Review Based Project Literature Review (Secondary Research) Template

This template provides a literature review for a review-based project on the impact of wireless sensor networks in the field of agriculture. It includes references, techniques, goals, and processes involved in the project.

Review Based Project Literature Review (Secondary Research) Template
Student's Name and CSU ID MADAN DHAKAL
Project Type Review Based Project
Project Name Impact of wireless sensor network in the field of agriculture
Technology Wireless sensors network
Techniques Remote monitoring
Domain Agriculture
Version 1.0 _ Week 1
1
Reference in APA format that will be in
'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal
Paper you are working on it)
Bandur, D, Jaksic, B., Bandur, M., & Jovic, S. (2019). An analysis of energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor
Networks (WSNs) applied in smart agriculture. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,156, 500-507.
doi:10.1016/j.compag.2018.12.016
Citation that will be in the content (Bandur, Jaksic, Bandur, & Jovic, 2019)
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.compag.2018.12.016
Q1 Energy efficiency, Wireless Sensor Networks, Smart
agriculture
1

The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...
etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that need to be solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name: Analysis
and Simulation of WSN.
Tools:
 Contiki’s Cooja simulator for
inter-processor communication.
Applied Area: Smart agriculture
Problem:
How is the performance of WSN
operations are degraded, which
affects the energy efficiency? How
can it be maintained in the field of
smart agriculture?
Goal:
 Calculate the power consumption of
multiple WSN components, in terms
of both physicality and functionality.
 Analysis of the WSN operation’s
simulation model, in smart
agriculture.
 To evaluate discussion and
comparative review of implemented
protocols to data link, physical and
network layers.
 Simulate a model to illustrate most
efficient mechanism’s importance in
WSN’s energy saving?
The analysis/simulation consists of four stages:
 Energy consumption’s overview in WSN.
 Energy saving mechanism’s technical review with
discussion and comparison.
 Simulation of WSN by utilizing Cooja simulator.
 Additional elements to design and implementation.
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Analysis of duty cycle mechanism(WSN) using Contiki’s Cooja Simulator
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 Usage of Contiki’s Cooja simulator to operate The simulator consists of 11 Tmote Sky’s N/A
2

WSN’s duly cycle mechanism CC2410 sensory modules which consume low
power (ultra) and multipath fading channel of
strong operative capability is maintained.
2 Creation of a network diagram to include the
nodes and also, 10 m background greed is
featured in an IPv6 based routing protocol.
The IPv6 (routing) protocol supports Low
power usage and lossy networks(asd).
N/A
3 Continuous transmission of information from
sensor to sensor.
It delivers constant voltage of 4V and
unlimited counts of current.
N/A
4 Running simulation on two asynchronous MAC
protocols:
 CX-MAC
 ContikiMAC
The feature of the steps aims to produce
energy saving.
N/A
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Energy efficiency Wireless Sensor Network
Smart Agriculture
Battery capacity (DODA)
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and Critical Thinking: Limitations of the research
3

Why (Justify) current solution, and Why (Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
Sensor node
information for both
ContikiMAC and CX-
MAC protocol.
Average power
consumption and
radio duty cycle
values for both the
protocols.
The paper has presented an efficient analysis of the
WSN’s energy conservation methods. The
simulated model to the agricultural application
reduces the network node consumption to the duty
cycle mechanism. The usage of MAC protocol is
efficiently implemented and addresses corrective
throughput, delay (optimized) and energy saving
solutions. The Contiki’s simulator has presented
coloring indications (green-yellow codes).
Moreover, the objectives of the paper are met.
The research does not determine the rest of the
implementation phases to the life cycle, while the
focus is only on environmental requirements,
planning and analysis, and phases of design.
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project
What is the Future work that set by the author
in Conclusion and Future work section
Asd has provided an enhanced WSN while
maintaining energy efficiency. The magnitude of
the energy savings are deployed to reveal the
accomplishment of required duty cycle
mechanisms in the WSNs. Moreover, the paper
has discussed the impact levels of energy savings,
under processes of comprehensive analysis,
requirements collection and design phases of the
WSN life cycle.
The simulator provides an efficient energy
conservation role, and the modification of WSN to
the smart agriculture application. Moreover, the
total operation time (CX-MAC > 6 x ContikiMAC)
results have proved excellent energy savings
solutions for the simulated WSN.
For the future work, designing WSN would
consider the neural networks and systems of fuzzy
logic, which would further improve the control
strategies of WSN.
Diagram/Flowchart
Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List'
4

(This give the Reference of the Journal Paper that the author selected and improve it (State of art of his work))
Al-Karaki, J.N., Kamal, A.E., 2014. On the correlated data gathering problem in wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of Ninth IEEE Symposium on
Computers and Communications. IEEE.
Nesa Sudha, M., Valarmathi, M.L., Babu, Anni Susan, 2013. Energy efficient data transmission in automatic irrigation system using wireless sensor networks.
Comput. Electron. Agri. 78, 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2011.07.009.
Yu, Y., Estrin, D., Govindan, R., 2014. Geographical and energy-aware routing: A recursive data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor networks. UCLA
Computer Science Department Technical Report, UCLA-CSD TR-01-0023. UCLA.
Citation that will be in the content
Karaki and Kamal, 2014
Nesa Sudha et al, 2013
Yu, Estrin and Govindan, 2014
2
Reference in APA format that will be in
'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal
Paper you are working on it)
Ludeña-Choez, J., Choquehuanca-Zevallos, J. J., & Mayhua-López, E. (2018). Sensor nodes fault detection for
agricultural wireless sensor networks based on NMF. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture.
doi:10.1016/j.compag.2018.06.033
Citation that will be in the content (Ludeña-Choez, Choquehuanca-Zevallos, & Mayhua-López, 2018)
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.compag.2018.06.033
Q1 Sensor nodes fault detection
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF)
Principal Components Analysis (PCA)
Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)
5

The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...
etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that need to be solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name: Non-
Negative matrix Factorization Algorithm
Tools: Wireless Sensor network
Applied Area: Farming Resources
Problem: The problems faced in the
optimization of the scarce farming
resources, land monitoring and decision
making.
Goal: To apply NMF and data is acquired for
the spectral representation to extract the
normal behaviour of the sensor node utilizing
the minimum number of features
1. The pre-processing of the data
2. Learning NMF-based sensor nodes normal behavior
model.
3. NMF-based sensor node falut detection
4. Learning MSPCA-based sensor nodes normal
behavior model
5. MSPCA-based sensor node fault detection
6. Decision stage
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 The Non-Negative Matrix Function is applied. The advantage applying the NMF is that it
detects the sensor node fault.
N/A
2 The filtering of the process are done. The advantage of applying this is that it
improves the fault detection.
N/A
3 The NMF-based sensor node fault detection It helps to detect the activation coefficients for
the new signal that comes from each of the
sensors.
N/A
4 The residual projection matrix is utilized It helps in obtaining the coefficient matrix and
the details of the respective matrix structure.
N/A
6

5 The feature coefficient will be determined It will help in the finding out if the signal is
valid or not.
N/A
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Wireless Sensor Network Sensor node fault detection
Principle Components of the analysis Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF)
Discrete Wavelength Transformation.
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
The NMF is selected
as the input in this
report
The output of this
report is the will be
the implementation
of the NMF algorithm
in the agricultural
sector.
In this report the analysis of the primary factors are
done and explained the performance of the MSPCA
and the data applied data is acquired from the
WSN. This procedure is accompanied by a
classifier that decides if there is a set of features
that deviates from the normal ones.
In order to assess the significance of performances
of systems based on NMF and MSPCA methods. It
cannot be done without boxing the plots that are
In this report the analysis of the primary factors
are done and explained the performance of the
MSPCA and the data applied data is acquired from
the WSN. This procedure is accompanied by a
classifier that decides if there is a set of features
that deviates from the normal ones.
In order to assess the significance of
performances of systems based on NMF and
MSPCA methods. It cannot be done without
7

obtained for the faults boxing the plots that are obtained for the faults
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project
What is the Future work that set by the author
in Conclusion and Future work section
The research is based on the implementation of
the NMF in the precision agriculture and the
challenges faced and how to overcome the
problems.
The study helps in overcoming the problems that
are faced in the implementation of the NMF. An
alternative method for feature extraction based on
NMF to detect faults in soil moisture readings was
presented. The system models the normal behaviour
of the sensor nodes from the spectral basis vectors
obtained after applying the NMF algorithm over the
spectral magnitude of the sensed data.
The NMF can be used in the future for the
implementation in the precision agriculture and for
the optimization of the scarce farming, land
monitoring and decision making support.
Diagram/Flowchart
Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal Paper that the author selected and improve it (State of art of his work))
Giantomassi, A., Ferracuri, F., Iarlori, S., Puglia, G., Fonti, A., Comodi, G., Longhi, S.,
2014. Smart home heating system malfunction and bad behavior diagnosis by multiscale
PCA under indoor temperature feedback control. In: 22nd Mediterranean Conf.
on Control and Automation, pp. 876–881.
8

Wilson, K., Bhiksha, R., Smaragdis, P., Divakaran, A., 2008. Speech denoising using
nonnegative matrix factorization with priors. In: Proc. of the Acoustics, Speech, and
Signal Processing, Conference 2008 ICASSP-08, pp. 4029-4032.
Citation that will be in the content
Giantomassi et al. (2014)
Wilson et al. (2008)
3
Reference in APA format that will be in
'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal
Paper you are working on it)
Khanna, A., & Kaur, S. (2019). Evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) and its significant impact in the field of
Precision Agriculture. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 157, 218-231.
doi:10.1016/j.compag.2018.12.039
Citation that will be in the content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.compag.2018.12.039
Q1 Internet of Things (IoT)
Wireless communication protocol
Wireless network infrastructure
Radio frequency (RF)
Radio-frequency Identification (RFID)
Precision agriculture
9

Smart agriculture
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...
etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that need to be solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Internet of Things
Real time monitoring
Tools: Wireless Sensor Network
Applied Area: Internet of Things
Problem: To identify the optimal potential
of the internet usage.
Goal: The goal of the project is to identify
the current position of IoT in Precision
Agriculture
Internet of Things
Precision Agriculture
Wireless Network Infrastructure
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 Survey of the articles It help to motivate the researchers in the study. N/A
2 Related surveys are done It helps to gather knowledge of the previous
researches.
N/A
3 The research methodology and the method of
classification is studied
It helped in identifying the literature of the
comprehensive review.
N/A
4
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
10

Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Internet of Things Precision Agriculture
Wireless Communication Protocol Smart Agriculture
Radio Frequency Radio frequency Identifier
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
The input of this
report will be the
implementation of the
IoT.
The output of this
study will be the
current position of
the IoT in the
precision agriculture.
Even though the IoT was proposed a couple of
years ago the implementation of the IoT has
become the benchmark for the establishment of the
communication. The motive of this study is to study
the implementation of IoT in the field of
agriculture.
The complete understanding of the IoT
Architecture is the biggest challenge in the
implementation of this technique. The rise of
issues with the updates that are associated with the
constant advancement of the domain.
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project
What is the Future work that set by the author
in Conclusion and Future work section
The main solution of the research are that the
research aims is to extend the capabilities from
IPv4 to IPv6. To develop the high scalable IPv6
based SOA that is capable to solve the issues.
The solution that is provides an acceptable range of
accuracy. The RFID system is composed of many
readers’ tags and the use of make of radio
frequency electromagnetic to transfer the data. The
M2M communication is used to increase the
The IoT can be used for the contribution in the
modern area of advancement of the agriculture.
Extensive research in the field of IoT and
precision Agriculture will take a gigantic leap for
11

communication technique in the last few years. the betterment of mankind. In the next few years,
major agriculture sensors, actuators and devices
would be connected over the Internet with the
basic objective of interaction, controlling, and
decision making.
Diagram/Flowchart
Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal Paper that the author selected and improve it (State of art of his work))
Ojha, T., Misra, S., Raghuwanshi, N.S., 2015. Wireless sensor networks for agriculture: the
state-of-the-art in practice and future challenges. Comput. Electron. Agric. 118,
66–84.
Zhang, M., Sun, F., Cheng, X., 2012. Architecture of internet of things and its key technology
integration based-on RFID. In: Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID),
2012 Fifth International Symposium on, vol. 1. IEEE, pp. 294–297.
Citation that will be in the content
Ojha, Misra & Raghuwansi (2015)
Zhang, Sun & Cheng (2012s)
4
12

Reference in APA format that will be in
'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal
Paper you are working on it)
Ali, R., Pal, A. K., Kumari, S., Karuppiah, M., & Conti, M. (2018). A secure user authentication and key-
agreement scheme using wireless sensor networks for agriculture monitoring. Future Generation Computer
Systems, 84, 200-215. doi:10.1016/j.future.2017.06.018
Citation that will be in the content (Ali, Pal, Kumari, Karuppiah, & Conti, 2018)
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.06.0
18
Q2 Agriculture monitoring
AVISPA
Random oracle model
Wireless sensor networks
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...
etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that need to be solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name: Remote
user authentication scheme.
Tools: Burrows-Abadi-Needham logic;
Automated Validation Information
Security Protocols and Applications
(AVISPA); Oracle model.
Applied Area:
Agriculture applications
Problem: How issues to security and
privacy can be protected in the precision
agricultural field?
Goal:
 To feature a real-life application
that can monitor and agricultural
privacy and security issues.
 Improve agriculture productivity
 Save human labour, money and
time.
 Real-time support.
There are six phases of the proposed scheme:
 Login phase
 Registration phase
 System setup phase
 Authentication and key (session) agreement phase
 Change or update password phase
 Dynamic node addition phase
13

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 Initiation to the organization is done through
distinct identification of sensor nodes. Next,
agriculture professional registers themselves to
the Base station (in the registration phase). The
login phase allows users to login in the Base
station for information collection. Next,
authentication is evaluated via Session key
agreement. The agriculture professional
modifies their password with any intervention to
the base station. Lastly, deployment of new
sensor nodes are established in the network
region.
Deployment of sensor and gateway nodes in
the targeted area.
N/A
2 Security analysis of the respective protocol is
initiated by authentication proof theory of
Burrows-Abadi-Needham logic. Next, formal
security analysis via oracle model is initiated.
The backbone parameters of the protocol are
revealed. The security rate is determined and
also, security strength is also analysed.
N/A
3 Informal security analysis is executed via
examination under different cases.
This analysis ensures the protection of the
scheme from multiple wicket attacks.
N/A
4 Simulation verification using AVISPA. Validation of the simulation model is rated
efficiently with the respective application.
AVISPA might produce errors and run into
crashes for incorrect simulative inputs.
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
14

Agricultural Modelling Wireless Sensor Network
AVIPSA Random Oracle Model
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
HLPSL codes are
simulated in AVIPSA
software.
Results are obtained
in terms of OFMS and
CL-AtSe back ends.
Simulation results
ensure the active and
passiveness of the
attacks, including the
man-in-the-middle
and replay attacks.
The proposed WSN’s secure authentication scheme
in the field of precise agriculture has provided a
privacy and security strengthening feature.
Implementation of BAN logic has further supported
the mutual authentication proof. Also, AVISPA
software usage records the active and passive
attacks withstand features.
The current research is limited to the scopes of
using massive amounts of energy. However, can
be maintained.
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project
What is the Future work that set by the author
in Conclusion and Future work section
The paper has provided security and privacy
The evaluated work is plays an important role in
authenticating the users in agricultural WSN
network. The security and privacy is maintained The research work is deeply insightful and
15

protection techniques for the real-time application
and to WSN networks. Also, the work is checked
by AVIPSA software, which has optimized the
networks against network’s vulnerability and
more. Moreover, the evaluated work is influential
and real-time based.
and further, protection against massive and
vulnerable attacks are also calculated and mitigated,
accordingly.
provides deep understanding of different tools and
methods like AVIPSA, Oracle model,
Computation Cost Algorithm, Virus attacks
mitigation techniques and more. Also, preferences
and importance of the protocol according to
different cases are also valuable for understanding
the extent of the project. This scheming is efficient
in real time application.
Moreover, the protocol’s complexities can be
compromised by specific reduction technique’s
evaluation in the future work. The same work can
be extended for an environment under cloud
computing.
Diagram/Flowchart
Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal Paper that the author selected and improve it (State of art of his work))
S. Kumari, H. Om, Authentication protocol for wireless sensor networks applications like safety monitoring in coal mines, Comput. Netw. 104 (2016) 137–
154.
Y. Lu, L. Li, H. Peng, Y. Yang, An energy efficient mutual authentication and key agreement scheme preserving anonymity for wireless sensor networks,
Sensors 16 (6) (2016) 837
M.A.M. Burrows, R. Needham, A logic of authentication, ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 8 (1) (2014) 1836
Citation that will be in the content
(Kumari and Om, 2016)
(Lu et al., 2016)
16

(Burrows and Needham, 2014)
5
Reference in APA format that will be in
'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal
Paper you are working on it)
Mirhosseini, M., Barani, F., & Nezamabadi-Pour, H. (2017). Design optimization of wireless sensor networks in
precision agriculture using improved BQIGSA. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 16, 38-47.
doi:10.1016/j.suscom.2017.08.006
Citation that will be in the content (Mirhosseini, Barani, & Nezamabadi-Pour, 2017)
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.suscom.2017.08.006
Q1 Wireless Sensor Network
Energy Consumption
Precision Agriculture
Quantum Computing Gravitational Search Algorithm
Binary Quantum-Inspired
Gravitational Search Algorithm
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...
etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that need to be solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name: Quantum-
based gravitation search algorithm
Tools:
Problem: How can WSN’s energy
consumption be improved to follow the
specially connected requirements and
properties as considered?
Goal: To apply the proposed approach in a
These are the following stages of the proposed algorithm:
 Object Representation
 Fitness function
 Application of the improved algorithm to primitive
WSN design
17

Applied Area: BQIGSA is applied in the
agricultural applications.
farm for monitoring the environmental
scopes of a precision architecture.
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 Changing the sensory nodes to four operational
modes of cluster head, high signal range,
inactiveness and low signal usage.
Mapping of the representational bit strings are
attached to the respective WSN topologies, to
encode the respective bit strings.
N/A
2 Three sets of parameters are utilized to evaluate
the designed WSN’s performance in the
application of precision agriculture. Parameters
include energy, connectivity and application
specified.
Achieves uniformity of calculations in the
areas of interest to WSN topologies. Satisfies
the connectivity constraints and energy
determination of sensors and also, battery
capacity.
N/A
3 Application of BQIGSA to WSN is initiated in
two stages of: Optimal Design Algorithm
(ODA) and, Dynamic Optimal Design
Algorithm (DODA)(asd).
The use of ODA determines the individual
sensor’s optimization of battery capacity
sensors to further optimize the major network
parameters. DODA updates the battery
capacities and executes ODA’s updated
batteries. Moreover, network’s life span is
measured in cycles.
N/A
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
18

Energy Consumption Wireless Sensor Network
Quantum Computing Gravitational Search Algorithm Precision Agriculture
Binary Quantum Inspired
Gravitational search algorithm
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
Initial input of DODA
is obtained from the
application of ODA,
while the sensor’s
battery capacity is
updated using a
specified equation.
The application on
BGA, BPSO, BQJGSA,
QQIGSA and
improved BQIGSA has
provided the statistics
of defined
parameters and their
respective values.
Moreover, BQIGSA
has been observed to
produce the largest
fitness function value
and minimum
operational energy
consumption.
The research work has been evaluated with special
carefulness on the least reduction role of the fitness
function, while comparing the similar algorithms
during 14 measuring cycles. The comparison of the
algorithms are also shown in descriptive figures.
Moreover, the paper’s objective of evidently
showing the improvement of operational energy
consumption, as designed (WSN), has been
improved by the BQIGSA with respect to the other
measuring cycle’s algorithm. The best performance
of the improved WSN provides the best
performance and increases the life span of the
network.
 The drawbacks or limitation is observed
in the understanding of the operational
mode of each sensor. However, the
network requirements have been
improved.
 BQIGSA methods may lead to missing of
corrective solutions during iterations.
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
19

for your project
What is the Future work that set by the author
in Conclusion and Future work section
The research work focuses on determination of
individual sensor’s operational modes and also, to
improvement of the network’s energy
conservations. Extension of the network’s life
span is also taken into consideration and the
demonstration is application-specific. The
implementation of all the objectives are compared
to other methods, and are hence, provides a scope
to be used in the field of agriculture.
Optimization of WSN’s performance through the
implemented BQIGSA methods in the precision
agriculture has proposed a monitoring stage, to be
deployed in a farm. The improved BQIGSA has
demonstrated further benefits to energy
conservation and further, the choice of the method
being better than other approaches like BGA,
BPSO, QQIGSA and others. The results are
effective and improves the overall asked objectives.
The paper provides an improved Binary Quantum-
Inspired Gravitation Search Algorithm which
improves the energy savings of WSN under a
network and specified-requirements. The
following methods are important to be
implemented in the agricultural WSN applications
to deploy, collect and send corrective decisions to
the base stations. The gained knowledge from the
present research material could be implemented
and extended to feature both the energy savings
and fault detection of the wireless sensor
networks.
Diagram/Flowchart
Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal Paper that the author selected and improve it (State of art of his work))
M.F. Othman, K. Shazali, Wireless sensor network applications: A study in environment monitoring system, Procedia Engi. 41 (2014) 1204–1210.
T. Ojha, S. Misra, N.S. Raghuwanshi, Wireless sensor networks for agriculture: The state-of-the-art in practice and future challenges, Comp. Electr. Agric. 118
(2015) 66–86.
X.H. Han, X.M. Chang, L. Quan, X.Y. Xiong, J.X. Li, Zh.X. Zhang, Y. Liu, Feature subset selection by gravitational search algorithm optimization, Inform. Sci. 281
(2014) 128–146.
Citation that will be in the content
20

Othman and Shazali, 2014
Ojha, Misra and Raghuwanshi, 2015
Han et al., 2014
21

Version 2.0 _ Week 2
1
Reference in APA format that will be in
'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal
Paper you are working on it)
Muangprathub, J., Boonnam, N., Kajornkasirat, S., Lekbangpong, N., Wanichsombat, A., & Nillaor, P. (2019).
IoT and agriculture data analysis for smart farm. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 156, 467-474.
Citation that will be in the content (Muangprathub et al., 2019)
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.compag.2018.12.011
Data mining
Knowledge discovery
Wireless sensor networks
Agriculture data analysis
Smart farm
IoTs
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...
etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that need to be solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name: Internet of
Things
Tools: Node Sensor and Soil Moisture
Sensor,
Problem:
Goal: To implement the IoT in the
agriculture for smart farming using the
concept of data mining.
1. Knowledge Discovery
2. Data mining
3. Wireless Sensor Network
4. Agriculture data analysis
5. Smart farm
6. IoT
22

Applied Area: Agriculture
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 The application of IoT are studied It helps in the data collection for the research
and also for the web services and the
applications based on the e-Science platforms
and cloud computing.
Difficulties in transportation due to
expensive logistics and product
perishability.
2 The real situation test area It helped to know the minimum amount of
equipment required for the particular area to
get an estimate for large areas.
N/A
3 Design and overview of the system This helps in the designing and
implementation of the sensors in the crop field
N/A
4 Data analysis of the agriculture It help to gather the knowledge about the area
in which the system is to be implemented.
N/A
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Knowledge discovery Internet of Things
Data Mining Wireless Network System
Agriculture data analysis
23

Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
The data that is taken
as the input in the
report is the
agriculture field and
the implementation
process of the IoT in
farming.
The IoT was applied in
the agriculture to
increase the crop
fields and to improve
the quality of the crop
and reduce the cost.
The main objective of this project is to improve the
quality of the crops and to minimize the hard work
of the farmer and to also to minimize the cost of the
crops. The implementation process is very effective
and will get very good results.
The limitation of this research is that it is very
time consuming and also has many number of
steps that are to be followed for good results.
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project
What is the Future work that set by the author
in Conclusion and Future work section
The research is based on the implementation of
the IoT in the agriculture. This research has taken
step for solving the problem that are related to the
farming using the concept of IoT. It discusses
about the challenges that are faced in the
agriculture and how to overcome this problem.
The system has three parts hardware, web
application and mobile application. The first part
was designed to implement in the control box. The
second part was based on the development of a web
application. Lastly there was a mobile application
through which the watering of the plants is to be
done in a controlled manner.
The results of this research clearly shows that the
implementation of the IoT in farming sector is
very beneficial. This study shows it has high
potential for the digital technology application in
the agriculture.
Diagram/Flowchart
24

Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal Paper that the author selected and improve it (State of art of his work))
Pang, Z., Chen, Q., Han, W., Zheng, L., 2015. Value-centric design of the internet-of things
solution for food supply Chain: value creation, sensor portfolio and information fusion.
Inform. Syst. Front. 17, 289–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-012-9374-9.
Tripathy, A.K., Adinarayana, J., Vijayalakshmi, K., Merchant, S.N., Desai, U.B., Ninomiya, S.,
Kiura, T., 2014. Knowledge discovery and Leaf Spot dynamics of groundnut crop through
wireless sensor network and data mining techniques. Comput. Electron. Agric. 107,
104–114
Ndzi, D.L., Harun, A., Ramli, F.M., Kamarudin, M.L., Zakaria, A., Shakaff, A.Y.M., Farook, R.S.,
2014. Wireless sensor network coverage measurement and planning in mixed crop farming.
Comput. Electron. Agric. 105, 83–94.
Citation that will be in the content
Pang et al., 2015
Tripathy et al.,2014
Ndzi et al., 2014
25

2
Reference in APA format that will be in
'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal
Paper you are working on it)
Shi, B., Sreeram, V., Zhao, D., Duan, S., & Jiang, J. (2018). A wireless sensor network-based monitoring
system for freshwater fishpond aquaculture. Biosystems engineering, 172, 57-66.
Citation that will be in the content (Shi et al., 2018)
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.biosystemseng.2018.05.016
Wireless sensor network
Aquaculture
Dissolved oxygen
Energy-saving
Monitoring
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...
etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that need to be solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name: Designing
WSN and strategies to energy savings.
Tools: Wireless sensor network, tree
topology
Applied Area: Cable intelligent systems
Problem: Elimination of involved
disadvantages to Cabled intelligent systems
in aquaculture.
Goal: To eliminate the disadvantages and
design WSN to improve energy savings and
reliability.
The process is divided into three steps:
1) Designing the wireless sensor unit
2) Strategies to energy savings
3) Requirements and methods
26

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 Topology and hardware description of the WSN
are evaluated. The topologies (star, tree and
mesh) are recorded on packet loss rates for
different intervals.
Comparison and display of the packet loss
rates are achievable. Assessment of different
interval consumed by different topologies are
obtained.
N/A
2 Dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature
of water are recorded, using four sensor nodes
(DS18B20, DO-954A, 2 x DS18B20).
Verification of WSN system’s effects during
the transmission of data among the routing
nodes. Also, visualizing the forwarded
gateway node.
N/A
3 Supply of energy to the nodes, using four 3000
mAh NaNfu AA batteries, in a series
combination for providing 6V to each node.
Validation of the energy savings strategies. N/A
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Monitoring Wireless Sensor Network
Energy -saving
Aquaculture
Dissolved oxygen
27

Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
Three topologies
under sensor
nodes(sending 200
packets to each (8
bit/data)). ;
Sensor transmitting
data to parent routing
node and forwarding
to gateway node;
Supplying current of
6V to each node.
Star network has
highest rate of packet
loss, however tree
network is most
reliable;
Do-concentration
decreases the
threshold;
The current work features an intelligent solution to
the complexities of data measurement, structures
and transmission of cable intelligent systems. The
aim of the work was to provide the reliable system
which would mitigate the complications. The
respective methods which were implemented, are
dependable and the approach is demonstrated in a
clean method. Also, the importance of inheriting
tree topology among others and calculating accurate
temperature for fishes are also maintained. Energy
savings solutions are additionally accurate.
The current solution is appropriate, however, is
time-consuming. Also, performance of the sensory
nodes can be improved as the average percentage
was recorded to be really low.
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project
What is the Future work that set by the author
in Conclusion and Future work section
The current research by (Shi et al., 2018) has
preseneted an intelligent WSN-based monitoring
system which measures the environmental
variables (water temperature and DO
concentration). The paper also demonstrates the
The evaluation of the following research methods
have shown the importance of using different
topologies (star, mesh and tree) , further recording
and efficient monitoring of water temperature are
evaluated.
The research work has broaden the knowledge of
the readers with respect to configuring a cable
intelligent system, which can be made in a reliable
and affordable method.
Future work can be focused on implementing
multi-functions on the system and also, improving
28

hardware, topology and software requirements.
The results are demonstrated according to the
observations, which critically met the
requirements of the research..
the energy savings, water temperature and DO-
concentration of a three dimensional fishpond’s
space. Solar energy’s usage might replace the
wastage of AA batteries.
Diagram/Flowchart
Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal Paper that the author selected and improve it (State of art of his work))
Cario, G., Casavola, A., Lupia, P. G. M., Petrioli, C., & Spaccini, D. (2017). Long lasting underwater wireless sensors network for water quality monitoring in
fish farms. In OCEANS 2017- Aberdeen (pp. 1e6). IEEE.
Andrewartha, S., Elliott, N., McCulloch, J., & Frappell, P. (2016). Aquaculture sentinels: smart-farming with biosensor equipped stock. Journal of Aquaculture
Research and Development, 7(393), 10e4172.
Basagni, S., Petrioli, C., Petroccia, R., & Spaccini, D. (2015). Carp: a channel-aware routing protocol for underwater acoustic wireless networks. Ad Hoc
Networks, 34, 92e104.
Citation that will be in the content
Cario et al.,2017
Andrewartha et al.,2016
Basagni et al., 2015
3
Reference in APA format that will be in
'Reference List'
Rajput, A., & Kumaravelu, V. B. (2019). Scalable and Sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks for Agricultural
Application of Internet of Things using Fuzzy-C Means Algorithm. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and
Systems.
29

(This give the Reference of the Journal
Paper you are working on it)
Citation that will be in the content Rajput and Kumaravelu, 2019
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.suscom.2019.02.003
Fuzzy c-means (FCM)
Half of the nodes dead (HND)
Internet of things (IoT)
Perceived probability
Scalability
Sustainable wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...
etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that need to be solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name: Cost
effective clustering algorithm; Fuzzy c-
means algorithm
Tools: Wireless sensory nodes,
MATLAB R2016a.
Applied Area: Precision agriculture.
Problem:
Goal: Is to design a cost effective clustering
algorithm for energy efficient sustainability
of WSN. Also maximum node density and
coverage area are undertaken.
The objectives/stages of the proposed work are:
1) Optimize energy efficiency by reduction of
transmission difference using fuzzy c-means
clustering algorithm.
2) Selection of suitable cluster head node (CHN)
according to the attained network’s probability of
scalability.
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
30

Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 The overall functionality of FCM algorithm is
proposed through clustering (Cluster formation
utilizing FCM).
The idea of clustering measures the
algorithm’s validity for execution in the
following step.
N/A
2 CHN selection using perceived probability
model
The consideration of node’s probability is
measured. The indication of number of nodes
in the zone (moderate) are also calculated.
N/A
3 Computational complexity of the proposed
algorithm is analysed
The objective function is calculated. Also, the
proposed algorithms complexity as WSN
under constrained network is handled.
N/A
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Half of the nodes dead (HND) Fuzzy c-means (FCM)
Perceived probability Internet of things (IoT)
Scalability Sustainable wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
31

Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
Comparison to
LEACH, DCCEERS
and DCHSM with
respect to LND,
HND, FND, alive
nodes, first dead notes
and LND.
Algorithm is
represented using
MATLAB R2016a tool.
Simulation results in
accordance to
different distances
are visualized in a
graphical method.
The research work has implemented suitable
algorithms according to the precision agriculture’s
requirement to scalability, lifetime propagation and
coverage. Moreover, the research has met its
objectives.
The research algorithm does not monitor the
WSN operation in IoT applications.
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project
What is the Future work that set by the author
in Conclusion and Future work section
The current research by Rajput and Kumaravelu
(2019) has provided deep insights on the energy
efficiency and scalability clustering algorithm in
the precise agricultural application for large IoT
systems. Moreover, the use of FCM algorithm has
provided an energy efficient and scalable
solution.
The implementation of FCM algorithm to build
clusters (optimal) has undertaken inputs to node
locations and cluster numbers. The estimation of
centre points for better structure are evaluated.
Moreover, the results are considerable enough to
form enhanced clusters for enhanced network
lifetime. All the criterions are achieved.
The current research has provided multiple
knowledge of performing precision agricultural
implementation using algorithm of fuzzy c–means.
Future work will extend the current work to
implement the algorithm in mobile nodes and gain
more flexibility in multiple farming operations.
Diagram/Flowchart
32

Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal Paper that the author selected and improve it (State of art of his work))
J.A. Stankovic, Research directions for the Internet of things, IEEE Internet Things J. 1 (1) (2014) 3–9.
M. Robert, J. Curry, S. Cole, A survey of optimization algorithms for wireless sensor network lifetime maximization, Comput. Ind. Eng. 101 (2016) 145–166.
T. Dan, G. Laura, T. Nicolae, Radio transceiver consumption modelling for multi-hop wireless sensor networks, UPB Sci. Bull. 75 (1) (2013)
Citation that will be in the content
(Stankovic, 2014)
(Robert, Curry and Cole, 2016)
(Dan, Laura and Nicolae, 2013)
4
Reference in APA format that will be in
'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal
Paper you are working on it)
Bapat, V., Kale, P., Shinde, V., Deshpande, N., & Shaligram, A. (2017). WSN application for crop protection to
divert animal intrusions in the agricultural land. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 133, 88-96.
Citation that will be in the content Bapat et al., 2017
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2016.12
.007
WSN application
Crop protection
Animal intrusions
33

The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...
etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that need to be solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name: Crop
protection system
Tools: Arduino MEGA 2560 dev; Intel
Galileo; 405nM LASER diode; HCSR-
501; MATLAB for GUI; XBEE S1
module; Buzzer; Rechargeable battery;
High power LED (optional).
Applied Area: Agricultural land
Problem: Wild animals intrude and affect
farm lands.
Goal: Detection of animals, through a
production of WSN application for crop
protection and diverting animals.
Sequence of the nodes follow:
1) Location
2) Time
3) Proximity
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 Field layout and wireless sensor networks are
placed at the corners, utilizing laser sensor to
assist perimeter guiding.
The process will detect intrusion of animals. N/A
2 The centrally located Base station node uses
several wireless sensors.
Entry point and the vicinity of the animal are
recorded.
N/A
3 PIR sensors are placed. It further transmits
sound waves.
This deviates the animals, out to a buffer zone. N/A
4
5
34

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Crop protection WSN application
Animal intrusions
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
Testing through four
mobile nodes, one
central Galileo and
one boundary node,
on a 1 x 1m board,
and also on, open 8 x
8 m open terrace.
The system activated
as soon as the robot
animal entered the
field. Moreover, the
GUI observed and
shown the activity
process.
The feature of the work is well-balanced. Animal
intrusion is a massive problem to farmers, thus the
system is developed to mitigate such problems. The
use of PIR and other sensors have been accounted
to requirement. Moreover, the system is cost
effective and easily installed, and the inheriting the
technology also would not harm animals during the
whole act.
The proposed system may function defectively
due to any disturbance in the light’s alignment.
Thus, it may not alert the entry, in such situation.
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project
What is the Future work that set by the author
35

in Conclusion and Future work section
The current research by Bapat et al., 2017,
proposes a model on deployement of crop
protection system using WSN for diversion of
animals from intruding into farmlands. The
effectiveness of the system has been tested, and
validation of the system has been scrutinicized.
Moreover, the research is evaluated at night time,
while sunlight have been observed to have
negative impact on the system. Moreover, the
system is dependable enough to be implemented.
A frame format for communication to the involved
notes are processed for the sake of reliability. The
system deploys mesh networking and random
deployment, random source pattern, random
activation and selective sleep. Here, the evaluation
is processed under allocation of a central node and
visibility through the GUI.
The current research work provides knowledge of
the techniques that can be utilized to detect and
diverse unwanted animals from the farmlands.
Moreover, the use of sensor nodes and different
tools like Arduino, Motion sensor and others,
provide a new way of understanding the extensive
implementation of the tools.
Future work can be evaluated to feature a solar
power charging central node, and also the
introduction of sleep modes. The extra guarding
load can also be reduced.
Diagram/Flowchart
Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal Paper that the author selected and improve it (State of art of his work))
Awathi, B., Singh, N.B., 2015. Status of human-wildlife conflict and assessment of crop damage by wild animals in Gaurishankar conservation area, Nepal. J.
Inst. Sci. Technol. 20 (1), 107–111.
Felemban, E., 2013. Advanced border intrusion detection and surveillance using wireless sensor network technology. Int. J. Commun., Netw. Syst. Sci. 6,
251– 259
Foster, A., Rosenzweig, M., Behrman, J., 2000. Population Income and Forest Growth: Management of Village Common Land in India. Brown University.
Citation that will be in the content
36

Awathi and Singh, 2015
Felemband, 2013
Foster, Rosenzweig and Behrman, 2000
5
Reference in APA format that will be in
'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal
Paper you are working on it)
Nam, W. H., Kim, T., Hong, E. M., Choi, J. Y., & Kim, J. T. (2017). A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
application for irrigation facilities management based on Information and Communication Technologies
(ICTs). Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 143, 185-192.
Citation that will be in the content Nam et al. 2017
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.compag.2017.10.007
Information and Communication Technologies
(ICTs)
Irrigation facilities
Quick Response code (QR code)
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
Irrigation water management
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that need to be solved
What are the components of it?
37

etc )
Technique/Algorithm name: Wireless
Sensor Network system
Tools: WSN, RFID and ICT
Applied Area: Irrigation facilities
Problem: The problem is that is referred in
the research is that the irrigation facility
management that faces critical limitation.
Goal: The goal of this report is to
implement the WSN application in the
irrigation facility to improve the irrigation
system
Information and Communication Technologies
(ICTs)
Irrigation facilities
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
Irrigation water management
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 Integration identification code for the irrigation
facilities management
Helps to manage the irrigation facilities in a
smoother way.
N/A
2 The designing of the identification function. It helps to identify the objects automatically by
electronic devices and to facilitate the
identification.
N/A
3 Designing of the information system for the
irrigation facilities management.
It is an efficient for the irrigation facility if it
includes WSN that uses ICTs.
N/A
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
Irrigation facilities Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
38

Irrigation water management
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
The identification
method, RFID tags
and the QR codes are
taken as the input.
The installation,
application and
evaluation of the
information system of
the irrigation facilities
is the output of the
research
The operation result of the demonstration of the
applicability of the ICTs for the information system
of the irrigation facilities.
The limitation of this research is that many
researchers have dealt with the problem of the
allocation of a limited water supply for irrigation,
including studies of wireless sensor network to
optimize irrigation water management.
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project
What is the Future work that set by the author
in Conclusion and Future work section
The research is based on the implementation of
the application of the WSN in the irrigation
facilities and the challenges that are faced during
the implementation of the WSN. It also provide
solution for the improvement of the irrigation
facilities.
The evaluation is done on the basis of the result of
the verification error detecting the facilities. It is
also evaluated on the basis of an information
system of irrigation facilities management using
WSN that utilizes RFID and QR code technology
The research is done for the improvement of the
irrigation facilities of the agriculture. The future
work that can be done is that it can be applied for
a large scale area and increase the RFID of the
WSN.
39

Diagram/Flowchart
Reference in APA format that will be in 'Reference List'
(This give the Reference of the Journal Paper that the author selected and improve it (State of art of his work))
Watras, C.J., Morrow, M., Morrison, K., Scannell, S., Yaziciaglu, S., Read, J.S., Hu, Y.H.,
Hanson, P.C., Kratz, T., 2014. Evaluation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for
remote wetland monitoring: design and initial results. Environ. Monit. Assess. 186,919–934.
Nam, W.H., Kim, T., Choi, J.Y., Kim, J.T., 2011. Wireless sensor network development
using RFID for agricultural water management. In: American Society of Agricultural
and Biological Engineers, Annual International Meeting 2011, Louisville, KY, United
States.
Fernandes, M.A., Matos, S.G., Peres, E., Cunha, C.R., Lopez, J.A., Ferreira, P.J.S.G., Reis,
M.J.C.S., Morais, R., 2013. A framework for wireless sensor networks management
for precision viticulture and agriculture based on IEEE 1451 standard. Comput.
Electron. Agric. 95, 19–30.
Citation that will be in the content
Watras et al.,2014
Nam et al., 2011
Fernandes et al., 2013
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41