Equality and Diversity in the workplace

This research paper explores the impact of workplace discrimination on the productivity and performance of employees within an organization, with a case study of Apple Inc. It discusses the concept of workplace discrimination, problems faced by higher authorities, strategies adopted to decline discrimination, and provides recommendations.

RESEARCH
PROJECT

Table of Contents
Title:- Equality and Diversity in the workplace...............................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
Background of the research....................................................................................................2
Research aim..........................................................................................................................2
Research objectives................................................................................................................3
Research questions.................................................................................................................3
Rationale of the research........................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................4
Concept of workplace discrimination in a company..............................................................4
Problems faced by higher authorities of Apple Inc. due to discrimination at workplace......5
Strategies adopted by managers of Apple Inc. to decline workplace discrimination within the
organisation............................................................................................................................7
METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION...........................................................................7
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS...........................................................................9
Questionnaire..........................................................................................................................9
Frequency Table...................................................................................................................10
Thematic Analysis................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................18
Conclusion............................................................................................................................18
Recommendation..................................................................................................................19
REFLECTION AND ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................19
REFLECTION......................................................................................................................19
ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY......................................................................20
1

Title: - Equality and Diversity in the workplace
INTRODUCTION
Workplace discrimination can be defined as that phenomenon which is related to various
issues which are faced by the employees while working on a particular job. It include occurrence
of a situation where employee will face difficulties and ordered to be maintained their colour
religion culture race and various other aspects (Ajunwa, 2018). In context of the present business
type it is identified that workplace discrimination act negatively on the employees falstaff and
cortex of the present research it is considered on Apple. It is a global performing organisation
which was founded by Steve Jobs in 1976. It is an American multinational technology company
which is providing its product at global level and headquartered in California. at the present there
is discussion about the aims and objectives as well as it also consider a literature research and
relation to the equality and Diversity concept for staff is also considered a research methodology
as well as various aspects of a research which are essential in order to perform the particular
research paper in effective manner.
Background of the research
In the recent years, it is identified that workplace this competition is increasing
continuously which is impacting on the performance of organisation as a different individuals.
The main reason behind workplace discrimination is related to caste, religion, culture and
various other backgrounds of employees. It is also evaluated that there are various rules and
regulations which are performed and formulated by different legal organisations. There are
number of rues such as Equality act 2010 and various other which has to be followed. It is also
identified that today's workforce is impacted with direct discrimination and direct discrimination
workplace harassment and various other (Anjum, 2018). It is essential for the organisation to use
appropriate policies in order to reduce your workplace discrimination and perform their function
in effective manner.
Research aim
The aim of this particular research is “To identify the impact of workplace
discrimination in relation to the productivity and performance of employees within the
organization”. A case study of Apple international
2

Research objectives
 To identify the knowledge about the concept related to workplace discrimination within
an organisation.
 To classify different problems that has to be faced by the organisation and the higher
authority due to discrimination within the organisation.
 To analyse various strategies which can be adopted by the marriage between the apple in
order to reduce the cases of workplace discrimination
Research questions
 What is the knowledge about the concept related to workplace discrimination within an
organisation?
 What are the different problems that have to be faced by the organisation and the higher
authority due to discrimination within the organisation?
 Explain various strategies which can be adopted by the marriage between the Apple in order
to reduce the cases of workplace discrimination?
Rationale of the research
Rational can be defined as a reason which is important in order to perform in particular
research. In context of the present research it is identified that bade rational behind using this
topic is to identify the impact of workplace discrimination. It is identified that there are a number
of factors related to workplace discrimination which are directly related to the productivity of the
employees. In order to be the objectives of organisation it is necessary to put the productivity and
perform with fuller utilisation of resources first of human resources in the organisation play
important role in boosting the productivity and managing the prophets. In context to this gift is
difficult for the organisation to manage the functions due to changes in workplace discrimination
cases (Ayala, 2017). This also led to the satisfaction in employees and performs functions in this
appropriate way. this is also identified there are various factors which has to be covered by the
organisation where the brain rational is to improve the organisational performance and identify
the function so that knowledge can be improved regarding workplace discrimination.
3

LITERATURE REVIEW
Concept of workplace discrimination in a company
According to the viewpoint of (Brouwers, 2016) Workplace discrimination can be
defined as a study which is related to the working environment of the organisation in order to
maintain the working environment to improve the productivity. It is also identified the workplace
discrimination is a larger concept which is related to the worldwide population. There are a
number of business organisations which are facing the impact of discrimination on their
functioning. Along with this it is also stated by the authors that there are a different
investigations which are conducted within Europe in order to found the impact of discrimination.
It is identified the duty carries the highest discrimination because the number of employees are
impacted by it. It is also identified that in the current time 48% of overall workforce with
between the age group of 25 to 35 are facing the impact of this problem. This can also evaluated
did more than 10000 employees from different regions within UK such as France, Spain,
Netherlands and various other part of facing discrimination at some point of workplace. It is also
identified the most of the discrimination cases are based on gender nationality integrity
appearance and various other factors which are related to the features of a different individual.
This case it is also identified that these issues are related to the culture financial service
agricultural engineering at various other educational sectors. Along with this it is also concluded
that number of cases related to workplace discrimination or increased because of avoidance as
well as a proper management for the workplace discrimination also impacting on the
performance of employees where they are getting demotivated because of it and reducing the
profitability level of organisations. According to the present research it is also identified and
stated by the author that there are a number of methods which can be utilised by the firm in order
to provide training and development to the employees and help them to meet the situations of
workplace discrimination. There is also identification of various factors which can be used in
order to solve the conflicts and manage the workplace discrimination. Along with this there are a
number of factors which are related to skin colour genetic religion which are also impacting as
workplace discrimination. In context of Apple it is identified that there is appropriate cooperation
with organisation and number of policies which help in reducing the workplace discrimination
factor.
4

The concept of employee discrimination and workplace discrimination is very wide where
various organisations are facing these problems. In order to meet the objectives of organisation,
employee discrimination act as a major barrier. It is Responsibilities of HR department within an
organisation to reduce the workplace discrimination and improve organisational functioning
engaging the employees within working as well as using different policies. In context of the
business environment of UK it is identified that there are a number of organisations which are
following various norms related to reducing the discrimination within organisational functions. It
is related to functions of HR department which provide safe secure and friendly working
environment to the employees where they can meet the requirements and perform business
activities. It is also identified that there are a number of factors which has to be covered by the
organisation to meet the employees requirement as well as gain better results. There is a different
condition which has to be maintained by the HR department within organisation in order to avoid
the confusion as well as provide responsibilities so that employees can openly talk about the
discrimination. This will help the organisation and boosting the performance as well as reducing
the case the workplace discrimination by eliminating the non-social elements from the
organisation.
Problems faced by higher authorities of Apple Inc. due to discrimination at workplace
According to (Buttner and Lowe, 2017) Employee discrimination act as a major problem for the
organisation also reduce the performance level of. There are a number of problems according to
the authors which has to be faced by the organisation because of employee discrimination. There
are different factors such as gender gap as well as various other systems which impact on the
decision-making abilities of higher authorities as well as reduced their performance level for
staff the major factor which impact on the higher level authorities and become a function of
workplace discrimination is related to gender pay gap. It refers to that problem which is faced by
the organisation in terms of providing salary benefits and opportunities. the organisation to
provide services to both male and female employees. It is also difficult for the form to manage
the pain of both male and female employees. Under this wale employees will get higher pay and
better opportunities in comparison to female staff this act as a problem of gender pay gap and
will lead to discrimination within the organisation. It is essential for the top level management to
pay appropriate amounts to the effects of female employees as well as recognise them in an
appropriate way. This is also essential to motivate the female staff within the firm as and
5

maintain the productivity level. One more thing which has to be considered by the organisation is
related to maintaining appropriate environment for workplace discrimination is directly related to
decreasing the motivation of employees while performing the job. It will lead to decrease in
productivity and profitability level of different factors. This has to be considered by the firm in
order to meet the requirements. There are a number of factors which has to be covered in
accordance with the requirements so that I am organisation can maintain appropriate atmosphere
as well as take decisions accordingly. Employee discrimination and workplace discrimination is
that factor which will impact on the overall growth of employees. This will lead to high turnover
of employees and decrease performance level. this act as a major problem in front of higher level
authorities because they have to take different decisions according to it was not employed
turnover will reduce the profitability level of firm and lead to changes in organisational
functions. This is also essential for the firm to meet the requirements by utilising the resources
and managing a function appropriately. There are different factors which have to be cover in
need to the organisational functions in relation to workplace discrimination. It is also identified
that form has to use an appropriate system which will increase the motivation and meet the
requirements of employees in regards to organisation functions.
According to (Cavanagh, 2017), It is identified that there are a number of factors which has
to be included by the organisation to be the requirements of the current business environment for
staff there are various factors which has to be covered according to the requirements. Apple is
using different factors which help in beating the workplace discrimination concept as well as
utilising various resources. The higher authorities with an apple of performing appropriate
training and development programmes which can be used to meet the requirements of the firm as
well as perform the function in an appropriate way. In higher authorities of organisation is also
focusing on building strict rules and regulations in regards to workplace discrimination. The
strict rules and regulation help in reducing the charges of workplace discrimination as well as
both the organisation and functioning according to the requirements for staff is also help in
managing various features and utilising the resources according to the requirements so that
manager can achieve better results and perform the function in appropriate way. This also
provide higher authority to the functioning staff where they can easily use different strategies to
retain the talented employees and reduce the chances of workplace discrimination for staff this
act as a benefit for the firm to beat the performance standards and achieve better results were
6

working according to the requirements for staff there are various factors which has to be covered
within this which are related to the engaging the workforce and meeting the performance
standards.
Strategies adopted by managers of Apple Inc. to decline workplace discrimination within the
organisation
According to the viewpoint of (Gupta and Sharma, 2016), there are various strategies
which can be used by the company in order to reduce the workplace discrimination as well as
improve the functions. The major strategy which can be followed by the organisation is related to
focusing on diversity for staff meeting the requirements of different cultures as well as using
which belongs to different culture race and background within the organisation. Here Apple can
easily deliver the equal opportunities to the staff member as well as improve the function by
shortening the discrimination. Strategy which can be adopted according to the author is related to
providing training and development for effective strategy which can be adopted by and order to
reducing the workplace discrimination for staff this is because it helps in understanding the
appropriate examples which help in creating idea in the mind of employees. By using appropriate
training and development program related to discrimination deduction will help in dieting the
employees as well as management staff to perform the functions according to the requirement.
This helps in reducing the discrimination at workplace as well as increased the animals to
perform the function in effective manner .
One more strategy which can be adopted by the organisation to improve the function is
related to following appropriate process policy and procedure. It is a crucial strategy which can
be used to educate the staff members and driving the policies according to the requirements of
workplace discrimination for staff help in managing individuals and implementing the function
according to the requirement. There is continuous improvement within the organisational
functions as well as help the management within Apple to meet the requirements of reduction in
discrimination.
7

METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION
Research methodology is determined as important section related to project of research in
which investigate focuses on choosing approach related to investigation, data collection as well
as sampling and many more.
Type of Investigation
Qualitative as well as quantitative are determined as a two different kind of Investigation
that is determined by researcher for conducting research in an appropriate manner (Haddon,
2018). Qualitative research emphasised on feeling, opinion as well as understanding concept in
an appropriate manner. In addition to this, quantitative research emphasis on assessing numerical
data where investigated focuses on adopting favourable outcome in future period of time. In
addition to this, in present assignment, quantitative research is taken into account in order to
conduct or organise appropriate investigation that help in achieving goals as well as objective in
timely manner. To assess influence of discrimination related to workforce on productivity as well
as performance of subordinate related to Apple Inc. (Kruse, 2018).
Research philosophy
Herein, it has been assess that belief related to phenomenon where information that is
gathered assessed as well as interpreted and many more. Positivism as well as interpretivitism is
considered as a useful resource which is determined by a researcher during the period of time.
Apart from this, this research assignment to set focuses on using positivism research in order to
collect important information regarding research in an appropriate manner. This approach has
been analysed that inductive as well as deductive are determined as an appropriate approach that
is determined by research such as researcher focuses on collect or gather important information.
In present time, investigator focuses on topic of research and researcher determine deductive
approach related to research that involve procedure related to collecting data and based on
conclusion that is depend upon fact as well as truth, values. Apart from this, deductive approach
is determined as a resource that helps in offering logical outcomes by using observation to
focuses on value related to truth (Jammaers, Zanoni and Hardonk, 2016).
Data collection it signifies collecting information from different sources in order to
clarify issues in an appropriate manner. In addition to this, it is important for a researcher to use
tool to follow appropriate strategy for collecting data in order to provide appropriate information
8

for them. Therefore, for further research is used such as primary as well as secondary source in
order to collect data during particular phase of time period. In addition to this, it aids assistance
in collecting important information in order to conduct different task in an appropriate manner.
Secondary data is also assist in providing examination related to subject of research for
completing research in an appropriate manner. Herein, the research focuses on performing
different task in an appropriate manner during particular phase of time period (Jabeen, 2018).
Sampling it is determined as a method that is depending upon strategy for instance
probabilistic as well as non-probabilistic testing. In this examination, probabilistic testing
focuses on assessing investigator in which they focus on using random sampling methodology in
order to provide opportunity to chosen organisation to share their opinions with investigator.
Therefore, there are 40 individual person are selected for representative of business association.
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Questionnaire
Questionnaire
Q1) Explain workplace discrimination?
a) Yes
b) No
Q2) Depending on knowledge, if you think if discrimination within workplace impose
direct effect on performance level as well as productivity of subordinates?
a) Yes
b) No
Q3) What is determined as primal reason which is arise in discrimination related to
workplace?
a) Gender
b) Culture
c) Colour
d) Age
Q4) According to thoughts, how equality will be improved by Apple Inc. In order to
eliminate workplace discrimination?
a) Through providing training session to its subordinates
9

b) Through improving appropriate discrimination connected to policy
c) Through providing motivational speech in context with equality
Q5) Explain, if discrimination related to workplace which imposes direct effect on
productivity of subordinates of Apple Inc.?
a) Yes
b) No
Q6) Explain if Apple Inc. has improved an appropriate discrimination related to
workplace?
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Disagree
d) Strongly disagree
Q7) Define challenges adopted by Apple Inc. While improving an important
discrimination related to workplace policy?
a) Opposition to change
b) Consideration related to values as well as cultures obey by subordinates
c) Being proactive as well as making updates
Q8) Explain the advantages which can be adopted by that Apple Inc. of implementing
appropriate discrimination connected to policy?
a) Reduction in turnover ratio of staff member
b) Improvement of favourable relation between staff
c) Boosting morale of staff member
Q9) Explain if abolition of workplace discrimination within company that helps in
sustaining talents within organisation?
a) Yes
b) No
Q10) Any suggestions that helps in looking forward Apple Inc. to increase equality within
business organisation?
Frequency Table
Q1) Explain workplace discrimination? Frequency
10

a) Yes 35
b) No 5
Q2) Depending on knowledge, if you think if discrimination within
workplace impose direct effect on performance level as well as productivity
of subordinates?
Frequency
a) Yes 37
b) No 3
Q3) What is determined as primal reason which is arise in discrimination
related to workplace?
Frequency
a) Gender 12
b) Culture 10
c) Colour 8
d) Age 10
Q4) According to thoughts, how equality will be improved by Apple Inc. In
order to eliminate workplace discrimination?
Frequency
a) Through providing training session to its subordinates 20
b) Through improving appropriate discrimination connected to policy 10
c) Through providing motivational speech in context with equality 10
Q5) Explain, if discrimination related to workplace which imposes direct
effect on productivity of subordinates of Apple Inc.?
Frequency
a) Yes 30
b) No 10
Q6) Explain if Apple Inc. has improved an appropriate discrimination
related to workplace?
Frequency
a) Strongly agree 10
b) Agree 10
11

c) Disagree 10
d) Strongly disagree 10
Q7) Define challenges adopted by Apple Inc. While improving an
important discrimination related to workplace policy?
Frequency
a) Opposition to change 25
b) Consideration related to values as well as cultures obey by subordinates 10
c) Being proactive as well as making updates 5
Q8) Explain the advantages which can be adopted by that Apple Inc. of
implementing appropriate discrimination connected to policy?
Frequency
a) Reduction in turnover ratio of staff member 20
b) Improvement of favourable relation between staff 10
c) Boosting morale of staff member 10
Q9) Explain if abolition of workplace discrimination within company that
helps in sustaining talents within organisation?
Frequency
a) Yes 25
b) No 15
Thematic Analysis
Theme 1: Explain workplace discrimination
Q1) Explain workplace discrimination? Frequency
a) Yes 35
b) No 5
12

Interpretations: On the basis of above given graph, it has been analysed that there are 35
respondents who have a knowledge regarding workplace discrimination. In addition to this, there
are only 5 individual people who do not have a knowledge regarding discrimination within
workplace.
Theme 2: workplace discrimination may affect performance level and productivity of staff
members
Q2) Based on your knowledge, do you think if workplace discrimination
may affect performance level and productivity of staff members?
Frequency
a) Yes 37
b) No 3
Interpretations: On the basis of above given graph, it has been analysed that 37
individual person have information regarding discrimination in workflow that imposes negative
13

effect on level of performance of subordinating during particular phase of time period. In
addition to this, there are 3 individual people who don't have any idea regarding workplace.
Theme 3: primal reason which is arising in discrimination related to workplace
Q3) What is determined as primal reason which is arise in discrimination
related to workplace?
Frequency
a) Gender 12
b) Culture 10
c) Colour 8
d) Age 10
Interpretations: On the basis of given graph, it has been analysed that there are 12
respondents who agrees regarding gender. There are 10 individual person focuses on supporting
culture and 8 individual people focuses on favouring colour and last 10 individual person focuses
on age.
Theme 4: Equality can be promoted by Apple Inc. to reduce workplace discrimination
Q4) As per your own thoughts, how equality can be promoted by Apple
Inc. to reduce workplace discrimination?
Frequency
a) Through delivering training to staff 20
b) Through developing an effective discrimination related policy 10
14

c) Through delivering motivational speech in relation with equality 10
Interpretations: On the basis of above given graph, it has been analysed that there are 20
respondents who are agrees regarding training. There are 10 individual person to improve the
policy that help in reducing or eliminating discrimination within workplace and the rest 10
respondent focuses on delivering motivational speech in context of equality.
Theme 5: Discrimination related to workplace which imposes direct effect on productivity
of subordinates of Apple Inc.
Q5) Explain, if discrimination related to workplace which imposes direct
effect on productivity of subordinates of Apple Inc.?
Frequency
a) Yes 30
b) No 10
15

Interpretations: On the basis of above given graph, it has been assess that they focuses
on there are 30 respondent to focus on increasing productivity level of subordinate related to
Apple company. In addition to this, there are 10 individual people focuses on discrimination that
do not impact or effect on productivity level of a staff member.
Theme 6: Apple Inc. has improved an appropriate discrimination related to workplace?
Q6) Explain if Apple Inc. has improved an appropriate discrimination
related to workplace?
Frequency
a) Strongly agree 10
b) Agree 10
c) Disagree 10
d) Strongly disagree 10
Interpretations: On the basis of given graph, it has been assess that there are 10
individual person who focuses on Apple company have improved appropriate policies in context
of workplace discrimination. In addition to this, there are 10 employees who agree regarding an
improved or appropriate discrimination that is connected to workplace. There are 10 subordinate
disagreed regarding the policies which is adopted by apple. In addition to this, there are 10
people who disagreed regarding the same.
Theme 7: Challenges adopted by Apple Inc. While improving an important discrimination
related to workplace policy
Q7) Define challenges adopted by Apple Inc. While improving an Frequency
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important discrimination related to workplace policy?
a) Opposition to change 25
b) Consideration related to values as well as cultures obey by subordinates 10
c) Being proactive as well as making updates 5
Interpretations: On the basis of given graph, it has been analysed as there are 25
respondents who agrees with opposition to change is determined as a challenge which is faced by
the organisation. In addition to this, there are 10 subordinate to focus on considering values and
culture which is followed by subordinate that is determined as a major challenges by
Organisation. In addition to this, there are 5 respondent focuses on being protected as well as
making update is determined as a major challenge which is faced by company.
Theme 8: Advantages which can be adopted by that Apple Inc. of implementing
appropriate discrimination connected to policy?
Q8) Explain the advantages which can be adopted by that Apple Inc. of
implementing appropriate discrimination connected to policy?
Frequency
a) Reduction in turnover ratio of staff member 20
b) Improvement of favourable relation between staff 10
c) Boosting morale of staff member 10
17

Interpretations: On given information, it has been analysed that there are 20 individual
people who focuses on reducing higher rate of turnover rate of subordinate. In addition to this,
there is 10 person focuses on improvement of an appropriate relation with staff. In addition to
this, there are 10 respondents who focus on boosting morale of staff members during particular
phase of time period.
Theme 9: Abolition of workplace discrimination within company that helps in sustaining
talents within organisation?
Q9) Explain if abolition of workplace discrimination within company that
helps in sustaining talents within organisation?
Frequency
a) Yes 25
b) No 15
18

Interpretations: On the basis of given graphical representation, there are 25 respondents
who focuses on elimination related to discrimination within workplace of organisation and
necessary to retain talent within company. In addition to this, there are 15 respondent neglected
with this.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
On the basis of given assignment, it has been assess that improving policy in context of
workplace discrimination help in promoting equality that assist organisation in increasing
opportunity for staff member that reduces the chances related to decrease in productivity level of
subordinates. In addition to this, it has been assess that it is important for business organisations
to provide fair treatment to its subordinate in order to decrease chances related to decrease in
conflict within business organisation during particular phase of time period.
Recommendation
From the examined report, it has been stated that it is crucial to be aware about concept of
equality and diversity so that mutual cooperation and coordination is being developed within the
business organisation. This report gives brief information about how equality and diversity can
impact upon enterprise and their overall organisation structure. In context of selected
organisation, it is necessary for them to focus on their weak and strong areas so that everything is
carried out in proper manner. So, few recommendations have been further explained below-
In this legislative, law, rule combined market structure it is important for every enterprise to
promote equality and diversity at larger scale so that it help in engaging with target audience as
well less employees.
19

Another recommendation to Apple is that they need to provide equal opportunities to
both men as well as women so that moral of both increases at higher scale.
Moreover, it is also recommended to chosen an enterprise is that proper decision making is due
to be carried out whenever inequality is being faced by respective subordinates.
Manager of company should have an appropriate knowledge about internal analysis of workplace
so that it is easier to determine whether equality has been properly followed or not.
It is also recommended to Apple that they need to update their management structure so that men
and women both can participate in every activity of company and which also used to improving
diversity at workplace
REFLECTION AND ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
REFLECTION
This report has invested in me at larger scale because it gives me an opportunity to explore
my knowledge and skills at wider level. Moreover why properly analysing of literature, review,
research methods, data analysis it helped me out in in developing my research and analytical
skills. It was a great opportunity for me to put my critical thinking skills into this research which
also helped me out in understanding of concept which is equality and diversity. During this
research I also faced many problems such as it was difficult for me to gain reliable information
regarding equality and diversity because of different perceptions and thinking of individuals at
workplace. Also I examine that change behaviour of a particular person has a deep impact on
both on diversity as well as equality. For further analysis, I prepared on the basis of which
interpretation was done on the given concept. Moreover it was also analysed by me that it is
essential for me too access and understand the value of equality because it is not possible for
organisation to work in effective manner without engaging with employees and understanding
their point of view. During this research, I improve my vast knowledge which is beneficial for
me in achieving my future goals and development. Carrying out the research is not an easy task
and which require a deep level of focus as well as expertise without which it is not possible for
an individual to implement or initiate a research on a particular subject. So, appropriate
credentials are needed to be adopted so that reliable and effective output is achieved.
20

ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In assistance of this, interview is conducted by research such as alternative methodology in
an appropriate way in order to gather primary data which leads to involve open ended as well as
close ended questions which is asked from selected respondents. Thus, it will assists in
increasing chances related to accomplishing positive outcomes in future period of time.
21

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