Research Proposal on International Trafficking

This research proposal explores the issue of international drug trafficking, examining the governance arrangements and responses to the problem. It also presents preliminary ideas to improve governance and responses.

RESEARCH
PROPOSAL ON
INTERNATIONAL
TRAFFICKING
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
EXAMINATION OF PROBLEM..................................................................................................3
EXAMINATION OF THE GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS...............................................4
EXAMINATION OF THE RESPONSES......................................................................................4
PRELIMINARY IDEAS TO IMPROVE GOVERNANCE AND RESPONSES..........................5
CONCLUSISON.............................................................................................................................6
RESEARCH PLAN........................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
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INTRODUCTION
Drug Trafficking relates to trading of drug at global level which are subject to drug
prohibition law. Trading may involve cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of drug
illegally. This proposal explains the introduction of this international issue. After that the report
goes on to explain the Examination of the governance arrangements in which report
analysis the different international law, treaties and institutions regarding Drug
trafficking. After that the report highlights the Examination of different response in
which different policy, surveillance and justice arrangement of Drug trafficking at
global level. In the end the report explain Preliminary ideas to improve governance
and responses, research plan, conclusion and recommendation for different U.N.
commission (Dawkins, 2018).
EXAMINATION OF PROBLEM
Drug Trafficking relates to trading of drug at global level which are subject to drug
prohibition law. Trading may involve cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of drug
illegally. As per the data published on website of ONODC it has been identified that in current
situation world used to consume 340 tons of heroin and Seizures represent 430-450 tons of same
in global. Out of total Lao people used to yield 50 ton and rest 380 ton is yield by Afghanistan.
Out of this only 5 percent are seized in Afghanistan. Remaining 375 are trafficked worldwide
via different routes. There are many laws at global as well as nation level has been formulated
by different government to address impact of same at global level.
Drug trafficking used to bring variety impact on Drug trafficking generally impacts the
human resources of nation, as widespread usage of same used to impact the permanent physical
and emotional damage to user and brings variety of negative impact on their family, co-worker
and many others with whom they used to be in contact with. Drug law violations constitute a
substantial proportion of incarcerations in local, state, and federal facilities and
represent the most common arrest category. Drug trafficking used to impact Health
and health care system as well as on crime and criminal justice system of different
nation as well as at Global level (Velasco, 2017).
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It has been identified by ONODC that the real demand of illicit drug or illegal drug is among the
individual who are legally not allowed to consume drug. As report shows that 14.2 percent of
individual who used to consume elicit drug are 12 year or younger. Marijuana is the type of drug
which is commonly consume by different individual at global level.
EXAMINATION OF THE GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS
There are three different type of treaties who used to govern issue related to drug trafficking at
global level. First one is Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 and another one is Convention on
Pysychotropic Substance of 1971. The above two treaties used to codify internationally applicable
measure in order to ensure availability of narcotic drug and other substances for the purpose of medical
and scientific purpose and at the same time also used to make sure that this drugs are prevented their
diversion into illegal channel. Also, this teraties used to look at different provision regarding drug
trafficking and drug abuse (Broséus and et.al., 2016).
Another treaties who used to govern drug trafficking at global level is 1988 United Nations
Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances used to extent
their regime to precursors and focuses on establishing measure to combat illicit drug trafficking
and related money laundering in at global level. Not only that this treaties used to look at
corporation in variety of criminal matters in the nation.
There are many different international law which also used to govern Drug trafficking at
global level. Drug trafficking Laws are generally define by the federal laws. Under this law
individual or institute are penalize for transportation of unlawfully substance such as marijuana,
cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines and other illegal drug. Generally penalization under this law
varies from 3-5 year sentences depending upon the amount or quantity of crime.
All the nation generally used to set different laws and regulation in their nation to prohibit
different individual to consume different illegal drug in the nation. For example in Australia to
act used to govern against drug trafficking that is Narcotic Drug Act 1967 and criminal code Act
1995.
EXAMINATION OF THE RESPONSES
International Drug Control is the frame work which used to make different policy as a
response to this global issue. A first international effort which was made to combat drug
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trafficking at international was in the year 1909 by establishing International Opium
Commission. In today scenario all the policy in international market are governed by all the
above three treaties. This treaties has made the policy regarding production and trade of different
set of drugs in international market. Also they have set up different mechanism to monitor treaty
adherence.
International policy also takes place through U.N. commission on Narcotic Drug. As they
are one who used to publish different data in context of Drugs trend, develops strategy for
international drug control and recommend different measure to combat the issue of Drug at
international level (Beittel, 2019).
There are different mechanism which has been also developed by three treaties which used
to monitor different drug which are consumer by the individual is legal or not this mechanism
used to come under international mechanism of Surveillance against Internal Drug Trafficking.
This surveillance generally used to help the commission in getting knowledge about different
data about the trend and any unlawful activity which are being taken toward International drug
Trafficking. This surveillance is formed by the treaties but governs by U.N commission.
Surveillance also help commission in prevention of different crime as they also used to provide
the measure through which different party can understand the nature of the drug is it is legal
drug or illegal drug (Bright, Koskinen and Malm, 2019).
Criminal justice act 1996 allow you to be detains where the Gradai believe you have
commuted a drug offence. Justice arrangement is generally governs after arrest is by several of
the legislation is Section of Criminal justice Act 1984, Section 42 of criminal justice act 1999,
Section 30 of offence against the state act 1939, Section 50 of criminal justice act 2007 and
section 16 and 17 of criminal procedure act 2010 (Justice Arrangement. 2019).
PRELIMINARY IDEAS TO IMPROVE GOVERNANCE AND
RESPONSES
After going through the different strategy and policy and views of different treaties, council
and law it was summarized by me that U.N. as a whole is doing well at global level to reduce the
impact of drug trafficking and commission has seen good of success for doing same at global
level but at the same time it has been also analysed by me that this policy and strategy will help
the commission in striking the different prohibited activity at mass level it will not help the
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company in looking at prohibition activity at small domestic level, As a result there is good
demand and consumption of same in the small villages of Africa nation (Nestel and et.al., 2019).
So commission has to look at making more superior surveillance in the market, this will
eventually help commission in getting better control over variety of prohibition activity which
are going at domestic level but can prove critical at wider scope (Bala, Labonté-LeMoyne and
Léger, 2017).
It has been also recommended to commission that they should also educate different
consumer about the impact of drug in the nation this will eventually help the commission in
reducing amount of Drug trafficking in the nation. As if consumer by their own will not
consume the drug in the market amount of drug consumption will reduce eventually and Drug
trafficking will eventually reduce at the global level (Boyack, Smith and Klavans, 2018).
CONCLUSISON
After going through above report it is concluded that Drug trafficking is one of the most
growing concern in current scenario. This issue is also bringing variety of the impact on the
human of the nation. After that report conclude different type of Treaties, law and institution.
There are generally three treaties who used to operate in the nation. After that the report
concludes different response to same at international context. Some of the responses are
policing, justice arrangement and surveillance. Generally different policy are made by treaties
but at the same time used to govern by U.N. Commission at global level. After that the report
conclude summarization of different performance of policy and criminal law and
recommendation of same at global level
RESEARCH PLAN
Activities in Project Week
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Week
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Week
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Week
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Week
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Week
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Week
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Selection of topic
Approval of topic
Information gathering
Information analysis
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Proposal drafting
Checking of proposal
End proposal submission after changes
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Dawkins, M., 2018. Drug Trafficking in the Caribbean.Crime and Violence in the Caribbean:
Lessons from Jamaica, p.91.
Velasco, J. L., 2017. Insurgency, authoritarianism, and drug trafficking in Mexico's
democratization. Routledge.
Broséus, J. and et.al., 2016. Studying illicit drug trafficking on Darknet markets: structure and
organisation from a Canadian perspective. Forensic science international, 264,
pp.7-14.
Beittel, J. S., 2019. Mexico: Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking Organizations. Current
Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada and Mexico. 21(2). pp.181-
223.
Bright, D., Koskinen, J. and Malm, A., 2019. Illicit network dynamics: The formation and
evolution of a drug trafficking network. Journal of Quantitative Criminology,35(2),
pp.237-258.
Bala, H., Labonté-LeMoyne, E. and Léger, P. M., 2017. Neural correlates of technological
ambivalence: a research proposal. In Information Systems and Neuroscience (pp. 83-
89). Springer, Cham.
Boyack, K. W., Smith, C. and Klavans, R., 2018. Toward predicting research proposal
success. Scientometrics,114(2), pp.449-461.
Nestel, D., and et.al., 2019. Writing a Research Proposal for Sponsorship or Funding.
In Healthcare Simulation Research (pp. 251-255). Springer, Cham.
ONLINE
Justice Arrangement. 2019 .[ONLINE]. Available through
https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/arrests/detention_after_arrest.html.
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