Review on Eukaryotic Chromatin Remodeling

Running head: REVIEW ON CHROMATIN REMODELING
REVIEW ON CHROMATIN REMODELING
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REVIEW ON EUKARYOTIC CHROMATIN REMODELLING
1
Answer 1
Chromatin is a form of genetic material that is composed of DNA, RNA, and protein. It is
a complex mainly of DNA and histone that is commonly observed in eukaryotic cells (1). These
genetic substances condense and help to form chromosomes at the time of cell division.
Chromatin is generally located in the nucleus of a cell. Chromatin shows an essential role in
different biological procedures to take place, such as DNA transcription, replication, and cell
division, genetic recombination, and also in DNA repair.
Chromatin remodeling is the process of chromatin reorganization from a condensed form
to a genetically effective way permitting different DNA binding proteins and transcription
factors to regulate gene expression. Several studies have shown that if the chromatin remains in
this condensed state, it is quite challenging to access the DNA. Therefore, specifically in
eukaryotic cells, some genes cannot be expressed since RNA polymerase, and the proteins
known as transcription factors are not able to regulate the DNA. Hence, the chromatins must
open to express the gene, and this opening procedure is known as chromatin remodeling that
plays a significant role in proper cell functioning (2).
Answer 2
Types of chromatin remodeling complexes: There are two different types of chromatin
remodeling: the first category involves protein complexes that alter the chromatin structure by
transforming the histone protein. The second category includes molecular motors that are ATP-
dependent remodeling factors. Four ATP-dependent remodeling complexes are present in
eukaryotic cells. They are Mi-2, ISWI, SWI/SNF, and Ino8o.