Rise of STIs in Hispanics in US

Running head: RISE OF STIs IN HISPANICS IN US 1
Annotated Bibliography on the Rise of STIs in Hispanics in US

RISE OF STIs IN HISPANICS IN US 2
Introduction
The following annotated bibliography will highlight the rate of sexually transmitted
infections (STIs) in the Hispanic Population and the impact on their physical and mental health
within US. The sources comprise of the journal articles on the rate of STIs in the Hispanic
Population in the US. These justify the breadth and scope of topic, the methodologies and
theories used in the articles. The selected journal articles are taken according to the type of
research conducted in them to derive appropriate results of the topic. The articles having
qualitative, quantitative and mixed research methods have been selected to write an annotated
bibliography on them. The rise of sexually transmitted diseases have been evident from various
studies conducted which suggest that racial disparities continue to persist among the Hispanic
groups when compared to any other race or ethnicity. The following research will try to identify
the immediate cause, factors and effects of such a rise in the rate of sexually STIs among
Hispanics in comparison to whites or blacks in the Unites States.
Quantitative Research Articles
Article 1
Bird, Y., Solis, L. H., & Mbonu, C. A. (2016). Sexual attitudes, norms, condom use, and
adherence of Hispanic and non-Hispanic undergraduate students: a cross-sectional study
of three community colleges in southwestern US. Patient preference and adherence, 10,
1501. DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S108688
Summary
The authors of this article have conducted a study to measure the rate of sexually
transmitted infections and the related factors that leads to risk of getting STIs among the

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Hispanic population residing in southwestern USA. According to the study, the leading cause of
morbidity and mortality among the Hispanic youths is directly connected to their sexual
behaviors. Majority of them are unaware of the right use of protection and contraception leading
to engaging into high risk sexual behavior. In this study it has been clearly identified that USA
serves as one of the highest rate of STIs and other associated risks among the youth which
mostly comprise of the Hispanics and the black Americans. The objective of the research was to
understand the sexual attitudes and the rate of adherence of the protection measures by the
Hispanic and non-Hispanic college students in southwestern USA.
Analysis
The study has utilized a quantitative method identifying answers to the objective. The
study took place in three college campuses in the South Western region of US. Since majority of
people residing in those areas were Hispanic, their living conditions where which demanded
better health facilities. A total of 234 students were selected from three different colleges out of
which 63.2% were female and 50% were Hispanic having an average age of 23.5 years. In order
to validate taken, the study has utilized the sexual risk behavior beliefs and self-efficacy
instrument. With this instrument a survey was conducted among the three participating colleges.
Application
The survey included with questions with regards to the demographic of the students and
questions on their attitudes about sexual contact and their perception on using protection sexual
contact. The responses were recorded with the help of a Likert scale. A pilot study validated the
credibility of the responses. It was analyzed that majority of the students or 91% of the students
were sexually active. Whereas 95% of them were in favor of using protection during sexual

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intercourse. With regards to the attitudes about sexual intercourse and use of protection, 47.4%
not comfortable active before a certain age, while 83.33% felt that it was normal to sex at their
age which suggests that carried the attitude of having sex with the same partner as compared to
others. The results indicate that the Hispanics never abstain from being sexually active.
However, the result show that Hispanic women were aware and use of healthy practices of
contraception compared to Hispanic males.
Conclusion
From the above data collected in the research, it can be concluded that attitudes play an
important role among the youth with regards to knowing their reasons for sexual desires and
awareness of safe sexual practices. Even though the local government is trying to make progress,
there is still a gap between engaging in sexual activities and the awareness of it which is more
likely to be affecting the Hispanics with higher rate of unwanted pregnancies and STIs. The need
of awareness and health programs must be included to meet the needs of the understudied
population at risk.
Article 2
Allen, J. E., Mansergh, G., Mimiaga, M. J., Holman, J., & Herbst, J. H. (2017). Mobile Phone
and Internet Use Mostly for Sex-Seeking and Associations with Sexually Transmitted
Infections and Sample Characteristics among Black/African American and
Hispanic/Latino Men who have Sex with Men in Three US Cities. Sexually transmitted
diseases, 44(5), 284. DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000590
Summary