St Mary's CE3 Report: Reversible Data Hiding Using Histogram Method

This report details a student's project on reversible data hiding using histogram modification of pixel differences. The project, conducted at St. Mary's Group of Institutions in Hyderabad, India, aimed to develop a secure data hiding system to prevent unauthorized access to images, utilizing techniques from image processing. The report covers the project's background, objectives, and the student's area of work, including the use of MATLAB and Graphical User Interface for implementation. The student's responsibilities included designing the project framework, coding, and ensuring the successful execution of the project. The report also discusses the engineering knowledge applied, including concepts of digital image processing, watermarking, and data hiding. The student addressed issues related to data security and the potential for data deformation, proposing solutions such as encryption and the use of reversible data hiding techniques. Furthermore, the report highlights the student's plan for creative and innovative work, emphasizing the potential application of data hiding techniques in fields like military and medical image processing, along with future scopes. The project review section provides an overview of the project and the student's contributions, including information gathering, design, and error rectification. The student acknowledges the collaborative efforts with project guides and department heads.

COMPETENCY
DEMONSTRATION REPORT
Career Episode 3
PRATHYUSHA REDDY KATKOORI

CE 3.1 Project Information
Name of the project: Reversible Data Hiding Using Histogram modification of Pixel
Differences
Location of the project: Hyderabad, India
Project Duration:
Organization: St Mary’s Group of Institutions Hyderabad
Role and Designation during the time: Electronics and Communication Engineering
CE 3.2 Project Background
This project was designed in order to make a Data Hiding system. The term data hiding
was used to discuss about the technique of encoding the data related to the image in such a way
so that the unauthorised access can be stopped on the image. The technique of hiding the image
can sometime damage the host image although the deformation was negligible to the human eye.
To understand the data hiding technique one first have to understand the concepts related to
image processing and way of digital image processing. In case of many fields the data hiding
technique was not properly implemented as some amount of the data can be loosed. To overcome
this problem related to data hiding I have used the reversible data hiding method for loose less
embedding of the image.

CE 3.2.1 Characteristics of the project
An image was a two-dimensional picture which can be used to as a photograph or screen
display. It was consisted of several rectangular grids which were called pixels having a definite
height and width. The digital image can have different forms like GIF, JPEG and PNG. Digital
image processing was the technique of manipulating the images by using the computers. Colour
image processing, segmentation, compression were several techniques to process an image. The
image restoration was used for make an image to its previous form. Image was also an important
thing which can be used to There were huge varieties of software such as MATLAB and
graphical user interface was used for designing the working functionality of this project. Water
marking was also an important feature of image recognition. The method of data hiding was used
in such a way so that the images can be encrypted and the content related to the image can be
made private. In some cases the hiding of the image can distort some amount of data and reverse
data hiding technique was used to overcome that data related to the image.
CE 3.2.2 Objectives developed for the project
The primary objective of this project was to design a data hiding using Histogram
modification of pixel differences. Besides this, there were several objectives which were
discussed below.
 To familiarize with the concept of image, pixels and several image processing
techniques.
 To learn about several image recognition techniques and water marking.
 To learn about image hiding techniques.

 To familiarize with different software as MATLAB, Graphical User Interface.
CE 3.2.3 My area of work
I was assigned this project to work on the Reversible Data Hiding Using Histogram
modification of Pixel Differences. I have collected several data from websites and text books on
this project. I have completed this project by using software like MATLAB and Graphical User
Interface and also designed the project by applying several features of image processing such as
image enhancing, image restoration and color image processing. I have also designed the
framework of the project to achieve the best outcome and created the coding and run it in the
MATLAB software.
CE 3.2.4 Project Group
I have done this project under the supervision of my respected project guide Mr. A.
Lakshmi Pathi, assistant professor, Department of Information of Technology. This project could
not be completed without the kind help of Mr. G. Chaitanya Reddy, head of the Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department. I am also grateful to the principal Mr.
Sathyanarayana Rao for his collaboration in making this project.
CE 3.2.5 My responsibilities throughout the project
I was given the responsibility to make the project on Reversible Data Hiding Using
Histogram modification of Pixel Differences. I was responsible to assure about all the
information which was discussed in this project. It was my responsibility to design all the
diagrams, coding and the planning in such a manner so that the project can be executed in a

perfect way. I was also responsible for applying my own skill and knowledge to finish this
project.
CE 3.3 Distinctive Activity
CE 3.3.1 Comprehending the theory of the project
There were several techniques which can be applied in image processing and image
hiding. In the modern era, the image can be analyzed in a digital way so that it can be created and
modified with an easy and faster response. An image can be designed by attaching several pixels
in that picture. The pixels can be modified and the rate of pixels can be changed in order to make
the image in our desired way. Data hiding was used mainly in the encryption of the information
related to some images and the main fact of making the information hided was to increase the
security of the image and to overcome the issues related to the loss of data. For that reason the
reversible data hiding method was used. In this project I have used the histogram method of data
hiding and this follow some principle based on the peak point and the zero point. If P and Z were
the value of peak point and zero points respectively, then the range of the histogram, P+1, Z-1,
was shifted to the right-hand side. Once a pixel with value P was encountered, if the message bit
was 1, the pixel value was increased by 1. I have used the data extraction process as the opposite
of the data hiding process. The main concept was that the number of both the bits and the pixels
of the images were same.

Figure: Original histogram and histogram shifting
Figure: Digital image processing
CE 3.3.2 Engineering knowledge and skills applied in the project
I have applied my knowledge and skills learned during the engineering course on
Electronics and Communication Engineering. The concepts related to digital image processing
was required in order to make this project. The concepts related to image handling and water
marking were also important. The techniques related to the data hiding were also important to be
applied in this project. The histogram was to be created in order to make the project
implemented.

CE 3.3.3 Accomplishment and task performed
I have used the principle of reversible data hiding using the Histogram modification for
the project. In this project I have implemented a binary tree for solving the main issue related to
manage the pick point and the embedded information. This binary tree was used to find out the
picks and the zeroes of the image. The differences have a Laplacian type of dist7ribution which
can be used in order to make the system more accurate and to analyze in the frequency domain.
The image processing technique was actually easy to analyze in the frequency domain for the
advantage of calculating it with the help of the Laplace domain analysis. In this project I have
used a side communication channel for the denomination of the number of picks and zeroes in
the system.
CE 3.3.4 Identified issues and their solutions
3.3.4.1 Issues
 In the case of reversible data hiding, the main issue was related to the hacking of the
data or image. If the image was not secured in a proper way, then it can be misused
by the unauthorized people.
 The data hiding process can deform some amount of data which can be identified in
some cases like medical platform.
 It can also be an issue to make the image distributed in a lower number of pixels and
it leads to slower calculation and modification of the data related to the image.
3.3.4.2 Solutions
 To overcome this security issue, the encryption or the data hiding should be done in a
proper way.

 To restore the data I have used the reverse data hiding technique and the image
restoration techniques.
 The image should be distributed in more number of pixels for better access and
processing of the data related to the image.
CE 3.3.5 Plan to produce creative and innovative work
I have planned and designed this project in such a way so that the image processing
technique can be used in order to make it more advanced in several fields. The data hiding
techniques can be implemented successfully in several fields like the military and medical image
processing. Reversible data hiding technique was used to restore the data related to the images
successfully. The person having the key can only decrypt the image for accessing it. There are
also many future scope of this project as the security concerns are increasing day by day. The
primary need of data hiding is to increase the security and this will lead to more implementation
of this concept in near future.
CE 3.3.6 Collaborative work
I have completed this project under the supervision of my project guide Mr. A. Lakshmi
Pathi, assistant professor, department of information technology. This project could not be
completed without the kind help of Mr. G. Chaitanya Reddy, head of the department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department. I was also thankful to the principal
Mr. Sathyanarayana Rao for his collaboration in making this project. I am also thankful to the
professor for his help in giving me ideas related to the documentation of the project. I have also

conveyed my gratitude to the head of the department for rectifying all the errors in the project
and for leading me in the right direction.
CE 3.4 Project Review
CE 3.4.1 Project Overview
The main concepts behind this project are to create an important analysis related to image
processing and image hiding. In this project I have used all the concepts related to the image
processing techniques. From these projects I have learnt about the several techniques related to
the image processing. The digital image processing technique is also discussed in this section. In
this project the reverse image hiding technique is used which is used for not deleting or not
deforming any data related to the image. Here the histogram method is used in order to execute
the reverse image hiding method which is the main operation executed for the proper functioning
of the image. Several calculations were done on Laplacian domain to conduct with the histogram
approach.
CE 3.4.2 My contribution to work
I have collected all the information regarding this situation of the report from various
sources like internet and books. I have studied several practical cases related to the image
processing and image hiding techniques. I have made all the design related to this project. I have
repeated the steps of the project several times to rectify the errors. After rectifying the errors I
have implemented the strategies related to the project in order to run and execute it successfully.
Finally I have documented all the information and process related to the project and submitted
the documentation to the university.