Role of Leadership in Sustaining Healthcare Workforce in COVID-19 Pandemic

This study investigates the role played by leaders in sustaining the healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the key elements of leadership in healthcare, the challenges faced by healthcare leaders, and the contributions of leadership in providing healthcare services during the pandemic. The study is based on the analysis of the British Medical Association and uses quantitative research methods. The findings of the research provide valuable insights into the role of leadership in managing the healthcare workforce in pandemic situations.

Date submitted:
Word Count:5949
Module name: Evidence-based and Evidence-informed leadership practice
name: An investigation into the role played by leadership for sustaining
healthcare workforce in pandemic situation i.e COVID 19
Declaration: I certify that I have read and understood the University Regulations
relating to plagiarism. All the material in this assignment is my own work, except where I
have indicated with appropriate references
1

Abstract
The present study initiates to determine the role which is played by the leaders to
sustaining healthcare workforce in pandemic of COVID 19. Therefore, the scope of this
study is wide as it is imperative in exploring individual skills and knowledge in relation to
a specified area. COVID 19 is a major health issue which has wider impact over the
entire world and influence human health. However, in the pandemic of COVID 19 world
has facing a lot challenges due to economic crises and also affecting the health of
people at global level. In the situation of COVID 19, leadership plays an effective role in
providing suitable assistance to the individual to providing them appropriate health
benefits to get over from the issue of Corona virus. Leadership mainly defined to the
procedure of motivating and affecting individual towards attainment of business
objectives. Leadership in health care is affirmative in the manner of determining the
behaviour of individual and aid individual in the manner of directing towards provide
health benefits to others. However, in the pandemic of COVID 19 leadership plays an
important role in the growth and success of the business via rendering them suitable
assistance in relation to providing appropriate health benefits to the people who are
needy or suffering from the issue of COVID 19. In this present study the analysis is
based over British Medical Association, therefore, it is a professional association and
registered trade union for doctors in the United Kingdom. The company association was
founded in the year of 1832 and the base office of the association within BMA House,
Tavistock Square, London. In this present analysis the quantitative research is being
applied by the researcher, thus it is most effective tool to execute descriptive analysis
which provides suitable information. In addition to this, both primary and secondary
sources are applied by the researcher as these two are imperative in assisting the entire
project in the right manner to generate valuable outcome. However, primary research is
mainly executed through developing questionnaire which covers the aim and objectives
of the project and this is also valuable in accumulation of first hand information. On the
contrary, secondary sources like books, journals, articles and published sources are
valuable in developing theoretical perspective which helps in providing literature to
enhance individual ability in relation to a specific area. Conclusion and
recommendations are drawn over the findings of the research, thus conclusion has

been developed to providing suitable summary about the project outcome and
recommendation helps in making suitable suggestions which are imperative in the
context of business success.
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Contents
1Comments on any unusual/mitigating circumstances:...................................................................1
Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................2
Title of the Research .......................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................5
1Overview of the Research ........................................................................................................5
2Rationale of Research...............................................................................................................6
3Aims and objectives..................................................................................................................6
6Research Hypothesis - .............................................................................................................7
7to maintain focus...a hypothesis is a supposition or an explanation made on the basis of
limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation......................................................7
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................8
8Key elements of leadership within healthcare..........................................................................8
9Role of leadership in context of healthcare organization..........................................................9
10Contribution of leadership for sustaining healthcare workforce during COVID 19...............9
11Challenges faced by healthcare leadership in sustaining of healthcare workforce during
pandemic situation....................................................................................................................10
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................11
2DATA ANALYSIS......................................................................................................................15
3Feasibility Study- Resources and budgetary considerations........................................................23
4Impact .........................................................................................................................................24
5Conclusion and Recommendations .............................................................................................24
9REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................26

Title of the Research
An investigation into the role played by leaders to sustaining healthcare workforce in
pandemic i.e. COVID 19.
INTRODUCTION
Overview of the Research
Leadership within healthcare is among an important component that can lead a
company to successful and effective outcomes. The necessary positive association
among better leadership styles and also high patient satisfaction level and also
minimize adverse impact. An effective leadership directly impact on minimizing mortality
rate through sustaining, inspiring and also supporting the experienced staff. The corona
virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become one of the central health crises
of a generation. Therefore, the pandemic has influenced individual of all nations,
continents, races, and socio-economic groups. The responses needed, likewise
quarantining of entire communities, closing of schools, social isolation, and shelter-in-
place orders, have abruptly changed individual’s daily life. However, health care
professionals of all sorts are caring for patients with this disease. The rapid spread of
COVID-19 and the severity of symptoms it can cause in a segment of infected people
have intensely taxed the restrictions of health care systems (Adalja, Toner and Inglesby,
2020). Although the significant shortage of ventilators and intensive care unit beds
essential to care for the surge of decisively ill patients has been well described,
additional supplies and beds will not be helpful unless there is an adequate workforce.
Assisting appropriate health care employees in this crisis needed not only an
appropriate number of physicians, nurses, advanced practice clinicians, pharmacists,
respiratory therapists, and other clinicians, but also developing the potential of each
clinician to care for a high volume of patients. Therefore, leadership in the term of
healthcare plays effective role in providing suitable guidance to the business in
managing resources to render effective health care facilities to the others. Leadership
initiatives are connected with improvements in patients care or organizational outcome
when followed with the healthcare setting. Leadership is essential part of healthcare
because it supports an organization in sustaining of workforce in any kind of situation.
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COVID 19 is a pandemic situation that highly impacts on workforce. As the corona virus
situation rise, there continues to be a huge amount of physical and mental pressure on
the healthcare workforce (Adams and Walls, 2020).
Rationale of Research
The rationale to conduct present investigation is to determine the main role of the
leader in healthcare. COVID-19 is central issue and in this it is necessary to provide
better healthcare services to patients. This research mainly conducted because through
this, the main role of leader can be determined and the issues faced by the leaders in
context to healthcare. On the other hand, through conducting this investigation, the
researcher can enhance greater understanding as well as the research skills (Binnicker,
2020).
Aims and objectives
Research Aim:
Main aim of this research is “To identify the role of leadership in sustaining of
healthcare workforce during pandemic situation i.e. COVID 19. A study on British
Medical Association
Research Objectives:
● To explore key elements of leadership within healthcare.
● To determine the role of leadership in context of healthcare organisation.
● To identify the contribution of leadership for sustaining healthcare workforce
during COVID 19.● To analyse the challenges faced by healthcare leadership in sustaining of
healthcare workforce during pandemic situation.
Research Questions
● What are the key elements necessary as a leader to manage a healthcare crisis?
● What is the main role of leadership in healthcare?

● What are major contributions of leadership in sustaining of healthcare workforce
during the COVID 19 situation?
● What are the major challenges that will be faced by leadership while sustaining
healthcare workforce in pandemic situation?
Research Hypothesis -
Hypothesis 1:
● Null hypothesis μ = Confidence is the key elements that will be necessary as a
leader to manage a healthcare crisis● Alternative hypothesis μ ≠ Confidence is the key elements that will be necessary
as a leader to manage a healthcare crisis
Hypothesis 2:
● Null hypothesis μ = Hand hygiene and surface decontamination is a main
contributions of leadership in sustaining of healthcare workforce during the
COVID 19 situation.
Hypothesis 4:
● Null hypothesis μ = Protecting of health workers from Corona virus is major
challenge faced by leaders while sustaining healthcare workforce in pandemic
situation.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Key elements of leadership within healthcare
Abdulaziz Al- Sawai (2020) stated that Leadership is explained as behavior of a
person when directing group activities, main aspects of leadership role consists
influencing the group related activities as well as coping with the change. In context to
the healthcare, effective leadership through healthcare professionals is necessary in
healthcare setting. Delivery of the clinical care depends on the careful investigation to
identify effective way of giving care for the patients. The leadership makes difference
among effective team and team which struggle or even fail to meet with the objectives.
Being leader in healthcare sector taken unique skill set. Through working to make
improvement the skill, leader can help team to become efficient. In context to
healthcare, the leaders needs the business competencies, interpersonal and clinical
skills to leader the firms successfully. There are some of the key elements of leadership
in healthcare mention below:
Communication- It is based on how many of people have in team and also their
particular responsibilities which require to be handle. It is necessary for a leader to find
effective ways and assure that every one should stay on same page. In context of
communication, if member of team is more struggling with certain task then it is
necessary to take time that assists team members on their abilities. The positive
communication needs that they have command over the technology (Chan and et. al.,
2020).
Develop positive working culture- In this, successful leaders should develop
the better culture of organization by their expectations, behavior and words. The culture
is of high quality, care of patient is values, use of the resources effectively, expectation
for the community service. Develop the positive working environment is helpful in
motivate the employees and they can able to provide the better health care related
services to patients.
Strategic decision making- Successful leader should handle the different
decisions on daily basis which could influence on staff members. For an example,
solving issues of employees with own teams without the escalating issues that

demonstrates ability of leader to strategic decision maker. It is necessary element for
the healthcare leaders because they have navigate high consequence sector (Chen
and Huang, 2020).
Role of leadership in context of healthcare organization
On the basis of Robin D.C.Kumar leadership role consists influencing the group
activities as well as coping with the change. Complexity when considering the
leadership in context to health care is that the most of theories were not to be
developed within healthcare were created for business and after then it applied to the
healthcare. The leadership initiatives are related with the improvement in the patient
care or the organizational outcomes when they are applied in healthcare setting. In
context to this, conflict management is main role of a leader in healthcare. The conflict
can be pervasive force as the gaps in communication create and potentiated. Common
sources of the conflict is identifies as individualistic behavior, organizational structure,
inter- group conflicts and poor communication. The conflict mainly develop the latent
issues and can be progress to perceived conflict. In order to resolve the conflict, a
leader can employ the strategies for an instance avoidance, collaboration, mediation,
communication and compromise in order to resolve conflict (Chopra and et. al., 2020).
Other than this, leaders determine uncertainty and also anxiety people are more
experiencing. It is necessary when the leaders are taking the decision that arise the
stress to people like minimizing working hours, business closure etc. It is necessary that
leader should make this clear that there is path to good future and let the people to
know about their contribution. Giving the particular steps person can take will assist
them for managing stress and develop hopefulness. The better leadership related to
healthcare professionals is necessary for strengthening the quality as well as care
integration. In this, main aspect of role of leadership consist impacting group related
activities and also coping with the change. Mainly the leaders are responsible for
assuring the safe care deliver so they should be intimately familiar with safety protocols
and standards of medical healthcare facility and profession. They are mainly expected
to be supervise the members of leadership team in order to guarantee that all the
patience can receive the safe care. Other than this, better clinical leadership skills
empower the leaders while providing with abilities and skills to direct as well as support
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the healthcare teams and patients. This improve care to delivered to the patients that
turn to make improvement in the patient outcomes.
Contribution of leadership for sustaining healthcare workforce during COVID 19
On the basis of CHRISTOPHER CHENEY (2020), Healthcare professionals are
under resourced and also exhausted. They are mainly struggling to handle the
intensifying the patient loads as well as death rates. Coronavirus is uphill and long battle
with end that is visible on horizon. On the basis of survey conducted, it has been stated
that 47% of healthcare workers are agree with that employer has to be communicated
clear action plan for the COVID-19 (Curtis, Kross and Stapleton, 2020). 36% healthcare
workers said that they are confident that they are safe and follow health policies of
company. Other than this, there are some effective measures taken through leadership
for retaining the healthcare workforce during COVID 19:
Infection prevention- The protective gear is necessary to prevent the healthcare
worker from infection when they are treating the patients of COVID-19. Use of the
personal protective equipment consisting gloves, gown and N95 respirator plus face
shield (Daodu and et. al., 2020).
Emergency department protocols- The emergency department are on front
line of Coronavirus pandemic and the crowding is main concern for the individual to
individual contact between patients with the respiratory symptoms.
Hand hygiene and surface decontamination- The hand hygiene is necessary
for the healthcare workers at the COVID-19 pandemic. The healthcare employees
should focus on the hand hygiene and also neglecting the contaminating work spaces.
In context to this, COVID-19 has been shown to the live on surface so it is necessary for
the healthcare employees to disinfect the workspaces as well as personal items like
keyboards and cellphones (Domínguez and et. al., 2020). It is sensible for the
environmental services employees to enhance frequency of the cleaning the touches
the surfaces like countertops, elevator buttons, light switches etc.
Healthcare worker precautions- With spread of the COVID-19, health workers
are at the exposure of high risk to virus. The healthcare employees should be self
monitor, not engage in the patient care and also sign of the illness wile exhibiting the
infectious symptoms (Everett and et. al., 2020).

Challenges faced by healthcare leadership in sustaining of healthcare workforce during
pandemic situation
Stephan Ross (2020) stated that no person is immune from many stressors
which being caused through COVID-19. It is symptom of interdependent and
interconnected world with healthcare system and related supply chain that bearing the
acute pain from indiscriminate spread. The healthcare leaders face the uncertainty
regarding the funds in context to healthcare and also capability to retain the workforce.
In situation of the COVID-19, healthcare leader face the issue about retaining the
healthcare workforce in the pandemic situation. The safety of the workers is main
priority for the healthcare professionals (Hirpara and Taylor, 2020). One of the main
challenge that faced through the leaders in COVID- 19 situation is protecting the health
of workers from the COVID-19.When they give the treatment to coronavirus diseased
person then there is a chance infection to healthcare workers and to save from this,
they leave job or not to sustain. Job security is also a challenge because in pandemic
situation, organizations face the heavy loss and they are not able to pay the proper
salary to healthcare workers. This reduces the motivation of workers as to work
effectively (KIT, 2020). Other than this, COVID-19 presents complex situation, needing
many stakeholders in healthcare industry to work together in a better manner. Many of
the healthcare employees are experiencing the high stress level and also making the
personal sacrifices in order to care for the patients with COVID-19. In regards to this,
leadership in healthcare should be focus on the employee engagement and also
fostering meaningful relationship among staff. They should be assist the
acknowledgment of staff and also deal with trauma which many be experiencing. In this
industry, leaders required to show the empathy. They should assist the
acknowledgment of staff and also deal with trauma which they are may be experiencing.
On the other hand, leadership approaches and decision-making through healthcare
leaders were mainly considered effectively for attaining the healthcare objectives in
hospitals. Surge in the COVID-19 infections and patients admission has been
overwhelmed all the professional staff as well as support at the healthcare facilities
across country. This is necessary that leaders in healthcare facilities give required
support structures for the front line employees.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is identifies as effective way to collecting as well as
analyzing data from the different sources philosophies, approaches, analysis tools and
others. In conducting the present investigation, there has been research onion used
through an investigator in order to gathering the accurate data and information related
to specific subject area. The research onion consists different layers for an instance
research philosophy, research approaches, research choice, research strategy, and
time horizon, methods of data collection, sampling and analysis tool. These all are the
necessary layers for a research in achieving the objectives related to this study. The
various layers considered in research onion are explained in detailed manner:
Research aim and objectives
Research Aim:
Main aim of this research is “To identify the role of leadership in sustaining of
healthcare workforce during pandemic situation i.e. COVID 19. A study on British
Medical Association
Research Objectives:
● To explore key elements of leadership within healthcare.
● To determine the role of leadership in context of healthcare organisation.
● To identify the contribution of leadership for sustaining healthcare workforce
during COVID 19.● To analyse the challenges faced by healthcare leadership in sustaining of
healthcare workforce during pandemic situation.
Study design and development:
Research design is important part of research methodology because it helps
investigator in identification of research issue. There are basically three type of research
design including exploratory, experimental and descriptive. All these are essential but
according to the current project descriptive type of research design is useful and

suitable. Main purpose of developing descriptive research design for this project is it
facilitates in identification of research issue and also helps in collecting and analyzing of
quantitative data about the contribution of leadership for sustaining healthcare
workforce during COVID 19 (Chan and et. al., 2020).
Study population:
This will be is a part of sampling that is essential in selection of respondents
according to the research topic. There are two types of sampling such as probability and
non-probability. Both types are important but for conducting present investigation over
the role of leadership in staff retention, probability sampling will be applied. 30 workforce
of healthcare i.e. British Medical Association will be selected randomly under probability
sampling. Inclusion criteria in sampling are the healthcare workers such as staff, nurses,
leader etc. Exclusion criteria is sampling are doctors, manages etc. Therefore simple
random sampling is useful for researcher in identifying of inclusion and exclusion criteria
and selection of respondents (Curtis, Kross and Stapleton, 2020).
Data management:
Management of information is important for completing of full research project
systematically. Data management includes data collection storage and analysis. In
order to collect information about the current project, both primary and secondary
methods of data collection will be used. In order to gather secondary data, number of
useful sources has been used for literature review. These sources are books,
magazines, journals etc. Along with this, questionnaire will be applied for gathering
primary information from selected 30 respondents. Therefore, primary and secondary
methods of data collection are useful for researcher in data management. In order to
store data, there are different methods that will be used by researcher. These are hard
disk drives (HDDs), solid-state storage, optical storage and tape. This research project
is based on quantitative data and for evaluating or analysing such type of data,
frequency distribution analysis has been adopted as an analytical tool. In this tool,
researcher will require in making of frequency distribution table and then distributing
entire table in single table as per the research questions. Therefore these are important
part of managing information or data collected for current project (Daodu and et. al.,
2020). In order to gather primary and quantitative data, there will be requirement for
13

using questionnaire. It is a tool of primary data collection that will helps researcher in
gathering of reliable and valid data about the topic. Questionnaire and frequency
distribution table will be shown as below that support researcher in making of
dissertation. Management of information is important and useful for researcher in
gaining of valid and appropriate outcomes effectively. Questionnaire and frequency
distribution table will be shown as below:

QUESTIONNAIRE
Q1) What are the key elements necessary as a leader to manage a healthcare
crisis?
a) Strategic Decision-Making
b) Communication
c) Develop positive working environment
d) Customer first oriented
Q2) What is the main role of leader in context to the healthcare?
a) Influencing group activities
b) Coping with change
c) Improvements in patient care
Q3) Which leadership style can be adopted in managing the COVID-19 situation?
a) Transactional Leadership
b) Charismatic Leadership
c) Transformational Leadership
d) Servant Leadership
Q4) What are the major contributions of leadership in sustaining of healthcare
workforce during the COVID 19 situations?
a) Infection prevention
b) Emergency department protocols
c) Hand hygiene
d) Healthcare worker precautions
Q5) What are the necessary skills leadership should have for managing the team
members and providing better healthcare services?
a) Empathy
b) Self-Awareness
c) Conflict management
d) Ability to delegate tasks
Q6) What is the role of leadership in development of key cultural elements?
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a) Direction
b) Commitment
c) Alignment
Q7) What are the different types of cultural elements requires a leadership
within health care?
a) Clear objectives
b) People management and staff engagement
c) Team working
d) Learning and quality improvement
Q8) How leaders can increase trust and reduce stress during COVID-19
pandemic situation?
a) Share information with empathy
b) Use credibility to build trust
c) Be honest and transparent
d) Provide regular communications
Q9) What are the main leadership principles used to deal with the COVID-19
situation?
a) Confidence
b) Communication
c) Collaboration
Q10) What are the major challenges faced by leadership while sustaining
healthcare workforce in pandemic situation?
a) Protecting of health workers
b) Team engagement while working remotely
c) Job security
Frequency distribution table
Q1) What are the key elements necessary as a leader to
manage a healthcare crisis?
Frequency
a) Strategic Decision-Making 10

b) Communication 8
c) Develop positive working environment 3
d) Customer first oriented 9
Q2) What is the main role of leader in context to the
healthcare?
Frequency
a) Influencing group activities 10
b) Coping with change 10
c) Improvements in patient care 10
Q3) Which leadership style can be adopted in managing the
COVID-19 situation?
Frequency
a) Transactional Leadership 15
b) Charismatic Leadership 5
c) Transformational Leadership 5
d) Servant Leadership 5
Q4) What are the major contributions of leadership in
sustaining of healthcare workforce during the COVID 19
situation?
Frequency
a) Infection prevention 6
b) Emergency department protocols 10
c) Hand hygiene 8
d) Healthcare worker precautions 6
Q5) What are the necessary skills leadership should have for
managing the team members and providing better healthcare
services?
Frequency
a) Empathy 8
b) Self-Awareness 2
c) Conflict management 10
d) Ability to delegate tasks 10
Q6) What is the role of leadership in development of key
cultural elements?
Frequency
a) Direction 15
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b) Commitment 12
c) Alignment 3
Q7) What are the different types of cultural elements requires a
leadership within health care?
Frequency
a) Clear objectives 10
b) People management and staff engagement 10
c) Team working 5
d) Learning and quality improvement 5
Q8) How leaders can increase trust and reduce stress during
COVID-19 pandemic situation?
Frequency
a) Share information with empathy 12
b) Use credibility to build trust 5
c) Be honest and transparent 10
d) Provide regular communications 3
Q9) What are the main leadership principles used to deal with
the COVID-19 situation?
Frequency
a) Confidence 10
b) Communication 10
c) Collaboration 10
Q10) What are the major challenges faced by leadership while
sustaining healthcare workforce in pandemic situation?
Frequency
a) Protecting of health workers 10
b) Team engagement while working remotely 10
c) Job security 10
Research philosophy:
It is necessary for gathering as well as examining data in the quantitative as well
as qualitative method. The research philosophies are of two different types such as
interpretivism and positivism. In performing present investigation, there has been
positivism research philosophy used as this helps to an investigator in collecting the

information from the quantitative data. It is not time consuming and expensive. There
has not interpretivism philosophy used because it is based on the qualitative method
and also take more time to collecting information (Hirpara and Taylor, 2020).
Study Limitations:
There are different limitations of this study including lack of time, inappropriate
amount of capital, unethical behavior of respondents etc. These are major limitations
that will have impact on researcher while collection of data and also completion of full
dissertation. In order to overcome these limitations, researcher will use Gantt chart for
time limitations and also follow al principles of research ethics. This supports them in
completion of each activity of project systematically and ethically (KIT, 2020).
Ethical issues and their mitigation:
There are no ethical issues to be considered or mitigated with regards to
healthcare workforce involved within the undertaking; their confidentiality and anonymity
will be preserved for the duration of the task. With regards to staff taking component
inside the awareness institution, their anonymity will be maintained all through and there
could be a tremendous, supportive and non-judgmental surroundings so that they must
be comfortable to specific their views without feeling biased. They might be fully
knowledgeable as to what the point of interest group is set and coming to the meeting
can be taken as their consent. Participation could be voluntary and the invite can be
from out of doors the organization they presently paintings in, so they don’t sense any
stress. No ethical approval is required, as participation inside the attention organization
will now not pose a moral trouble for the humans invited (McGilton and et. al., 2020).
Research Approaches-
In the research onion, it is one of the necessary layer and important for an
investigator in achieving the research objectives within given period of time. There is
deductive and inductive two different research approaches. Both the approaches are
considered as the effective approaches in order to examining the information in the
quantitative or qualitative way. As comparison to the inductive approach, deductive
approach is more useful because it is based on the quantitative method. It is helpful in
providing the specific information regarding the particular subject area. It assists
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researcher in examining the quantitative data or information in an easy manner. On the
other hand, the main reason of not using the inductive approach is that it is based on
the qualitative method that takes more resources as well as the time.
Research Choice-
There are three different methods considered in the research choice such as
mono method, multi method and mixed method. These all are the effective choice but in
order to conducting the present investigation, there has been quantitative as mono
method used. This choice helps to an investigator in gathering as well as examining the
one kind of the information that is related to the quantitative data. It is useful because
this give the numerical information within less period of time.

Feasibility Study- Resources and budgetary considerations
Feasibility study refers as an analysis that takes all factors relevant to the project.
This will helps researcher in completing of full project systematically and successfully. In
order to complete full project, there will be need for using number of resources (Rosa
and et. al., 2020). For using these resources, researcher will also require appropriate
amount of capital. Along with this, funding of this research project has been shown as
below in tabular form. These are:
Activities Fund
Collection of primary and
secondary data from number of
sources
£5000
Clinical Reference Group (5
practice, 3 meetings)
£1,188.00
Recruitment of healthcare
workforce
£10000
Marketing related activities £40000
Purchasing of inventory £5,800.00
Contingency reserve £3,000.00
Total £64988
Form the above mentioned table, it has been concluded that, for completing
research project, different number of activities will be require that also need amount of
capital. Therefore, all these activities and amount of capital will be needed in completion
of each activity of study in systematic manner. Along with this, British Medical
Association will require £64988 amount of capital for completing each activity.
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Impact
This research project has positive impact on mine while collecting and analyzing of
primary data about the role of leadership in staff retention during Covid 19. This
research helps in identification of leadership contribution within healthcare. With the
help of this research, I increased my knowledge and understanding about the
importance of staff retention in healthcare. Leadership is important part of healthcare
because it helps staff members by providing accurate guidance that turn to impact in
reducing high employee turnover and also support healthcare by improving its brand
image. Therefore, leadership within healthcare plays an important and essential role in
retaining of employees for longer time period in any type of situation. In absence of
leadership, healthcare sector not able to reduce high employee turnover and also retain
workers for longer time.
By doing this research I improved my research skills such as literature review, data
collection, time management, data analysis and many others. All these skills supported
me in gathering of reliable and valid information as well as completion of full project
timely and effectively (Rufai and Bunce, 2020). Apart from this, by performing this
investigation, I faced certain issues such as; time provided for completing this project
was not accurate, sometimes respondents behaviour are not ethical that have negative
impact on performance. Despite of this, I followed different tools and techniques for
overcoming these issues, I used questionnaire for collecting of primary information that
helped me by reducing the issue of time. I also applied each and every principle of
research ethics that turn to impact in reduction of unethical behaviour of selected
healthcare workers and also in completion of full project ethically.
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the above mentioned findings or report, it has been concluded the leadership
within healthcare played an important role in retaining of workers during Covid 19.
Different number of key elements required by leader within healthcare. These are
strategic decision making, communication, development of positive working
environment and following of customer first oriented approach. These supported
healthcare leader in retaining of staff members. They also played various roles that

helped within healthcare including, influencing group activities, and coping with change
and Improvements in patient care. Leadership in healthcare and their full efforts such as
Infection prevention, Emergency department protocols, Hand hygiene and Healthcare
worker precautions. Therefore, leadership is important and essential in retaining of
healthcare workers in any kind of situation for example Covid 19.
From the above mention information, it has been concluded that strategic decision
making is a main element. It is necessary that leader should have the ability to take the
effective or right decision in order to managing the healthcare crisis. It is also
determined that communication is one of the necessary key elements because the
interaction among the leader and team members is necessary as they have to provide
the better healthcare services to patients. It determined that Customer first oriented
needs to be the main elements of leadership. Role of the leaders is to influencing the
group activities so that team members can be engaged and able to give the better
healthcare services to patients. Business leader should be focused toward make
improvement in care of patient. As per the mentioned data, it analyzed that transactional
leadership needs to be adopt through a leader in managing situation of COVID-19. This
style is characterized through exchanging process among followers and leaders. On the
other hand, charismatic leadership because it inspire followers to place the
organizational interest and pursue objectives. According to above collected data,
servant is main leadership styles as leader putting requirements of others before
encouraging creativity and enhancing others. It identified that infection prevention is
main leadership contribution in sustaining workforce. This helps in protect the health of
employees so that they can work well. It is necessary to maintain hand hygiene to
prevent individuals from the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Precautions to the
healthcare worker is necessary to sustaining healthcare workforce during COVID- 19
situation. It has been examined that empathy is main skill that leadership should have
for managing the team members. It is a way to create respect and from this employees
feel motivated. In regards to this, self-awareness is necessary skill and healthcare
leaders should be nimble more to devise the strategies in order to manage change.
respondents said that leader should have the ability to delegate the tasks on the basis
of abilities to team members. Direction is main leadership role in development of the
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cultural elements. Leader should provide the right direction to team members so that
they can perform in a better manner. This has been stated that alignment role of
leadership is necessary in developing cultural elements and it is necessary to have the
clear objectives is necessary. Developing culture that is focused on the high quality care
needs the leadership to assure which are challenging, clear and aligned objectives at all
levels. It has been discussed that team working is necessary contributor to the
healthcare quality. Leaders should assure that the staff in healthcare together work
across the professional boundaries in order to provide better quality care. Share the
information with empathy is helpful in enhance trust and also reduce stress in COVID-
19 situation. Leaders gain the credibility when they understand risk as well as
ramifications of situation. At the workplace, honesty and transparency should be
necessary. To enhance trust, leader should provide news in clear way. There has been
discussed that confidence is an essential leadership principle that mainly used to deal
with situation of COVID-19. Communication principle as leader have to be relentlessly
communicate. Collaboration is necessary. Engaging staff members in this manner will
give the confidence them that they can provide the better direction. On the other hand,
protecting the health of workers is main challenge as to retaining healthcare workforce.
It is necessary for the health leader to protecting heath from arising the Corona virus
situation. Team engagement while they are working remotely. Job security is a major
concern because in the pandemic situation many people lose their job.
There are recommendations for leadership within healthcare in order to retain staff
members. Leader of British Medical Association must communicate all information
clearly with their staff. This will helps them by reducing the conflict and
misunderstanding. They must also provide rewards and benefits according to the staff
performance that results in higher retention rate and improve performance. Therefore,
leader in healthcare is important factor in staff retention.

REFERENCES
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