacted hospitality industry
negatively that are occurred due to
pandemic that are presented below:
Employment issues- In hospitality
industry the pandemic impacts
negatively by reducing the needs of
staffing, temporary location closure
etc.
Financial issues- Companies need
liquidly asset to continue their
operations that negatively affect
company monetary value.
Explore the relationship between
sustainability and hospitality
industry
Sustainability is highly regarded as
key success of business enterprise
within 21stcentury. It is natural eco
systems supports life and provides
resources to present and future
generations it is highly interlinked
with hospitality industry because it is
based on natural environment where
visitors are visit.

CHAPTER 3- LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1Introduction
Literature review refers to an effective technique that reflects as a scholarly source on a
particular research topic. It simply includes the findings of relevant publications such as books,
journals, articles, scholarly articles etc (Wang, Yao and Martin, 2021). by using this sources
researcher effectively critically analyzing the research topic that is based on research objectives.
In this chapter, researcher conduct secondary research related to impact of COVID 19 on
hospitality industry so that researcher understands and gain information effectively. In this
discussion is to be based on specific topic research questions so that investigator effectively
drawn the conclusion at the end of research. The current research topic is divided into several
themes that is economic impact of COVID 19, Steps taken by hospitality industry after COVID
19 to get high success, examine negative impact of pandemic on hospitality industry, relationship
between sustainability and hospitality industry. All these themes are based on particular topic
that is impact of COVID 19 on hospitality industry. These themes are presented below that helps
researcher to gain knowledge so that authentic conclusion and recommendations are to be drawn.
2.2 Theme 1: Economic impact of COVID 19 on hospitality industry
As per the viewpoint of Del Ross, (2021), it is stated that COVID 19 impacted nearly all types of
industries along with everyone livings and working in all over the world. In this it is evaluated
that hospitality industry has been majorly hit due to the economic impact because of COVID 19.
In hospitality industry there are many job opportunities available that enhances living standards
of people (Kaushal and Srivastava, 2021). But due to the pandemic attack employees are losing
their jobs and losing hours because of limited travel due to COVID impact. In this economic
impact is just wider and huge. In last few years hospitality industry majorly focus on
implementing technology. This helps positively on utilization of mobile phone applications. As
technology impacted economic in positive manner that highly supportive at the time of COVID
19 because due to implementation of technology hospitality industry effectively prepare the labor
plans along with protecting the rights of guests that helps in maintaining the profitable results of
an business enterprise. In recent time hospitality industry is mainly focus on the technology
advancements into their daily segments. As hospitality industry offers services and goods to their

customers and they are reflected with ranks. Due to the COVID 19 impact GDP and national
income drops down that will impact hospitality industry to lower their prices for attracting
customers and retaining profits that helps the economic to grow. As in hospitality industry
companies focus on maintaining their relations and social interaction with market and consumer
and due to this industries highly focus on quality of services so that profitable results enjoyed
and this will positively impact the economy and hospitality industry.
2.3 Theme 2: Steps that are taken by hospitality industry to grow business after pandemic
According to the viewpoint of Avik Bhattacharya, (2021), there are several steps which were
taken by hospitality industry to grow the business after the impact of COVID 19. These are
demonstrated below:
 Focus on changes in customer experience- Due to the pandemic attack; several
measures are to be taken into mind that helps hospitality industry to grow their success
within marketplace. In this hospitality industry focus several aspects such as emphasis on
culture of sharing, avoid cross contaminations etc. All these aspects are taken by hotel
industry, food and beverage industry that helps travel companies to enhance their demand
and earn high profitable results with longer sustainability.
 Focus on quality asset management- The impact of COVID 19 is reflected on whole
hospitality industry and due to this many companies within hospitality industry are being
closed. To overcome these issues hospitalityindustry focuses on sustainable development
by renovating the assets for the purpose of repositioning and increasing competition. In
this hospitalityindustry focuses on full-cycle sustainable solutions that are highly based
on rich solutions that help in designing the excellence services. This helps in nurturing
the brand and also foster customer services service culture (Önder and Gunter, 2020).
 Focus on online reputation- After pandemic attack, hospitality industry majorly focus
on developing their online reputation because it is the core step for enjoying long term
growth and success within the marketplace. In this hospitality industry mainly focus on
promoting their brand by providing online information to customers. It helps customers
to easily monitor the several brands and choose effectively and wisely. It helps hospitality
industry to get high level of success within business industry.

 Ensuring proper sanitisation and cleanliness-During the post COVID 19, hospitality
industry focus on taking this step as it is highly crucial for growth and success of the
business within market place. In this hospitality industry focuses on proper safety by
sanitisation and cleanliness so that number of customers is to be attracted towards it.
2.4 Theme 3: Determine the negative impact occurred by pandemic
As per the viewpoint of “Taylor,(2019)” Businesses done under the hospitality industry
need to make sure that they gain best position within marketplace to attain high profitable results.
It includes several factors which impacted negatively due to the occurrence of COVID 19 which
highly impact employment, financial terms within business industry.
 Employment issues- Employers within all industries mainly hospitality industry faces
major challenge that impact the living standard of people indirectly. Due to the COVID
19 many employees lose their jobs that will create depression, anxiety in the people and
causes health issues (Impact of COVID-19 on the Restaurant & Hospitality
Industry,2021). In hospitality industry employees play a major role in offering services to
customers and COVID 19 impact the closure of many companies in this industry that
impacted the employment opportunities in negative manner.
 Financing issues-Another negative impact of COVID 19 is presented as financial issues
within hospitality industry. Due to pandemic, uncertainty would occur within current
environment. In this hospitality industry focuses on providing several services to their
customers and they need financial resources. Due to COVID 19 industry face major loss
that impact negatively on financial terms due to this company’s sustainability may occur.
2.5 Theme 4: Explain relationship between sustainability and hospitality industry
As per the view point of Jeffares, 2021, it has been identified that sustainability in
hospitality industrial sector play important role especially during the time period of covid-19
outbreak. It has been identified that with the help of sustainability organization within hospitality
industry sector can not only enhance consumer satisfaction level but can also conduct their
business operations in eco friendly manner. With the help of taking advantage of reusable tows
and saving water, entities within hospitality industry sector can significantly undertake advantage
of sustainable approaches in order to significantly contribute towards society and environment. It
is essential for hotel to significantly contribute in corporate social responsibility practices along

with environmental policies in order to make sure that they have effective contribution towards
natural ecosystem. It has been identified that it not only help in supporting live but also assist in
providing resources to effectively fulfill need of present as well as future generations. With the
help of taking advantage of sustainable practices hotel sector can lower down the increased
pressure on environment. It has been identified that sustainability play important role in
hospitality sector as with the help of this hotel can undertake consumption of eco friendly
products and services, in order to reduce wastage creation. Furthermore, according to the
analysis it has been identified that sustainability in hospitality effectively for conservation of
energy while reducing wastage with the use of organic materials and establishing energy
management programs hotel can effectively conduct their business operations. Furthermore, with
the help of evaluating energy usage and embracing renewable energy and further educating
employees about the same will allow hotels to conduct their business operations in a well-
defined an effective manner. It is essential for hotels to develop major skill as well as
understanding in hospitality business management that further include ethics, planet, people
profit and equality. With the help of sustainable ecosystem management hotel can generate more
local job and can significantly improve quality of work. It helps in increasing positive feeling
inside the community with the help of taking advantage of Sustainable practices hotels can not
only enhance their long-term sustainability in marketplace but can also enhance overall level of
consumer satisfaction (Hassi, 2019). Furthermore, it has been identified that the help of
sustainable practices hotels can gain benefits in terms of increased productivity; improve health
due to use eco friendly materials and more positive surrounding. This helps in increasing life
quality as well as productivity of hotels. Thus, according to the above mentioned analysis it has
been identified that there is significant relationship between sustainability and hospitality
industry. With the help of taking advantage of Sustainable practices and measures hotels can
effectively conduct their business operations while enhancing consumer satisfaction level. With
the help of Sustainable practices hotels can enhance their business growth and can assure long-
term sustainability. Furthermore it has been identified that sustainable practices also help hotels
to enhance its competitiveness in respective industrial sector.

2.6 Summary
Thus according to the analysis of above mentioned literature review it has identified that
covid-19 have negative impact of own business operations of hotels in hospitality industry.
However in this with the help of implementing different type of practices and adopting
sanitization and cleanliness on regular basis hotel can imprecise up on safety and security of
customers. Furthermore, while focusing upon online reputation and quality asset management
hotel industry can significantly grow after pandemic. There is an adverse impact of covid-19 of
hospitality industry in terms of economy. Thus, it is essential for organizations within this
industrial sector to effectively undertake advantage of sustainable practices as to conduct their
business operation while emphasizing upon the environmental protection. It is essential for
hotels to undertake proper steps such as promotion and discount social media marketing,
providing training to staff members in order to conduct their business operations in a well
defined and effective manner (Peters and Kallmuenzer, 2018). It will help hotels to enhance their
profitability as well as long-term sustainability in a well defined and effective manner.
Furthermore, the help of abiding all the government rules and regulation along with the protocols
hotel scan sure offering safe and secure environment to customers through which they can
enhance trust within them towards facilities and services provided by hotel
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Research methodology is the way through which investigator need to direct their
evaluation. It shows the way through which researcher detail their concern and level headed and
present their outcome from the information got during the investigation time frame. This
research methodology and procedure part additionally shows the manner in which the
exploration result toward the end will be gotten in accordance with meeting the goal of the
investigation (Naidu, 2021). In addition to this, it has been evaluated that, research methodology
depicting how the investigation was led. Furthermore, according to the analysis it has been

determined that, research methodology mainly incorporates, research design, sample and sample
size, study population, methods of data analysis, methods of data collection, and anticipation of
study. In addition to this, it has been underlined that, research methodology is mainly define as a
philosophy of research process.
3.2 Choice of research design
The research design basically defines the overall strategy adopted by a researcher to carry
out a research which defines the logical plan and succinct of the investigation. The research
design comprises of description about the plan set by an investigator to for having effective
collection, interpretation, analysis as well as discussion of the collected data. The main forms
and types of research design comprises of Descriptive, Correlational,
Causal-Comparative/Quasi-Experimental, and Experimental Research out of which use and
implication of descriptive form of research design has been made out for current investigation.
The utilization of descriptive form of research design is most appropriate and suitable for current
investigation as it aims and facilitates an accurate and systematic way of investigation by the
way of effectively defining and describing a set situation and phenomenon in a detailed manner
(Pérez and Dzubay, 2021). The description about the applied research philosophy and approach
has been provided below which supports use of descriptive research design for effectively
undertaking current investigation.
Research philosophy- This section of research design set out a belief about the way
adopted foe gathering and analysis of information which is bifurcated into two main types i.e
positivisms and interpretivisim philosophy. Out of these two form of research philosophy use of
interpretivisim is suitable and justifiable along with descriptive form of research design as it
integrates human opinion and interest unto the study and emphasis on qualitative analysis to
support a more detailed investigation.
Research approach- This section of research design or methodology is associated with
providing complete plans and procedures according to which a research would be undertaken
that is further bifurcated into two main forms i.e. deductive and inductive research approach. In
accordance with the use of descriptive research design, application of inductive approach is
justifiable and suitable as it connected with more effective generation of emerging data along
with supporting better analysis of theoretical framework (Fathi-Fazl and et. al., 2021).

Research strategy- Overall information and guide about the planning, executing and
monitoring of study is facilitated and lead out by the research strategy section which comprises
of various data collection method such as action research, interview, questionnaire, survey, case
study and many more. With respect to current investigation use of interview has been made as
research strategy for ensuring effective collection of in-depth data and human perception for
current study.
3.3 Construction of chosen methods
Choice of method
Research method are basically comprising of information about the ways which applied
by a research to ensure a creative and systematic work which would increase the set knowledge
and understanding level. Basically there are two common form of research method comprises of
qualitative and quantitative method of research method out of which the quantitative method is
associated with numeric and objective form of investigation where as the qualitative research
method is the one which is applied for having a detailed and in-depth form of study (Linthwaite
and Cann, 2021). Therefore, with respect to current investigation, implication and utilization of
qualitative form of research method has been made which supports an in-depth and detailed
information about the perceptive and opinion of human participants in order to develop more
effective knowledge and understanding level about the impact of covid-19 on hospitality industry
(Gupta, 2019).
Collection of data
This section provides information out the sources from where data is actually collected
and originated which comprises of two main sources of data i.e. primary and secondary sources
of data collection. To ensures the higher level of authentic and leading out sufficient information
for study application of both primary and secondary sources of information has been out for
current investigation. Use of primary sources is justifiable as it provides most up to date and
authentic set of information which is collected by researcher through making its own efforts
(Falkner and Marianno, 2021). Thus, primary data is free from all set of business and depicts true
information about set phenomena and concept. The method chosen for current investigation is
based on qualitative method which comprises of collection of primary data with the help of

interview as data collection instrument. Apart from this, use of secondary sources of information
has been also made out in current study as it facilitates enrich information about past study and
articles written on a set topic therefore leads out a base and improved framework for leading out
further investigation (Ali-Tabaar, 2021). The collection of secondary information would have
been made with the help of academic journals, Books, and peer reviewed articles as it provides
up-to date and relevant information to reflect about current hospitality industry status along with
better insights into newer trends and information from various areas of the sector to help make
judgements on viability.
Research instrument
With respect to current investigation use of interview has been made as selected research
instrument which is suitable and justifiable as it facilitates a two-way communication between
the researcher and respondent to collect more detailed and in-depth information. As a
precautionary measure due to covid-19 an online form of interview has been conducted for
current study from the employees of a restaurant based in the how the coronavirus pandemic has
impacted the restaurants industry (Analoui and Kazi, 2021). The list of interview questions that
had been asked from the selected employees of the restaurants based in the topic of how the
covid-19 has affected their workplace and business operations are provided as below:
Interview Questionnaire:
1. Where in the UK are your business sites located?
2. Where in the UK are your sites temporarily or permanently closed?
3. Before the third lockdown, how has the coronavirus pandemic affected your
business’s turnover and profit, compared with normal expectations for this time of the
year?
4. What are your plans to reopen?
5. Is your business doing takeaways? if not, why?
6. How has the coronavirus pandemic affected your business's capital expenditure?
7. Has your business received any government-backed loans or finance agreements
during the coronavirus pandemic?

8. How much confidence does your business have that it will survive the next three
months?
9. Does your business expect to make any of your workforce redundant over the next
three months?
10. As per you view point, what is the economic impact of COVID 19 on the hotel
industry?
11. With regard to your experience as working within a hospitality industry, what steps
are to be taken by hotel industries to grow their business after the pandemic?
12. What implication are you having about the negative impact occurred by the pandemic
of covid-19 on the hospitality industry?
13. How would you define the relationship between sustainability and hospitality
industry?
14. Any further recommendation for having improved success and higher profitability
within hospitality industry during the current times of pandemic of Covid-19?
Sampling
Samples are basically made and used by a researcher to make inferences about
populations. Further, sampling method lead to easier ways to effectively collect data from the
selected participants from a larger population which is important because it make a research
work more practical, cost-effective, convenient and manageable (Coker and et. al., 2021). With
respect to current research project a sample size of 4 employees is selected from the two
restaurants which are SKVP Restaurant and Asha’s Restaurant. Implication of probability
sampling technique is made for selection of sample size which ensure an unbiased form of
investigation to maintaining the ethnicity and reliability of collected data.
Ethical consideration
The current investigation comprises of involvement of human participants thus, it is
important and vital to meet all the set ethical consideration to ensure that none of the individuals
get harm or hurt during the course of current investigation. Thus, implication of BERA code of
ethics has been made along with meeting the provisions of data protection act to ensure the
safety and privacy of collected data. Beside this, a written consent has been also taken from the

all the selected participants and option of withdrawal of consent is also provided to meet the set
ethical consideration while conducting current investigation.
3.4 Data analysis
Analysis of data collected with the help of qualitative method of research through making
use of interview would be made through applying the thematic approach of analysis. Thematic
analysis of data is basically a method of analyzing qualitative data which is usually applied to a
set of texts, comprises of interview transcripts under which the researcher closely examines the
data to identify common themes based on specific topics, ideas and patterns of meaning that
come up repeatedly (Hampson, Ferrini and Turner, 2021). Thus, use of thematic approach
supports more effective and systematic analysis of facts collected through leading out an
interview which makes it more appropriate and suitable for current investigation.
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This part of research project and dissertation comprises of information about the analysis
and evaluation made on the basis of collected research data. The findings and analysis part of
current project comprises of an evaluation and discussion of the facts and data collected with the
help of interview. The analysis and interpretation of collected data has been made with the help
of thematic approach which is applied for clear and more effective analysis of qualitative form of
data collected through making use of interview as research instrument.
4.2 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
The analysis of current research findings collected with the help of online interview is
provided with the help of making use of thematic approach:
Theme 1: Business sites located in UK
Interpretation
An analysis has been made on the basis of current interview that the restaurant business sites
of SVKP restaurant are located at various sites of UK which comprises of Slough, London,
Alpha street north and many other locations within England and others parts of UK.

Theme 2: The business sites are temporarily or permanently Closed in UK
Interpretation
During leading out current investigation an observation is made on the basis of collected data
from the interview that due to covid-19 the business sites especially the business operations of
the restaurants are temporally closed in many cities of UK consists of London and other
important sites. Further, it has been also observed that in many cases especially for small
restaurants and street food trucks it has been seen that they are permanently closed and
vanished out from the streets of UK to control the spread of Covid-19. It has been interpreted
on the basis of opinion of selected respondents that the Pandemic of Covid-19 which get
started from the city of Wuhan, China during the December month of 2019 it started spreading
out with a rapid speed in the various parts of world including UK which calls out for sudden
lockdown and maintaining social distancing which leads to temporarily or permanently closure
of many business sites.
Theme 3: Coronavirus pandemic affected the business’s turnover and profit, compared
with normal expectations for this time of the year
Interpretation
It has been analyses on the basis of findings of current investigation that coronavirus has lead
out the most negative and drastic effect on the business turnover and profit of restaurants as
compared with the normal expectation of the year. The pandemic of covid-19 calls out for
sudden restrictions on business operations and lockdown which lead to closure of all
restaurants for a period of more than 3-6 months which has limited and reduced the
profitability and turnover of level of the restaurant industry as expected within a normal year.
Further, due the condition of Covid-19, customers are still under the threat and not much
comfortable and exited towards eating out thus consumption of street foods and other menu
item within restaurants and hospitality industry has reduced which severely affected the
turnover and profit level.

Theme 4: Plans to reopen
Interpretation
On the basis of the view point of the selected participants comprises of the employees of
restaurants from UK, it has been analyzed that they are planning to get reopen after the
removal of legal restricts and lockdown. For this, they had taken all the requoted permission
from the government which comprises of ensuring that the proper precautions and rules set out
by the government would be followed strictly. It has been also analyzed that the reopening of
the restaurants in UK is based on following of set provision for improved cleaning and
sanitation measures along with disinfecting surfaces and high-touch points. Beside this, proper
education for staff on the virus along with training about how to protect themselves and others
from infection of covid-19 is essentially require within restaurants for their effective reopening
at various sites of UK.
Theme 5: Currently business is doing takeaways
Interpretation
On the basis of collected data during the current study, an interpretation can be made out that
currently both SKVP Restaurant and Asha’s Restaurant are operating their business as
takeaways. The concept of takeaway comprises of those hospitality services where food is
prepared and made within a restaurant and is order by the client through some online or offline
channels which is then taken away by the supplier (delivery source) or customers them-self to
be eaten at home or elsewhere. Thus, an analysis can be made out that during the time of
Covid-19 the option of takeaway is most preferable and suitable for hospitality industry and
restaurants like SKVP Restaurant and Asha’s Restaurant to continue their business operation
without having much connect and direct interaction with the customers. A discussion can be
made out based on findings of current investigation that takeaways are the best option for
restaurants during the time of covid-19 to continue their business operations as it ensures
cooking of food at restaurants but does not allow customers to get collected and grouped at
one place through effectively suppling and delivering food thus, meets and fully comply with
the social distancing norms and set a control on spread of covid-19.

Theme 6: The way coronavirus pandemic affected the business's capital expenditure
Interpretation
An interpretation has been made out on the basis of view point of selected respondents from
the employees of restaurants that coronavirus pandemic has affected business’s capital
expenditure in a most server and negative way. It has been observed that during the time of
covid-19 pandemic the demand in restaurant or hospitality sector has declined to a great extent
which has limit the revenue of the firms thus, leading an adverse impact on the business
capital expenditure. Further, as per the view of selected employees from hospitality industry it
has been seen that the issue of covid-19 pandemic has increased the Capital expenditures
(CapEx) for restaurant business as thus, need to expense more fund to acquire, upgrade, and
maintain physical assets such as property, buildings, technology, or equipment that needs to be
properly cleaned and sanitized to stop the spread of covid-19. Further, a higher capital
expenditure is also requited by restaurants business to have improved financial outlay to
increase the scope of their operations or add some economic benefit to the operation after the
reopening of restaurants to attract and cater larger number of customers through ensuring them
about their safety by the way of taking required protective measures.
Theme 7: Business received any government-backed loans or finance agreements during
the coronavirus pandemic
Interpretation
With respect to the information collected from the selected participants from the employees of
restaurants, an analysis can be made out that business organisation within Hospitality industry
received many government-backed loans or finance agreements during the coronavirus
pandemic which comprises of several efforts made by government to protect business
operation within hospitality industry during this global pandemic. The main forms of these
government loans comprises of loans backed up by government guarantees along with
additional funding and option of loan repayment deferral for restaurants within UK. Further, a
discussion could also be made that the government of UK will provide guarantees of up to
80% to restaurants by the way of Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme and
Coronavirus Large Business Interruption Loan Scheme to support hospitality industry. Beside

this, a new Covid Corporate Financing Facility is also lead out the government of UK which
would Grants a government loan of between £10,000 - £25,000 to eligible restaurant
businesses along with option of deferral of VAT and business rate holiday has been also
offered.
Theme 8: Confidence regarding the fact that business will survive the next three months
Interpretation
A maximum number of selected participants from the employees of SKVP Restaurant and
Asha’s Restaurant are seemed Confidant regarding the fact that business will survive the next
three months as many vital measures in form of takeaways and other online delivery services
has been adopted by both the companies which support their survival even during the time of
Covid-19. Apart from this, support from government agencies in form of loan and deferral
payments are boosting the survival chances and tendency of SKVP Restaurant and Asha’s
Restaurant. Beside this, all the precautionary measures and steps also taken by the SKVP
Restaurant and Asha’s Restaurant to ensure there effective business operations and survival for
the next three months.
Theme 9: Business is expecting to make any workforce redundant over the next three
months
Interpretation
It has been analyzed during the course of current investigation based on the collected data that
the both the restaurants i.e. SKVP Restaurant and Asha’s Restaurant were facing a threat of
temporary closure due to covid-19 pandemic thus, they were seemed to have a tendency of
leading workforce redundant during the time of lockdowns. The term workforce redundant
comprises of the process when the employers have to let go of one or more employees within
its organisation due to some circumstances unrelated to job performance or behavior thus, the
negative circumstances of covid-19 compel the restaurant business to have workforce
redundant. Further, it has been analyses on the basis of information collected from the
managers and employees of SKVP Restaurant and Asha’s Restaurant that because of getting

support from government to pay salaries of employees who are unable to work they are not
going to opt for the option of workforce redundant over the next three months. Beside this,
starting of takeaways and enhanced option of online delivery services has also facilitated
support for restaurant business thus, they are not expecting to make any workforce redundant
over the next three months.
Theme 10: Economic impact of COVID 19 on the hotel industry
Interpretation
On the basis of current interview, it has been find out that a most serve and adverse impact is
led by Covid-19 on the economy of hotel industry as due to the pandemic attack of this global
pandemic many employees are losing their jobs and losing hours because of limited travel due
to COVID impact lead out by sudden lockdowns and other restrictions. Thus, In this times of
covid-19 the adverse and negative economic impacts are just wider and huge for hospitality
industry as many of the restaurants has to go through and faced temporary as well as
permanent closure due to lockdowns and maintaining norms of social distancing along with
strict provision of government to control the spread of coronavirus that lead a negative impact
on economy and financial revenue and profit of hospitality industry.
Theme 11: Steps are to be taken by hotel industries to grow their business after the
pandemic
Interpretation
With regard to current investigation and interview conducted on the employees of SKVP
Restaurant and Asha’s Restaurant it has been analyzed that the possible steps that are to taken
by the hospitality industry to grown effectively after the current pandemic of Covid-19
comprises of focusing on leading change in customer’s experience by the way of emphasizing
on improved sanitization and cleaning of restaurant. Beside this, focusing in the quality of the
asset management and leading sustainable development by renovating the assets for the
purpose of repositioning and increasing competition is also a vital way to grow after convid-
19. Apart from this, going online and developing an effective online reputation is also a vital

way to have improved growth at the time of covid-19.
Theme 12: Negative impact occurred by the pandemic of covid-19 on the hospitality
industry
Interpretation
It has been analyzed by the way of review of collected data from the interview of selected
employees from restaurant that many negative impacts are occurred on hospitality industry
during the time of pandemic of covid-19 which comprises of having higher employment issues
due to the tendency of workforce redundant by many employers. Apart from this, financing
issues is also one of the most vital negative impact of covid-19 as it leads to temporary or
permanent closure of many restaurants within UK along with leading decline in demand and
customers which are creating issue of financial crises for hospitality industry.
Theme 13: Relationship between sustainability and hospitality industry
Interpretation
During the course of current investigation, it has been analyzed and seen that maximum
number of employees of SKVP Restaurant and Asha’s Restaurant were having a view point
that that a direct and close relationship is exists between the sustainability and hospitality
industry especially during the times of covid-19. An analysis can be made out that implication
of sustainable practices which are based on protection of natural resources and environment
would enhance the customer satisfaction level and develop improved brand image of a
restaurant in hospitality industry therefore, attract and cater a larger number of customers.
Apart from this, a discussion could also be made out that implication of sustainable practices
also leads to reduction in capital expenditure for hospitality industry through ensuring use of
reusable tows and saving water and other resources which lead to higher profit and growth.
Theme 14: Recommendation for having improved success and higher profitability within
hospitality industry during the current times of pandemic of Covid-19

Interpretation
With respect to current investigation based on the data collected from the employees of SKVP
Restaurant and Asha’s Restaurant it has been analyzed that many recommend ways are there
for having improved success and higher profitability within hospitality industry during the
current times of pandemic of Covid-19 which consist of upgrading of cleaning and sanitation
measures, disinfecting surfaces and high-touch points, educating staff on the virus. Apart from
this, effectively applying with the reinforcing protocols set by government like maintaining
physical distancing, hand washing, and improved security with people staying in their
vehicles/sanitizing hands and other material to slow down or reduce the spread of covid-19.
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
This research has been conducted on the aim which is to study the impact of covid-19 on
hospitality industry. In order to determine the answer, in-depth analysis has been conducted. In
addition to this report it also includes literature review at the secondary research and a
questionnaire which is a primary research. With the help of both of these data collection method
in-depth evaluation of the research aim is being conducted. This helps in attaining effective
research. In addition to this, with the help of secondary data researcher undertakes in-depth
evaluation about the impact of covid-19 on hospitality sector during the outbreak of covid-19 is
determined (Jeffares, 2021). While if it is talked about, primary data it allow investigator to
effectively understand the negative as well as positive impact of covid-19 on hospitality
industrial sector. With the proper evaluation of the research aim with the assistance of both of
these data collection method effective conclusion will now be drawn. In addition to this the
conclusion is further followed by recommendation to conduct further research in effective
manner.
5.2 CONCLUSION
According to the above mentioned research analysis it has been identified that hospitality
industry is a wide scale industrial sector that involve activities related to accommodation
services, food and drink service, and theme park, lodging service, event planning, transportation

service, restaurant, bus, resorts and more. The number of business organizations engaged in this
industrial segment and provide numerous facilities and services to customers. It has been
identified that due to covid-19 there is negative impact upon profitability and sustainability of
organization performing their roles and responsibility in hospitality sector. It has been identified
that in order to break the chain of covid-19 spread government of all countries around the world
imposed lockdown that restrict travel and other operations. This lock down has unpredictable as
well as huge impact on hotel industry revenue. Furthermore it has been identified that there are
number of factors that affected hospitality industry in negative manner. In this it has been
underline that employment issue is the major negative impacts upon hospitality industry, as
industry offer job to number of individual. Due to the outbreak of covid-19 there is total halt on
the operations of hospitality industrial sector that affected job opportunities of number of
individuals. Along with this, it has been underlined that financial issue is also the key negative
impact of covid-19 on hospitality industry segment. In addition to this it has been underlined that
number of countries is facing challenges to conduct their daily basis operations. However with
the help of undertaking significant steps organization within hospitality industrial sector can
implement strategies to grow business after pandemic. In this with the help of social media
marketing, implementing proper rates, offering discounts and additional benefits to customers
significantly aid companies in this industrial sector, to influence large number of consumers
towards their services and products (Lu, Zhang and Zhang, 2021). Furthermore, with the help of
abiding all the government health and safety standards while ensuring proper sanitization. This
will allow organization within hospitality industry to serve customers while focusing upon their
safety and health.
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
Due to the outbreak of corona virus there is negative impact upon roles functions and
activities of organization performing operation in hospitality industrial sector. This outbreak
affected each and every aspect of hospitality industry as in this government imposed restrictions
in the form of social distancing as to provide safety and security to individuals. In this it is
recommended to hotels to implement certain guidelines and protocols imposed by government as
to provide safe and secure services and facilities to customers. This will not only help hotels
conduct their business operations in effective manner but will also allow them to protect
individual and promises with better control. It is essential for hotels to make the employees and

staff feel and secure (Hassan, 2021). In this with the help of implementing different type of
measures and protocols hotels can provide clean and save premises to guest and employees.
Furthermore, it has been underlined that it is essential for hotels to update cancellation policies
while implementing new measures especially for epidemic. In addition to this hotels are also
recommended to make their sure that there is comfort and flexible while allowing guests to have
a better room with proper safety (Hou, Zhang and Li, 2021). This will help hotels to conduct
their business operations in hospitality industry in effective manner. With the help of
implementing safety and security protocols hotel can build confidence and trust among
customers. This will help actively help in assuring safety and security of employees and
customers on simultaneous basis. Mentioned below there are some certain form of
recommendation through which hotels can conduct their business operations after Covid-19
while addressing all the protocols and measures.
Tech-savvy accommodation facilities to guests:
Technology proves to be one of the most effective aspect with the help of which guests
can be satisfied in a well define and effective manner. According to the analysis it has been
identified that, visitors anticipate that hotels must have proper understanding as well as
awareness of innovation. With having significant presence via web-based media channels, like
Facebook or Instagram is crucial particularly for regular updates. This will significantly assist
hotels to offer essential information in time effective manner. In addition to this, it has been
evaluated that, visitors during covid-19 seek towards flexible booking facilities in the event that
they are forced to drop at short notification because of a neighborhood lockdown or change of
individual conditions. Furthermore, it has been underlined that, it is essential for hotels to
comply with the protocol of social distance and utilize contactless registration, room passage and
room administration since they decrease connection and feel more secure. This will significantly
help hotels to offer facilities as well services to customers while assuring their safety and
security in a well define and effective manner (Senhaji, Faquir and Jamil, 2021). In addition to
this, it has been evaluated that, review room-eating menus and lodging based amusement
exercises to give visitors more choices for their visit also help hotels to treat their customers
while focusing upon their safety and concern. Furthermore, it has been determined that, The
Internet of Things (IoT) duly embraces items like LED lighting, Alexa and Google Home,

temperature control and s mart television is also acts as an another extraordinary method to pass
on data about housekeeping as well as various other services. Along with this, hotels can buttons
with sensors or handles to effectively operate devices and enter in room.
A clean environment:
Great cleanliness in lodgings has never been more significant. It is essential for hotels to
effectively abide and place all the essential safety and security protocols in order to offer
emergency response to Covid-19 conformed cased. In the event that a contaminated individual
has been at lodging it's significant that hotels decontaminate as per according to the health and
other precautionary measures (Hansen and Hansen, 2021). Furthermore, it has been underlined
that it is also important for hotels to utilize the most significant level of personal protective kit
(PPE) and duly comply with wellbeing guidelines consistently. In addition to this, it has been
evaluated that, with the help of adopting or implementing new operational activities that mainly
involves profound cleaning of delicate surfaces, for example, rugs and upholstery and high-
contact surfaces like lift catches and public washrooms. It has been identified that, deep cleaning
limits the danger of virus being spread by means of surfaces that further lead towards decreasing
the probability of cross-tainting for visitors and representatives. However, it has been underlined
that, manual strategies are regularly the best option to clean surfaces however in the event that
due to the speedy spread to this virus there is a need of disinfection at larger area. In this, it is
recommended to hotels to use ultra-low volume (ULV) disinfection fogging that will arrive at
regions that are hard to get to. It has been identified that fogging can fundamentally lessen the
quantity of microorganisms both on surfaces and noticeable all around.
Services and facilities with the help of robots
It has been evaluated that, during this outbreak it is essential for hotels to provide
contactless deliver to visitor experience. It not only helps in enhancing satisfaction level of
customers but will also aid hotels to effectively comply with the government norms and
restrictions. While embracing robots services, hotels can utilize this facility in their lodging and
housekeeping. In addition to this, with the help of mobile key that can be accessed through their
application, allow hotels to offer safe and secure services and facilities to guests. In addition to
this, it has been underlined that hotels in also recommended to undertake use of card-payments

options as well as sanitization stations in order to embrace contactless services and facilities
options (Vatan and Dogan, 2021). By utilizing no-contact innovation the risk of virus
transmission is a lot of lower. Furthermore, with the assistance of hand and surface sanitizers for
key areas and no-contact paper and material gadgets will effectively help to diminish the spread
of virus.
Face-up to Covid-19
It is the basic responsibility of hotels to ensure that each and every individual whether it
is employee or consumer is safer. For this hotel has recommended enhancing cleaning along with
screenings. It is necessary to adhere mandatory covering during covid-19 pandemic. Thus, it is
essential for hotels to provide disposable gloves, PPR, face mask and face kits. These are non
recyclable thus, it is essential and recommended to hotel to place in multi use bins. Furthermore
Hotel is also recommended to develop as safe as well as responsible removal services in order to
make sure that their guest and staff feel protected by avoiding irresponsible disposal of PPE. This
measure will effectively help in enhancing safety and security among employees and customers
in effective manner.
Security
It is essential for hotel to convey the guest that they are in constant communication with
local authorities. It not only helps in enhancing satisfaction level among customers but will also
allow more customers to feel safe and secure with the use of the facilities provided by hotels. In
addition to this hotel is also recommended to create a register of travelers in which hotels are
required to record history of recent travel by both employees and guest. Furthermore, it is also
recommended for organization in hotel industry to provide frequent uniform laundry services and
develop internal laundry protocol that are required for all staff members to follow. In hotel
bedding and lining play most important role. Thus, it is essential for hotel to review entire
process of cleanliness and bedding in regular manner. This will helps in enhancing overall level
of satisfaction of customers in a well defined and effective manner. Furthermore, in order to
provide security to health and safety of customers hotel is recommended to undertake use of
chemicals which is recognized by relevant authorities. In addition to this, hotel is also
recommended to develop protocol for quarantines and epidemic and provide effective training to

eat in every staff member, as to identify possible symptoms of covid-19. Furthermore,
implementation of temperature control system is also recommended for hotel along with to
undertake use of with the help of ventilation system. With the help of this hotel can increase
disinfection process through which they can provide hygienic and safe environment to
customers. It has been recommended to hotel to keep that team informed about the businesses
expectations and current protocol and guidelines imposed by government. They are also
recommended to undertake use of technological tools in order to maintain safe environment.
Hotel is also recommended to undertake use of regular communication with staff members in
order to provide the information the new protocols. Technology play contingency tool that helps
in providing safe and secure services to customers.
Thus, according to the above mentioned analysis it has been identified that after covid-19 it is
essential for hotel engaged in hospitality industry to make sure that they implement each and
every health protocol imposed by government. It not only helps them to conduct their business
operations in effective manner but will also allow them to enhance safety and security of
customers. Thus, with the help of above mentioned recommendation hotels can conduct their
operation in effective manner. In terms with conducting future research it is recommended to
effectively emphasize upon taking advantage of more sources to collect data and information. It
not only helps in conducting in-depth evaluation of the issue but will also allow viability of
research.
Chapter 6: Recommendations for further research
The current investigation has been undertaken by me on the topic of impact of covid-19
on the hospitality industry which has reflected that many adverse impact and consequences are
lead out by covid-19 on economy and financial aspects of restaurants. Thus, a further research on
the topic of recommend ways that can be adopted by hospitality industry to mitigate and
overcome the negative issues of covid-19 could be conducted by me as further research. Apart
from this, an implication can be made out by me that leading out current investigation is a very
informative and knowledgeable journey for me that has enhanced my communication skill and
their personal and professional competencies which support improved future growth and wider
opportunity for me.

Beside this, use of qualitative form of research method was also seemed suitable and
appropriate for undertaking current investigation as provided a detailed and in-depth information
about the selected topic. But leading out a qualitative research is much more time consuming and
complex as collection of data through interview require more time and efforts. Beside this,
selection of a small sample size was also a pitfall and drawback of current investigation. Thus,
for more effectively conducting and leading out a future research, use of quantitative form of
research method would be made by me which supports and leads out a more efficient and vital
manner of data collection. Beside this, use of quantitative research method for further research
would also support a more effective way of data presentation with the help of statistical tool and
graphs which ensures a more measurable and specific set of research result.

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