Impact of Work-Life Balance and Flexible Working on Employee Performance
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This research project explores the impact of work-life balance and flexible working on employee performance, with a focus on Sainsbury. It examines the importance of work-life balance, the benefits of flexible working, and provides recommendations for managers to improve work-life balance and ensure flexible working for employees.
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Executive Summary To manage both life in best manner, there is a need to use work-life balance and this in turn leads to meet the define aim as well. In the same way, current study will shed a light on importance of having work- life balance which in turn leads to meet personal as well as professional interest. Hence, by applying quantitative study, scholar present results which are as mention: Key findings:As per the study they key findings reflect that there must be proper balance between the personal life and professional life and this is possible when company offer flexible working hours and extra benefits. In the same way, Sainsbury offer the same in order to let their employees motivated towards their roles and responsibilities. Study also find out that there is a direct impact of flexible working hours upon employee performance. Conclusion:Study also concluded from primary study that employees of Sainsbury are highly satisfied within the working hours and company also offer extra incentive to their employees in order to keep motivated like flexible working hours. Also, from secondary study, theories and models of work- life balance are used which reflected that by developing strategies, company improve the performance. Recommendation: Focus on productivity rather than working hours Conduct training and development session Offer incentive, monetary and non- monetary benefits.
Table of Contents Executive Summary...................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................4 LITERATURE REVIEW...........................................................................................................5 METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION.....................................................................8 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.....................................................................10 RESEARCH OUTCOMES......................................................................................................19 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................................19 Recommendation..................................................................................................................20 REFLECTION AND RECOMMENDATION........................................................................21 REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................22 Appendix..................................................................................................................................24
Topic: ““Impact of work-life balance and flexible working on performance of employees”. A Research work on Sainsbury” INTRODUCTION In the era of tough competition, every business focus upon their employees needs and for them work life balance plays an important role. It is a term which is used to manage both work as well as other aspects of life, whether it would be family related to personal interest. On the other hand to manage these aspect within a business, companies offer flexible working hours which in turn improve the employee performance. In the same way, current study is focus upon these two aspect i.e. work life balance and flexible working and how it creates direct impact upon worker’s performance. For that both primary and secondary data collection options are selected which in turn help to reach final conclusion and also meet the define aim of a project. The chosen firm for this report is Sainsbury which is one of the top MNC in UK who operates within retail sector. It is operating in more than 20 countries and that is why, have a strong workforce and also make sure that it comply with all the needs of their employees in order to sustain brand image of a company at international level. Aim:“To evaluate about the concept of Work-Life balance and Enrichment Experience along with impact of flexible working on performance of employees”. A Research work on Sainsbury. Objectives: To review about the concept of Work-Life balance and Enrichment Experience at workplace. Todeterminetheimpactleadbywork-lifebalanceandflexibleworkingon performance of employees working at Sainsbury. To evaluate various ways that could be adopted by managers of Sainsbury to lead better work-life balance and ensure flexible working for its employees. Research questions: What is meant by the concept ofWork-Life balance and Enrichment Experience and why it is vital for anorganisation?
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What impact could be seen onperformance of employees working at Sainsbury due to the better management and creation of work-life balance and flexible working? What are the possible recommended and suggested ways that could be taken up by the managers of Sainsbury to lead better work-life balance and ensure flexible working for its employees? Rationale: The rationale for conducting the research project is such that investigator have their own interest to study on this topic which in turn leads to enhance the current knowledge and also come to know about reality of business. As the current topic is based upon implication of work life balance and flexible working and how it affect the employee performance, thus it also significant for personal as well as academic purpose which in turn leads to improve lots of skills. Moreover, study on this topic will help to determine the ways through which company provide better work life balance and also ensure flexible working for their employees that will also be used in their professional career. So, it is also realized that by study on this topic will help to determine the ways through which employees are motivated in order to enhance their efficiency and the present study is vital from the professional aspects because it aid to determine the importance of work-life balance and flexible working that leads to improve overall performance of an organization. LITERATURE REVIEW Theme1:ToreviewabouttheconceptofWork-LifebalanceandEnrichment Experience at workplace. In accordance withSirgy and Lee (2018)work-life balance is all about to manage both work and other aspects of life. Thus, it is consider important within working place because it allow to separate work and home so that it do not cause any negative impact upon working performance. Thus, employee enrichment is link with overall appraisal and also assist to set balance between personal and professional life. There are many theories which associated with these concept such as:
Boundary and Border Theory:Chung and Van der Lippe (2018)reflected their views by stating that there must be a boundary between the personal and professional life which help the people to stay away from stress. Thus, the theory set a boundary and also focus on outcomes such as satisfaction of the work. It also stated that keep work and family separate makes work easier for a person and they enjoy their life as well (Boundary Theory, 2018). Compensation theory:Starmer, Frintner and Freed (2016)share their views that it is set out for better relationship within work as well as family, in which a person makes a clear bifurcation between their personal and professional life. Thus, it also describe the efforts that provide positive experience and also associated with work and family in order to make people free from stress. Thus, it is clearly stated that through work life balance, a healthy environment is developed and this in turn leads to reduce stress and also help to prevent burnout in the workplace which also improve the productivity of an employees. Theme 2: To determine the impact lead by work-life balance and flexible working on performance of employees working at Sainsbury Talukder, Vickers and Khan (2018)stated that work-life balance creates direct impact upon employee performance such thatJob satisfaction. It means when an employee learn how to manage the work, then it helps to satisfy the job. Also, through flexibility, employees are encourage to perform the work in better manner and this in turn leads to improve the productivity as well.Johari, Tan and Zulkarnain (2018)also supported that not only employees given more control, but it also leads to improve the working environment through which employees easily perform the work. Work life balance Boundary and Border Theory Compensation Theory
Boost morale and creativity within employeeis another positive impact because a proper management of work-life balance as well as flexible working leads to improve commitment level of employees. According toSchwartz and et.al., (2019)flexible working will help to improve physical and mental well-being of employees that leads to improve the performance and workers also present creativity in their working which leads to sustain the brand image at international market. Barber, Conlin and Santuzzi (2019)evaluated thatemployees are healthier and happieris another advantage of using flexible schedule. It is so because it improve the health and reduce the level of stress which motivate employee to perform well. As a result, employee turnover decreases ad absenteeism is reduce that assist to retain the qualified employees within a working place. Overall it help to make employee happy and they also put their efforts in order to attain the define aim of a company. However on critically note, it is also analyzed byLe and et.al., (2020)that with the help of flexible working schedule most of the people took negative advantage that affect the working culture and that is why, it leads to affect the results in opposite manner too. Theme 3: To evaluate various ways that could be adopted by managers of Sainsbury to lead better work-life balance and ensure flexible working for its employees Hofmann and Stokburger-Sauer (2017)presented their opinion that there are many ways through which the managers of Sainsbury lead to better work-life balance which in turn improvetheproductivityofacompanyaswell.Suchthatmanagersmustfocuson productivity rather than working hours, like them have to keep encourage employees so that they think, they are an important key element of a business and start putting efforts as well. They should involve employees in decision making process and try to get their views that leads to encourage them to start think for their company as well. On the other side, Karkoulian, Srour and Sinan (2016)they should also review the workloads so that it do not cause any negative impact upon the business and employee performance as well. Also, managers should develop strategy in order to reduce the burden of workloads such as perform activity once in a week that helps to motivate employees and as a result, they set a balance between their work life and personal time. De Menezes and Kelliher (2017)also suggested their views by stating that by offering flexible and remote working hours, employees manage their work at their own risk and also employees feel valued at company where they manage both personal and professional
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working life in better manner. Also, offering perks or another benefit is also assist to make employees understand that company think about them and that is why, it assist to improve the performance level of a company as well. METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION For research methodology, Saunder’s research Onion is used that helps to determine each and every methods with proper justification. Through this, researcher is able to determine the validity and reliability of the study which in turn leads to attain the define aim of a company. Research method:Basically there are two main methods of research i.e. qualitative, and quantitative. Under qualitative method which involves collecting and analyzing all non- numerical data that helps to understand the concepts and opinions which in turn used to gather in-depth insights into a problem to get new ideas (Fryer, Larson-Hall and Stewart, 2018). While Quantitative research is define as a systematic investigation which in used to gather numeric data and perform statistical techniques for getting best answer. Among all, quantitative study has been adopted by the scholar in order to generate the better outcome because it collect information quickly and results are accurately generated as compared to another type. Thus, with the help of this methodology, scholar also enhance the accuracy and able to present and communicate the information related to work-life balance. Research Philosophy:it is a first layer of research onion that is a notion about a way through which information is gathered and used for analyzing he study. It is also divided into four types such as Pragmatism, which help to interpret the results into many ways and also provide a broader view to present the world (Basias and Pollalis, 2018). Next is Positivism, which is relies upon the factual knowledge that gain through observation and all the results findings are observable and quantifiable. Third is Realism, which is actually relies upon the idea of independence of reality from a human mind and based upon assumption. Last is, Interpretivism that helps to interpret the key element from a human mind. Among all, Positivism research Philosophy has been adopted that makes sure that better testing has been done and all the objectives are meet with a support of quantitative study. Thus, with the help of this type, scholar analyze the things into different points and then conclude a results that assist to meet the define aim i.e. work life balance and enrichment experience with an impact of flexible schedule.
Research Approach:This is another layer of research onion and it is a plan and procedure through which researcher meet the define aim. There are two main type of research approach i.e. Deductive which is mainly concern with developing hypothesis and design the strategy in order to test the same. Next is Inductive which is deals with qualitative study and also start with an observation and theories in order to support the results (Queirós, Faria and Almeida, 2017). So, among all. Deductive approach has been used by the investigator because it helps to generate the relationship in order to get conclusion. In the present study, scholar also wants to determine the impact of work-life balance and flexible schedule upon the employee performance and that is why, this strategy is used to examine the results and also support to conduct the entire study in better manner. Research strategy:There are variety of methods which are applied used by the researcher depend upon the need such thatexperiments, Survey, case study, archival research, ethnography, etc. So among all, survey strategy has been adopted by the scholar through which scholar make use of questionnaire related to work-life balance and flexible schedule in order to make sure that relevant information is asked that assist to answer research questions (Rutberg and Bouikidis, 2018). Data collection:It is the method of gather data from different methods in order to answer questions. There are two types of data collection and these are used by the scholar. Such that under primary data collection method which is also known as first handed research in which scholar used questionnaire that consist of different questions which are asked to selected respondents in order to accomplish the define aim (Babones, 2016). On the other hand, under secondary research which is already conducted by the other researcher and thus, for literature review, this method has been used in which online form of literature, articles and books are selected that assist to meet the define aim and analyze the way through which Sainsbury uses the measures to motivate employees. Data analysis:It is the method of cleaning and modelling data that helps to discover the information that leads to make better decision. Thus, in the present study, scholar uses thematic data analysis method in which graphs, charts and tables are used to make the entire research more presentable and also interpret the views of selected sample in order to generate the views with regards to Sainsbury (Murshed and Zhang, 2016). Thus, this method also
assist to look the entire research more effective and understand the views of different sample in better manner and also conduct study in precise mode. Sampling:It is the process through which set number of observation are taken from a larger population in order to answer the research question. There are two types of sampling method such that probabilistic, in which every member of population has a chance to participate within study and non- probabilistic in which not each member have a right to involve in the study. So among all, scholar uses random sampling method in which 30 employees of Sainsbury are selected. This will help the scholar to meet the define aim and get the views of all the selected respondents. Ethical Consideration:For conducting the project in better manner, scholar should take consent from the respondents prior to conducting study and also make sure that there is no miscommunication between the scholar and respondents because it may leads to wrong results.Further,DataProtectionActmustbecompliedbecauseithelptomaintain confidentiality and this in turn leads to generate best outcomes. Proper respect and dignity should be ensured by investigator in order to conduct the research in better manner. Cost:For the current study, scholar require approx. £548 which includes human resource, technological resources, financial resources that helps to meet the define aim and also generate the best outcome. Accessibility:Scholar faces different issue regarding accessibility such that there are many sites which are access denied and this in turn leads to affect the results because consume lots of time. Thus, this is somehow affect the project in opposite manner and it is also consider as a research limitation. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Theme 1: Working of employees FrequencyPercentValid Percent More than 1 years620.020.0 More than 2 years1550.050.0
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More than 3 years516.716.7 More than 4 years413.313.3 Total30100.0100.0 Interpretation:Through the above, it is interpreted that majority of the workers are employed in Sainsbury from last 2 years, such that out of 30 employees, 15 are stated that they are working so long in quoted firm. While, 6 of them stated that they are working in company from last 1 years and 5 of them are said that they are working in 3 years and only 4 of them stated that they are working last 4 years. Hence, it is reflected that company have strong employee retention power which is proved from primary study. Theme 2: Satisfaction regarding working hours within Sainsbury FrequencyPercentValid Percent Highly Satisfied826.726.7 Satisfied1240.040.0 Neutral516.716.7 Dissatisfied310.010.0 Highly dissatisfied26.76.7
Total30100.0100.0 Interpretation:In accordance with table it is analyzed that most of the employees are satisfied with the working hours. Such as out of 30 employees, 40% of them are satisfied, while 26% of them are highly satisfied and only 6% of them are completely dissatisfied with the working hours offered by Sainsbury. Hence, this can be stated that working environment of the company is satisfactory. So, when there is a heavy workload, company offer extra pay for employee’s extra offerings and this way, work and employees both are manages. Even during off-season, Sainsbury is also offering range of facilities such as paternity leave, flexible working hours which help to make the employees motivated towards a job and this way, company is balancing their working and also make sure that professional life do not affect worker’s personal life. -Theme 3: Employees are benefit from offloading the task to another employees FrequencyPercentValid Percent Highly Satisfied1550.050.0 Satisfied516.716.7 Neutral413.313.3 Dissatisfied310.010.0 Highly dissatisfied310.010.0
Total30100.0100.0 Interpretation:By conducting first handed research, it is reflected from graph that half of the employees are highly satisfied with the statement that company provide extra benefit opportunities to employees during offloading and 13% of them are do not state anything. On the other side, 16% of them are satisfied and 10% of them are completely dissatisfied. Hence, it is analyzed that company think about employees satisfaction level and provide best opportunities to them as well. It can be also evaluated that when any employee is absent due to their personal reason, then that work is shift to another and as a result, company offer extra benefits and in this way, it will help to manage the work without affecting the results and productivity. Theme 4: Company offer flexibility within a month FrequencyPercentValid Percent Yes2170.070.0 No930.030.0 Total30100.0100.0
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Interpretation:Yes, through the above diagram, it is analyzed that company offer flexibility working hours in order to work-life balance. Such as out of 30, 70% of the respondents are completely agree while only 30% of them are stated no. Hence, it is clearly examine that Sainsbury offer flexibility to their employees in order to run a business and make comfortable to their employees in order to meet the define aim.Kotera, Green and Sheffield (2020)also present own views by stating that flexible working environment will leads to boost morale and improve their physical and mental well- being of employees in better manner. It is so because when the employees work from home, they are less likely tired as compared to working in office and thus, it reduce the risk of fatigue and as a result, positive working culture is established. Theme 5: Sainsbury offer extra benefit to workers while attaining the target FrequencyPercentValid Percent Yes2066.766.7 No1033.333.3 Total30100.0100.0
Interpretation:According to the questionnaire, most of the selected respondents are stated that company take care of all employees and once the target are attain, then company offer perks which means extra benefit. This is proved by the views of selected respondents such as out of 30 employees, 66.7% of them stated yes, while only 33.3% of them stated no. Thus, it is evaluated that every organization should make sure that they provide their best facilities in order to motivate employees and this in turn leads to attain the define aim with a specific tenure. It is also supported by Mansah and Adjei (2020) that once company start offering extra benefit to their employees then it leads to sustain the brand image because incentives and monetary-non monetary benefits will leads to attract range of employees and this in turn leads to improve the overall working environment to the employees. Theme 6: Working environment of the company is suitable for employees FrequencyPercentValid Percent Yes1550.050.0 No826.726.7 Don't know723.323.3 Total30100.0100.0
Interpretation:By conducting the study, it is analyzed by the view of selected employees that working environment of the company is suitable to all the employees such that out of 30 employees, 15 stated yes, while 8 of them stated no and 7 stated they don’t know the exact answer. Hence, it is assumed that working environment of Sainsbury is suitable for all the employees. It is also explain byDizaho, Salleh and Abdullah (2017)that if company have to stay ahead in the competition, then they have to develop the environment which is suitable for employees and this in turn leads to increase the productivity of employees. A healthy working environment leads towards job satisfaction and as a result, workers are put their extra efforts in order to attain the define target and this in possible due to having healthy and safe working environment. Theme 7: Employees manage personal and professional time easily. FrequencyPercentValid Percent Yes1860.060.0 No723.323.3 Don't know516.716.7 Total30100.0100.0
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Interpretation:As per the conducted primary research, it is analyzed that majority of employees are easily manage work-life balance and this is possible only when the company offer them flexibility. Hence, out of all, 18 respondents are stated yes, while 7 of them stated no and only 5 of them are don’t know the answer of the research question. Hence, it is analyzed that there is a need to manage the working life as well as personal life in order to meet the define targets. Also,Franksiska and Bomba (2018)also supported by stating company provide all extra benefit to their employees which in turn leads to job satisfaction. Moreover,focusingthework-lifebalancewillassisttoimprovethehealthyworking environment and reduce the stress and prevent burnout in workplace as well. Theme 8: Work- life balance and flexible working assist to improve the employee performance FrequencyPercentValid Percent Yes2066.766.7 No826.726.7 Don't know26.76.7 Total30100.0100.0
Interpretation:In according to above table, it is interpreted that most of the respondents are highly agreed that out of 30 respondents 20 of them are stated yes, while 8 of them stated no and only 2 of them stated they don’t know about anything. Overall, with the above statement, it is realized that flexible working hours helps to improve the employee performance. This is also explain byKulak and Tüzüner (2020)that there is a direct relationship between employee performance and the flexible working performance such as it leads to boost employee performance and also leads to job satisfaction as well. Hence, it is realized that by offering the flexible working hours and work-life balance will assist to improve the employee as well as company’s performance level and this in turn leads to balance personal as well as professional life too. Theme 9: Sainsbury implemented strategy for employees in relation to work- life balance. FrequencyPercentValid Percent Highly Satisfied1343.343.3 Satisfied723.323.3 Neutral26.76.7 Dissatisfied413.313.3 Highly dissatisfied413.313.3
Total30100.0100.0 Interpretation:According to the above table, it is evaluated that majority of the respondents are highly satisfied with statement that Sainsbury will implemented the strategy in related to work-life balance. Such that out of 30 respondents, 13 of them are highly satisfied, while 7 of them are satisfied and only 2 of them are do not know anything about this. Hence, it is also stated byLe and et.al., (2020)that by offering monetary and non- monetary benefit to their employees, company boost their employees performance and this in turn leads to make a business towards a success direction. Also, managers of the company should focus upon their employee’s productivity rather than working hours so that employees get motivated. RESEARCH OUTCOMES Enclosed in PPT CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS By summing up above report it has been concluded that employees of Sainsbury are satisfiedwiththeworkingconditionbecausecompanyproviderangeofoffersand
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opportunities to their employees to that they manage their personal and professional life in better manner. Through the study by using primary and secondary study, it has been concluded that with effective working policies company encourage employees to put their 100% efforts in order to attain the define target. Such as by providing flexible working hours, it has been concluded that employees of the company are encourage and it also leads to satisfy their job which in turn leads to boost their morale as specified under literature review section. Hence, by conducting the primary research it has been concluded that, by offering different policies by Sainsbury, employees of the company are easily manage their personal and professional life separately and this in turn leads to better work- life balance as well, Further, it has been also concluded from the above research that, managers of the company should focus upon how to improve the productivity rather than focusing on employee’s schedule, in which flexible working hours plays an important role that assist to improve the overall performance of employees. Such as through primary study it has been concluded that most of the employees are agree that company provide flexibility and that is why, it is further supported under literature review section that company should provide best facilities in order to make their employees comfortable and also improve their overall working environment. Hence, it can be concluded that there is a positive impact upon flexible working condition upon the employees performance, even company should develop best strategy in order to improve the overall working study. Recommendation From the above, it is recommended to the Sainsbury that offer flexible working hours to both men and women so that they manage both lives in easily. As secondary study reveal that 81% of the employees are agreed that remote working assist to manage their own time for family and office and as a result, employees are feel valued at companies. On the other side, it is also suggested that company’s manager should review the workload in every interval and try to develop direct communication with employees once in a month in order to make them motivate. This, will help to change the thinking of employees and start feeling valued within a business as well. In addition to this, it is also recommended that with the help of offering extra facilities to their employees will assist to improve the overall performance. Such that when the target is attain by the company, then Sainsbury should provide reward in the form of
monetary and non-monetary benefit which in turn leads to encourage the workers to put more efforts in order to meet the define aim. Moreover, it is further recommended that conduct meeting outside the office which in turn leads to boost the employee morale and help workers to get to know each other in a non- stressful capacity through this. It is so because, employees of the firm will be stress-free and managing their life personally and professionally. REFLECTION AND RECOMMENDATION Through the entire project, I learn different things such as research methodology which in turn assist to keep the project on track. Earlier I was not having a good knowledge but when the research is conducted then, I come to know that with the help of quantitative study, I am able to meet the define aim because it generate the best results and I am able to enhancemyknowledgeaswell.Moreover,quantitativestudyalsoallowforgreater objectivity and accuracy of results and enhance the generalization of results as well. Further, I also know how to use the SPSS tool while using quantitative study and this will assist to generate the data that helps to meet the define aim. In addition to this, the overall Journey of the research project is good because it provide me an opportunity to enhance the understanding about using the research methods and in future when the same thing is applied, I am able to generate the best outcomes as well. Further, the research methods applied by the scholar will assist me to answer the research questions related to frequency and also by selecting the sample size, I also able to generate the answer which is relevant to the research objectives. Hence, with the help of the current study and the methods used within a study, I am able to answer the research question and gain enough knowledge with regards to the selected topic. When I conduct the same research in future, I make sure that I will use qualitative study so that it will help to gain knowledge. Through qualitative study, scholar conduct in- depth research which in turn assist to generate the best results. Under this, I will also use Interpretivism philosophy which in turn assist to integrate the key elements. Thus, this philosophy will help to get information in better manner and determine the views which leads to provide better results. On the other side, in future, I will also use interview as a primary source in which selected interviewee provide their views in relation to work-life balance. It is because, through interview direct communication is used which help to determine the exact expression, which in turn help to analyze the real condition of chosen organization. Hence,
this alternative methodology is also provide a way which assist to gather exact information that helps to meet the define aim.
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Appendix Questionnaire 1. How long you are working with a company? More than 1 years More than 2 years More than 3 years More than 4 years 2. Are you satisfied with the current working hours? Highly satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied 3. Could you benefit from offloading from the task to another employee? Highly satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied 4. Did your company offer any flexibility within a month? Yes No Don’t know 5. Does your company offer any extra benefits while you attaining the target? Yes No Don’t know 6. Does the working environment of the company is suitable to you? Yes No Don’t know 7. Did you easily manage your personal and professional time?
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Yes No Don’t know 8. Do you think that work- life balance and flexible working assist to improve the employee performance? Yes No Don’t know 9.Does the company implement any strategy for employees regarding work-life balance? Highly satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied 10. What are the strategy did manager of Sainsbury adopted to lad better work-life balance and ensure flexible working.