Understanding the Role of Interaction in Promoting Holistic Development of Malay Infants and Toddlers

Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL
2. Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the degree and extend of the infant and toddler teachers
understanding of the role of interaction in promoting holistic development of Malay infant and
toddlers from underprivileged homes. For the purpose of this paper UPMIT refers to
underprivileged Malay infants and toddlers between the age of 2 months to 30 months from the
low-income strata. In the first few years of life, more than 1 million new neural connections form
every second thus it is particularly imperative that educators working with UPMIT are providing
meaningful interactions to facilitate holistic development. The inductive theoretical framework
that guides the investigation will focus on the teachers understanding derived from brain
development and Vygotsky social constructivist theories. It is exploratory in nature and presents
a multidimensional approach to describing and evaluating infant and toddler teachers’
understanding on the issues. An interpretivist paradigm intermingle with thematic perspective is
adopted to analyse the data. This issue is considered to be a pertinent because UPMIT are
discovered to be susceptible to more stress in relation to the other income grouped children. In
addition, a deeper understanding of the issue may also address some of the gap so that teachers
can be in a better position to help the families of UPMIT.
Keyword: infant and toddler teachers’ interactions, brain development of underprivileged
children, Singapore

1RESEARCH PROPOSAL
3. Aim and objectives of the research
Conducting educational research is more than completing the major steps of the process
of research. It involves designing and writing the research in one of the two major tracks:
qualitative research or quantitative research. This research study utilised the qualitative track and
aims to suggest improvements for practice. It also utilized the quantitative track using the survey
design to identify trends in attitudes , opinions , behavior and characteristic of a large group of
people. An ineffective educator can impact the child’s growth in a severe way than any other
issue of childhood (Eve Siu Ling Chen et al., 2018). The issue is severe for the children of lower
income group because they already have lesser opportunities in life than the rest of the
population and this is one of the reasons for their undergrowth persistently (Collins, 2016).
Hence, the purpose of the research will delve deeper and study the infant and toddler teachers’
understanding on how interaction facilitates the brain architecture and holistic development of
the UPMIT in order to suggest improvement to practices.
4. Background
According to Conkbayir (2015), the ability of cognition of the child develops at the
tender age and this is not an isolated process rather there are other influences of socialization,
types of parenting, schooling of the children and most importantly the impact of a good teacher.
It is found that the ramifications of the inefficient educators are severe for a child as it might
restrict the potentials which can impact the scope of the child from realizing their potentials
(Duchesne et al., 2018). According to Berk (2017), early teaching and the role of the main
caregiver have a positive impact on the development of the child. The tender age is the most
crucial part of the development (Bruer, 2011). The development of cognitive capacity and
memory are the two most important factors of the childhood where the impact of the early

2RESEARCH PROPOSAL
educators is important. It is further argued that there are a few other issues for consideration like
the socio-economic growth, extreme poverty or unequal employment which are also important
for the present state of these groups (Collins, 2016). Hence, it is important to consider that the
underachievement of these minority groups is not isolated rather it is attached to their lower
development of cognitive capacity (Collins, 2016). It is therefore important to consider that the
issue does not reside with the elderly population rather it is there within the foundation and the
basic elementary education where the issue resides (Collins, 2016).
5 .Theoretical framework
A theoretical framework is the blueprint of the research in a methodological way for
conducting the research (Choy, 2014). The inductive research method is adopted as the
framework here because inductive method helps to derive the knowledge to substantiate the
conclusion on the basis of derived data (Choy, 2014).There are researches which focus on the
inductive method because it helps to derive conclusions based on the premises undertaken in the
research. It will also help to infer data from different perspectives and general information
(Choy, 2014). The research will follow this framework as this approach provides enough scope
for exploring each issue with greater detail. This inductive research reasoning is taken as the
theoretical framework since it helps to derive knowledge from the interviews and it also leave
scope for using multiple theories within the body of research.
5.1 Structure of the study
The research will be conducted by pointing out the broad issue of the topic and further
breaking it into smaller parts to highlight each issue for analysis of the issue. This will be helpful
to provide equal weight to each issue of the broader concept. The next part of the research will
be focused on the interviews and finally the derivation base conclusions. An interview protocol,

3RESEARCH PROPOSAL
which consists of four to five questions will be carried out. The structure of the research is
centered on the collection of data and their analysis to arrive at a conclusion, and it is presented
in the form of the expected outcome. The aim of the research to follow this particular structure is
to analyse the issue systematically and to find the nuances of the same.
7. Research question
Haynes (2006), wrote that interest in a particular topic usually begins the research process, but it
is the familiarity with the subject that helps define an appropriate research question for a study.
A research question guides and centers your research. It should be clear and focused, as well as
synthesize multiple sources to present a unique argument. Creswell (2009), affirms that
researchers place signposts in their work that help others to recognize the purpose of the study
and the research questions or hypothesis being investigated. In qualitative research researchers’
formally states, a central question and then generally follow with a set of associated sub-
questions. Central questions need to be broad and asked around a central phenomenon or concept
of study. There are mainly three main types of questions; causal questions associate two or more
phenomena and determines if a relationship exists while descriptive questions seek to describe a
phenomenon. Finally, the comparative questions goal is to examine the difference between two
or more groups in relation to one or more variables. For this research, the descriptive and causal
questions is chosen to explore the phenomenon.
Here are the research questions for this study:
RQ1. What do infant and toddler teachers understand about interaction to promote a holistic
development?
RQ2. How do infant and toddler teachers interact to promote holistic development of UPMIT?