Risk Assessment Report: Environment, Fire, Explosion

This report is a risk assessment for a process plant design and operation, analyzing environmental, fire, and explosion hazards and providing measures to eliminate possible hazards. The report includes a risk matrix and evaluates the probability, consequences, and risk value of each hazard. The report recommends cost-efficient safeguards for mitigation of threats along with linked vulnerabilities.

Running head: RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk Assessment Report: Environment, Fire, Explosion
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:

1RISK ASSESSMENT
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................2
2.0 Risk assessment.........................................................................................................................2
2.1 Identification of the environmental, fire and explosion hazards...........................................2
2.2 Assess and prioritize the risk.................................................................................................5
2.3 Probability, consequences and risk value..............................................................................9
3.0 Hazard priority setting.............................................................................................................12
4.0 HAZOP method.......................................................................................................................14
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations..........................................................................................17
5.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................17
5.2 Recommendations................................................................................................................18
References......................................................................................................................................19
Appendix........................................................................................................................................22
Risk analysis..............................................................................................................................22

2RISK ASSESSMENT
1.0 Introduction
The report is based on risk assessment for the process plant design and operation. The
plant design is considered towards safety in operations of the process plant. This paper also
determines to analyze environmental, fire and explosion hazards with covering the issues and
measures to eliminate the possible hazards into the plant. Haugen et al., (2018) stated that risk
assessment is used to describe entire process and methods where there is required to identify the
hazard as well as risk factors which have potential to cause the harms. There is required of
analyze in addition to evaluate the risks which are associated with the identified hazards.
Abimbola, Khan and Khakzad (2014) discussed that risk assessment is required to identify as
well as analyze of potential events which are negatively provide an impact on the individuals as
well as assets.
The purpose of risk assessment report is to evaluate competence of the environmental,
fire and explosion hazards. It provides with a structured qualitative assessment of operational
environments of plant. The assessment is recommended of cost efficient safeguards for
mitigation of threats along with linked vulnerabilities. Risk analysis is done by identification of
various hazards, consideration of consequences, and risk value. It is also evaluated probabilities
and consequences of the possible hazards.
2.0 Risk assessment
2.1 Identification of the environmental, fire and explosion hazards
Following are the environmental, fire and explosion hazards which are caused into the
process plant such as:

3RISK ASSESSMENT
Fire and explosion hazards: Fire is a common hazard into the process plant as well as
operations as it is caused when proper maintenance of the alarms and detectors are not done
properly. The factors which are caused of fire hazards are failure of electrical equipments,
improper handling of the raw materials into the process plant and carelessness from the operator
side into the plant site (Modarres, Kaminskiy, & Krivtsov, 2016). The plant has consisted of
chemical damage system as well as other equipments which are caused of loss of containment,
explosions. The hackers may hack the fire alarm system and create of various false alarms which
could render unreliable. As fire alarm system is required to protect life as well as property,
therefore it causes of critical hazards into the organization (Modarres, 2016). When a fire starts
at the plant, then it puts risks on the expensive equipments, safety of the workers, and also
environment. Arson may often cause into the process plant buildings, which would put entire
plant on fire. Therefore, in order to control this hazard, fire protection guidelines are to be
followed such as “NFPA 30, API RP 2001, API Publ 2218”. The explosion caused into the
process plant is a worst case of result of fire, which will damage the entire plant, and there is
catastrophic release of the energy which are causing of pressure wave.
Environmental hazards: The environment of process plant is consisted of both internal
along with external surrounding of the plant. The environmental factors are bunds, fences,
drainage, and safety of the operators, emissions from the process plant and waste products from
the plant (Smith, 2017). Into the process plant as well as operation, there are waste products
which are come from the plant as output and caused damage to the entire environment. It is
caused environmental pollution due to waste disposal and hazardous gases. The waste materials
are contaminated the raw materials and provided a negative effect on the final products (Pidgeon
et al., 2018). Those wastes can affect the staffs working into the process plant and also cause

4RISK ASSESSMENT
tragic health complications. The adverse environment is affected of chlorofluorocarbons. Into the
process plant, the chemicals are being involved which cause damage to the operators, plant and
also public. The plant is handled of acids which provide a high impact on the environment
surrounding to the process plant (Larsson, 2015). The environment becomes dusty, hot or cold,
and therefore the plant operator should take of appropriate protective gear. Emissions from the
plant, odors in addition to by-products pose the health risks by pollution of the surrounded
environment. The gases and fumes from the process plant caused air pollution that may affect
both plant as well as animals surrounded the environment.
Operational hazards: The employees those are working into the organization are
unsatisfied with the jobs and they become disgruntled. It leads to certain type of the employee’s
sabotage. The employees are angry on the management team and their organizational procedures
which began to slack their efforts (Aven, 2016). There are malicious attract through social media
where the hackers can steal the confidential information. In social media threat, when the
attacker can compromise the social networking site by means of malicious code, then the visitor
to the site is susceptible to the attack (Farsalinos & Polosa, 2014). It would compromise the
computers those are gathering of personal information and other confidential information related
to the process plant. There is possibility of plane crash on the plant, so that entire plant should
damage and it would affect entire business operations of the plant (Bahr, 2014). There is
possibility of loss of vital data of the organization so that all important and confidential data
related to the organizational privacy are lost when it is stolen by any other third party person or
organizations.

5RISK ASSESSMENT
2.2 Assess and prioritize the risk
Type of
hazard
Factors Details of factors Nature
of risk
Likeliho
od
Consequ
ence
Environ
mental
hazard
Emissions
from the
process plant
The adverse environment is affected
due to emission of
chlorofluorocarbons.
High or
tolerable
risk
Possible Moderate
Waste products
from the plant
Emissions from the plant, odors in
addition to by-products pose the health
risks by pollution of the surrounded
environment
Extreme
or
intolerabl
e risk
Possible Major
Fire and
explosio
n
hazard
Improper
maintenance of
the alarms and
detectors
When the fire alarms and detectors are
not maintained properly by the process
plant operator.
Moderate
or
tolerable
risk
Unlikely Moderate
Failure of
electrical
equipments
The entire process plant is worked
based on the electrical work, therefore
when there is any failure of the
equipments, and then there is
possibility of explosions into the plant.
High or
tolerable
risk
Likely Minor
Improper
handling of the
raw materials
into the process
The raw materials which are used into
the process plant are not maintained
properly and all the equipments are
back dated which are caused of fire and
Moderate
or
tolerable
Unlikely Moderate

6RISK ASSESSMENT
plant explosion risks. risk
Carelessness
from the
operator side
into the plant
site
Lack of care of the plant equipments
and fire alarming system are caused of
hazards into the process plant
(Esmaeili, Hallowell, & Rajagopalan,
2015).
Low or
negligibl
e risk
Unlikely Minor
Cyber attack to
disable fire
alarm
The hackers may hack the fire alarm
system and create of various false
alarms which could render unreliable
Moderate
or
tolerable
risk
Unlikely Moderate
Arson Arson may often cause into the process
plant buildings, which would put entire
plant on fire (Adeleye et al., 2015).
Low or
negligibl
e risk
Rare Minor
Operati
onal
hazards
Sabotage by a
disgruntled
former
employee
The employees are angry on the
management team and their
organizational procedures which began
to slack their efforts.
Moderate
or
tolerable
risk
Possible Minor
Malicious
attract through
social media
The attacker can compromise the social
networking site by means of malicious
code, and then the visitor to the site is
susceptible to the attack (Sarkar,
Vinay, & Maiti, 2016).
Moderate
or
tolerable
risk
Unlikely Moderate
Plane crash on The entire plant should damage and it Low or Rare Insignific

7RISK ASSESSMENT
the plant would affect entire business operations
of the plant.
negligibl
e risk
ant
Loss of vital
data
The confidential data related to the
organizational privacy are lost and
stolen by third party organizations
(Aven, 2016).
Extreme
or
intolerabl
e risk
Possible Major
Consequences
Likelihood Insignific
ant
Minor Moderate Major Catastr
ophic
Almost certain
Likely Failure of
electrical
equipments
Possible Sabotage by
a disgruntled
former
employee
Emissions from the process
plant
Waste
products
from the
plant
Loss of
vital data
Unlikely Carelessness
from the
operator side
into the plant
site
Improper maintenance of
the alarms and detectors,
Improper handling of the
raw materials into the
process plant,
Cyber attack to disable fire
alarm
Malicious attract through
social media
Rare Plane
crash on
the plant
Arson
Table 1: Risk matrix (likelihood-consequences)
From the above table, it is analysed that the factors of both environmental as well as fire
and explosion hazards are assessed based on risk priority such as:

8RISK ASSESSMENT
Type of hazard Factors Nature of risk Risk priority
Environmental hazard Emissions from the
process plant
High or tolerable risk Attention is required
Waste products from
the plant
Extreme or intolerable
risk
Immediate actions are
required.
Fire and explosion
hazard
Improper maintenance
of the alarms and
detectors
Moderate or tolerable
risk
Responsibility must
require specifying.
Failure of electrical
equipments
High or tolerable risk Attention is required
Improper handling of
the raw materials into
the process plant
Moderate or tolerable
risk
Responsibility must
require specifying (Suter,
2016).
Carelessness from the
operator side into the
plant site
Low or negligible risk Manage by the routine
procedures.
Cyber attack to disable
fire alarm
Moderate or tolerable
risk
Responsibility must
require specifying
(Reason, 2016).
Arson Low or negligible risk Manage by the routine

9RISK ASSESSMENT
procedures.
Operational hazard Sabotage by a
disgruntled former
employee
Moderate or tolerable
risk
Responsibility must
require specifying
(Dalezios, 2017).
Malicious attract
through social media
Moderate or tolerable
risk
Responsibility must
require specifying.
Plane crash on the
plant
Low or negligible risk Manage by the routine
procedures (Ericson,
2015).
Loss of vital data Extreme or intolerable
risk
Immediate actions are
required.
2.3 Probability, consequences and risk value
Type of
hazard
Factors Probability Consequences Risk value
Environment
al hazard
Emissions from the process
plant
Occasional
(4)
Moderate
(3)
4*3 = 12
Waste products from the plant Frequent
(5)
Major
(4)
5*4= 20
Fire and
explosion
Improper maintenance of the
alarms and detectors
Remote Moderate
(3)
3*3 = 9

10RISK ASSESSMENT
hazard (3)
Failure of electrical equipments Unlikely
(2)
Minor
(2)
2*2= 4
Improper handling of the raw
materials into the process plant
Occasional
(4)
Moderate
(3)
4*3= 12
Carelessness from the operator
side into the plant site
(Lundgren & McMakin, 2018)
Remote
(3)
Minor
(2)
3*2= 6
Cyber attack to disable fire
alarm
Remote
(3)
Moderate
(3)
3*3 = 9
Arson Rare
(1)
Insignificant
(1)
1*1= 1
Operational
hazard
Sabotage by a disgruntled
former employee
Remote
(3)
Minor
(2)
3*2= 6
Malicious attract through social
media
Occasional
(4)
Minor
(2)
4*2= 8
Plane crash on the plant Rare
(1)
Insignificant
(1)
1*1= 1
Loss of vital data Remote Moderate 3*3 = 9

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(3) (3)
Consequences
Probability Insignificant
(1)
Minor
(2)
Moderate
(3)
Major
(4)
Catastroph
ic
(5)
Frequent
(5)
Waste
products
from the
plant
Occasional
(4)
Malicious
attract through
social media
Emissions from
the process plant,
Improper handling
of the raw
materials into the
process plant
Remote
(3)
Carelessness
from the
operator side
into the plant
site
Sabotage by a
disgruntled
former
employee
Improper
maintenance of the
alarms and
detectors
Cyber attack to
disable fire alarm
Loss of vital data
Unlikely
(2)
Failure of
electrical
equipments
Rare
(1)
Arson
Plane crash on
the plant
Table 2: Risk matrix (probability-consequences)
From the above table, it is seen that the highest risk is waste products from the process
plant which are required to be mitigated on time so that it does not harm both internal as well as

12RISK ASSESSMENT
external environment of process plant so that environmental hazards are to be prevented to occur
(Kokangül, Polat, & Dagsuyu, 2017).
3.0 Hazard priority setting
Very likely-
could happen at
any time
Likely- could
happen
sometime
Unlikely- could
happen but very
rarely
Very unlikely-
could happen
but probably
never will
Emissions from
the process plant
1 1 2 5
Waste products
from the plant
1 1 4 5
Improper
maintenance of
the alarms and
detectors
1 2 2 5
Failure of
electrical
equipments
1 1 3 4
Improper
handling of the
raw materials
1 3 4 5

13RISK ASSESSMENT
into the process
plant
Carelessness
from the operator
side into the
plant site
1 2 5 4
Cyber attack to
disable fire
alarm
1 1 2 4
Arson 1 4 3 5
Sabotage by a
disgruntled
former employee
1 1 4 5
Malicious attract
through social
media
1 3 5 5
Plane crash on
the plant
2 4 3 4
Loss of vital data 1 1 2 5

14RISK ASSESSMENT
From the above table, it is analysed that among all the operational, environmental and fire
and explosion risks, most extreme risks and that should be taken at highest priority are fire and
explosion risks (Flin & Arbuthnot, 2017). Those risks are mitigated on time before it provides
any effect on the business operations of the process plant.
4.0 HAZOP method
Hazard and operability study is proper examination of the existing processes or operation
to identify as well as evaluate the problems which represent of risks to the personnel along with
equipments (Bahr, 2014). The method is aimed to stimulate imagination of the participants for
identifying the potential hazards as well as operability issues.
Parameter Guidew
ord
Possible causes Consequen
ces
Action Safeguard
Hazardous
gases
High Emissions from
the process
plant
Moderate Follow of
environmental policies
and regulations
Environmental
rules
Wastage of
products
Too
high
Waste products
from the plant
Major All the products are
stored into secured
place so that it will not
come in contract with
the environment
(Thompson et al.,
2016).
Environmental
rules
Failure of Medium Improper Moderate Fire protection Fire alarm

15RISK ASSESSMENT
alarm system maintenance of
the alarms and
detectors
guidelines are to be
followed such as
“NFPA 30, API RP
2001”.
regulations
Failure of the
equipments
High Failure of
electrical
equipments
Minor All the electrical
equipments are to be
maintained by the
electrical staffs.
Environmental
rules
Lack of raw
materials
Medium Improper
handling of the
raw materials
into the process
plant
Moderate Proper management of
the raw materials are
required into the
process plant (Pasman,
Rogers, s& Mannan,
2017).
Environmental
rules
Lack of care
from the
operator site
Too low Carelessness
from the
operator side
into the plant
site
Minor The operator should
care about the plant
site.
Environmental
rules
Fire Medium Cyber attack to
disable fire
alarm
Moderate Proper security is
required so that the fire
alarm system should
not be hacked by third
Fire alarm
regulations

16RISK ASSESSMENT
party person.
Fire and
explosion
Too low Arson Minor Proper protection
guidelines are required
to be followed.
Fire alarm
regulations
Employee
dissatisfaction
Medium Sabotage by a
disgruntled
former
employee
Minor The management team
should provide proper
support to the
employee so that they
are not dissatisfied with
the jobs into the
organization (Adeleye
et al., 2015).
Operational rules
and regulations
Lack of
malicious code
Medium Malicious
attract through
social media
Moderate The social media site
should be kept with
proper password
protected so that no
other person can share
any confidential
information.
Operational rules
and regulations
Operational Too low Plane crash on
the plant
Insignifica
nt
The process plant
should provide proper
security services
Operational rules
and regulations

17RISK ASSESSMENT
around the plat so that
no plane may enter
within 1000 metre
radius of the plant.
Loss of data Too
high
Loss of vital
data
Major The data should be kept
two ways
authentication
protected such that
third party cannot
access to the data
(Modarres, Kaminskiy,
& Krivtsov, 2016).
Operational rules
and regulations
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Conclusion
It is concluded that into the process plant, there are mainly three types of hazards which
are occurred such as environmental risks, fire and explosion risks and also operational risks. The
risk management processes used to examine work area as well as work completed for purpose to
identify the hazards inherent to the job site. It is required to evaluate likelihood of the injuries
those are occurred along with there is estimation of severe the injuries are occurred. The analyst

18RISK ASSESSMENT
has used of risk matrix which is used to provide with guidance as whether the risks are
acceptable and required to address.
5.2 Recommendations
It is recommended that the process plant should provide with framework to design as well
as manage organizational health and safety guidelines so that all the hazards are to be mitigated
before it hampers the likelihood of adverse health effects of the workplace linked with the
injuries as well as exposures. The management team should involve with systematic approach to
identify as well as characterize the environmental, fire, explosion as well as operational hazards
to the individuals into the process plant environment.

19RISK ASSESSMENT
References
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drilling. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 30, 74-85.
Adeleye, Y., Andersen, M., Clewell, R., Davies, M., Dent, M., Edwards, S., ... & Scott, S.
(2015). Implementing Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century (TT21C): Making safety
decisions using toxicity pathways, and progress in a prototype risk
assessment. Toxicology, 332, 102-111.
Aven, T. (2016). Risk assessment and risk management: Review of recent advances on their
foundation. European Journal of Operational Research, 253(1), 1-13.
Bahr, N. J. (2014). System safety engineering and risk assessment: a practical approach. CRC
Press.
Dalezios, N. R. (Ed.). (2017). Environmental hazards methodologies for risk assessment and
management. IWA Publishing.
Ericson, C. A. (2015). Hazard analysis techniques for system safety. John Wiley & Sons.
Esmaeili, B., Hallowell, M. R., & Rajagopalan, B. (2015). Attribute-based safety risk
assessment. I: Analysis at the fundamental level. Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management, 141(8), 04015021.
Farsalinos, K. E., & Polosa, R. (2014). Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic
cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review. Therapeutic advances in
drug safety, 5(2), 67-86.

20RISK ASSESSMENT
Flin, R., & Arbuthnot, K. (2017). Incident command: Tales from the hot seat. Routledge.
Haugen, S., Barros, A., van Gulijk, C., Kongsvik, T., & Vinnem, J. E. (Eds.). (2018). Safety and
Reliability–Safe Societies in a Changing World: Proceedings of ESREL 2018, June 17-
21, 2018, Trondheim, Norway. CRC Press.
Kokangül, A., Polat, U., & Dağsuyu, C. (2017). A new approximation for risk assessment using
the AHP and Fine Kinney methodologies. Safety science, 91, 24-32
Larsson, O. (2015). Reliability analysis. LUND University.
Lundgren, R. E., & McMakin, A. H. (2018). Risk communication: A handbook for
communicating environmental, safety, and health risks. John Wiley & Sons.
Modarres, M. (2016). Risk analysis in engineering: techniques, tools, and trends. CRC press.
Modarres, M., Kaminskiy, M. P., & Krivtsov, V. (2016). Reliability engineering and risk
analysis: a practical guide. CRC press.
Pasman, H. J., Rogers, W. J., & Mannan, M. S. (2017). Risk assessment: What is it worth? Shall
we just do away with it, or can it do a better job?. Safety Science, 99, 140-155.
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21RISK ASSESSMENT
Information and Communication Technologies (ICCTICT), 2016 International
Conference on (pp. 439-444). IEEE.
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22RISK ASSESSMENT
Appendix
Risk analysis
Hazard Risk Priority Control
Environmental
hazard
Emissions from the process
plant
Attention is
required
Follow of environmental
policies and regulations
Environmental
hazard
Waste products from the
plant
Immediate actions
are required.
All the products are stored
into secured place so that it
will not come in contract
with the environment.
Fire and
explosion hazard
Improper maintenance of
the alarms and detectors
Responsibility
must require
specifying.
Fire protection guidelines are
to be followed such as
“NFPA 30, API RP 2001”.
Environmental
hazard
Failure of electrical
equipments
Attention is
required
All the electrical equipments
are to be maintained by the
electrical staffs.
Environmental
hazard
Improper handling of the
raw materials into the
process plant
Responsibility
must require
specifying.
Proper management of the
raw materials are required
into the process plant.
Environmental
hazard
Carelessness from the
operator side into the plant
site
Manage by the
routine procedures.
The operator should care
about the plant site.
Fire and
explosion hazard
Cyber attack to disable fire
alarm
Responsibility
must require
specifying.
Proper security is required so
that the fire alarm system
should not be hacked by
third party person.
Fire and
explosion hazard
Arson Manage by the
routine procedures.
Proper protection guidelines
are required to be followed.
Operational
hazard
Sabotage by a disgruntled
former employee
Responsibility
must require
specifying.
The management team
should provide proper
support to the employee so
that they are not dissatisfied
with the jobs into the
organization.
Operational
hazard
Malicious attract through
social media
Responsibility
must require
specifying.
The social media site should
be kept with proper password
protected so that no other
person can share any

23RISK ASSESSMENT
confidential information.
Operational
hazard
Plane crash on the plant Manage by the
routine procedures.
The process plant should
provide proper security
services around the plat so
that no plane may enter
within 1000 metre radius of
the plant.
Operational
hazard
Loss of vital data Immediate actions
are required.
The data should be kept two
ways authentication
protected such that third
party cannot access to the
data.