Medication Safety and Management Practices

The provided assignment is a comprehensive review of medication safety and management practices. It includes various research papers and articles on topics such as medication reconciliation, discharge planning, electronic medication management, and medication-assisted therapies. The assignment also covers the importance of patient participation in medication safety during acute care admissions and the role of structured benefit-risk assessment in pharmaceutical statistics. Additionally, it touches upon the challenges of discharge and the need for combining medication reconciliation with discharge planning. Overall, this assignment provides a thorough understanding of the complexities involved in medication safety and management practices.

Running head: RISK EVALUTION IN MEDICINE SECTOR OF AUSTRALIA
An evaluation of a project's risk assessment strategies in Australia's medicine sector
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

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RISK EVALUTION IN MEDICINE SECTOR OF AUSTRALIA
Abstract
At current days, Australian pharmaceutical industry becomes slower in deploying effective
project management practices. It is seen in Australia that medium-sized organizations in
pharmaceutical sector of Australia are performing better compared to the bigger enterprises
through implementations of stronger project orientation in terms of culture and organizational
aspects. On the other hand, various important activities are not incompressible. On the other
hand, regulatory guidelines facilitate planning for the projects. The risks related to the sector are
described as technical risks, commercial risks, launch risks, regulatory risks, partner/
subcontractor/ contractual risks, IPR risks, resource risks and personnel risks. Hence,
identification of the risks in pharmaceutical industry of Australia is useful avoiding big disaster.
It can enhance revenues through saving additional expenses. Moreover, identification of risks are
helpful in order to provide mental satisfaction as well as ensures successful completion of the
projects. Present study deals with risks analysis of Australian pharmaceutical sector and develop
risk mitigation strategy for the projects.

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction........................................................................................................6
1.1 Introduction and background.....................................................................................6
1.2 Research aims and objectives....................................................................................7
1.3 Research questions.....................................................................................................8
1.4 Research rationale......................................................................................................8
1.5 Problem statement.....................................................................................................9
1.6 Significance of the research.....................................................................................10
1.7 Structure of the study...............................................................................................11
Chapter 2: Literature review..............................................................................................12
2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................12
2.2 Overview of Australian pharmaceutical sector........................................................12
2.3 Risks involved with Pharmaceutical industry in Australia......................................13
2.4 Theories and models related to risk management....................................................15
2.4.1 Ishikawa model.....................................................................................................16
Figure 1: The Ishikawa Diagram for Risk Management...........................................16
2.4.2 SCORE model......................................................................................................17
Figure 2: SCORE model of risk management...........................................................17
2.4.3 Failure Mode Effects Analysis.............................................................................17
2.5 Risk management strategies for Australian Pharmacy Sector.................................18
2.6 Summary..................................................................................................................20
Chapter 3: research methodology......................................................................................21
3.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................21
3.2 Research Philosophy................................................................................................21
3.3 Research Approach..................................................................................................22

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3.4 Research Design......................................................................................................22
3.5 Data Collection and analysis process......................................................................23
3.6 Sample and Sampling..............................................................................................23
3.7 Timeline...................................................................................................................23
3.8 Summary..................................................................................................................24
Chapter 4: Data analysis and findings...............................................................................25
4.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................25
4.2 Qualitative analysis..................................................................................................25
4.3 Summary..................................................................................................................32
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendations...................................................................33
5.1 Conclusion...............................................................................................................33
5.2 Linking with objectives...........................................................................................33
5.3 Recommendations....................................................................................................33
5.4 Limitations and future scopes..................................................................................34
References......................................................................................................................36
Appendix........................................................................................................................40

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List of tables and figures
Figure 1: The Ishikawa Diagram for Risk Management...................................................16
Figure 2: SCORE model of risk management...................................................................17
Figure 4.1: Growth of Australian pharmaceutical industry...............................................28
Figure 4.3: Medical product manufacturing......................................................................29
Figure 4.3: Australian Industry Mix..................................................................................32
Table 1: Gantt chart...........................................................................................................41

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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction and background
According to Meier 2016, the patients In Australia who have been suffering from the
disease that are not curable in one diagnostic center are treated in multi facility hospitals. The
processing of the multi specialty hospitals include the fact that the most incurred in the
processing of the multinational hospitals are very high. The coat that the hospitals incur for the
processing of the patients in multinational hospitals is much higher than the ability of the patients
that do not have a stable or established lifestyle. This fact includes the processing of the patients
visiting various hospitals for getting diagnosed from different type of diseases. According to this
is the time when the processing o the data regarding the data medication of the patient varies
with the data that is generated from the previous hospital. The fact that the testing facility in ne
hospital varies from the testing facility of other hospital dictated the fact that the unit that
measures the testing also varies. This leads to the fact that the processing of the disease varies
from one point of time to another with respect to ten hospitals the patient is visiting. This process
ensures that the data that is collated in the testing of the patient from one hospital might be prone
wrong for the functionality of the other hospital the patient is visiting. This leads to the fact that
the treatment of patients are not at a very high level. In the year 2002, it was proven that 13% of
the patients that has shifted from one hospital too another hospital during the course of check up
of a particular disease. It has not been able to live and the reason of death was the miscalculation
of the results of the tests that were performed in the processing of the diagnosing procedure. This
fact leads to the conclusion that the data that were collected deferring the processing of the
patient check were not up to the mark that led to wrong medication of the patient leading to death

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of the patient. Australian government has taken steps to ensure the fact that the procession of
treatment in multinational hospitals are possible ;for the mediocre families to reduce the death of
the citizens of Australia due to the terminology of wrong data evaluation or the data evaluation
that varies in unit. According to The processing of the data that were collected in the processing
of the data collection during the treatment of the patient in one hospital might not match with the
data that will collected in the hospital where the patient is visiting. In the year 2010, ted eat rate
due to the change in hospital was reduced to 11%. Despite the fact that the rate of death due to
the transfer of hospital was decreasing in a very slow rate the government of Australia is taking
active participation in the process to reduce the processing of the patients dyeing due to the
transferring of the patients from one hospital to another due to lack of specialty treatment.
However, complying with the code implied by Australian Government becomes very
challenging. In this perspective, it is required to research on the risk analysis involved in the
Australian Medicine that is achieved in the present study.
1.2 Research aims and objectives
The research aims to identify the risks related to the project management in the medicine
sector of Australia as well as finding risk management strategies to mitigate the risks. The
research objectives can be described as followed.
 To identify the risks related to project management in the medicine sector of
Australia
 To find out the risk management strategies to mitigate the risks
 To critically assess the risks management strategies and challenges for
implementing strategies
 To recommend solutions for overcoming the issues

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1.3 Research questions
The research questions are as followed.
 What are the risks related to project management in medicine sector of Australia?
 What are the risks mitigating strategies followed by the organization?
 What are the challenges for implementing the strategies?
 How the challenges can be overcome?
1.4 Research rationale
The Australian pharmaceutical industry comprises bio-medical research and
biotechnology based inventories. In addition, generic medicines for the organizations and service
related segments have a significant role in the particular industry. It consists of manufacturing,
wholesaling and distribution of medicines. On the other hand, rapid increase of medicine in the
process of manufacturing organization becomes important. Hence, it becomes significant to
manage risks related to drug development in Australia.
On the other hand, approval of FDA as well as development of new medicine take more
than 10 years and costs approximately $2.6 billion. Thus, pharmaceutical projects of new
medicines involve several risks related to it. On the other hand, different types of risks like
technical risks, partner or subordinator as well as contractual risks are related to project
management in the Australian pharmaceutical sector. Hence, it becomes significantly important
to develop risk management strategies for overcoming the risks faced by Australian medicine
sector.
In pharmaceutical industry of Australia, it becomes significant to identify the risks and
develop risk management strategies so that risks involved with the Australian medicine sector n

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can be mitigated. It is important for managers of the organization to fix strategies that can be
helpful to avoid big disasters, enhance revenues by additional savings, provides mental
satisfaction and provides mental satisfaction in order to ensure successful completion of the
projects. Hence, it becomes an important issue developing effective strategies for pharmaceutical
sector of Australia.
1.5 Problem statement
According to Williams, Crawford and Puy 2016, The major factor that lead to the death
of the clients hospitals that are present in the Australia are due to the fact that the prescription
that the doctors of the hospitals are not well diagnosed. The major issue is the population of
Australia has been increasing in a very fast rate. This ensures the fact that the processing of the
amentia also increases in a very fast rate. Thos process includes the fact that the processing of the
data by the hospitals must be maintained with utmost efficiency. This process ensures the fact
that the data processing must be maintained due to the lack of data handling in the hospitals.
However, the number of hospitals with respect to the number of population has not been
increasing. The exponential growth of the population of Australia is not being able to be matched
by building hospitals. This fact ensures that the efficiency in the processing of the hospital
decreases with the procession if the increase in the population Australia. According to Meier
2016, this fact takes into consideration that the amount of time and effort a doctor could devote
to a single patient decreases accordingly. This ensures the fact that the medicines that are
prescribed by the doctor are not always the correct medicine. This process performs the
modulation in the treatment of the data processing of every patient. This leads to the fact that the
data that is being evaluated after testing the patient are not always correct which leads to the fact
that the medication that is being provided to the patients are way below the medication the

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patient needs. This aspect results in the transcription of the prescription. In Australia it is noted
that the data that are written in the prescription of the patient are wrong at least once in every 17
cases. This is the result of the survey that was conducted in the year 2016. This was the major
concern for the government of Australia as the referencing of the government hospitals was
already in the bad book f the citizens of Australia. This lead to the fact that the patient who
belong from t Australia chose the private institution for the treatment of himself or herself, which
were again aging towards the business institutions. This processing ensures the fact that the data
that are transcript during the evaluation of the data are to be processed with utmost care and
sincerity towards the patients. According to The government was active in this case and the
processing of the data regarding the records of the death. It has caused due to the lack of
sincerity of the doctors were checked and the doctors with a very high amount cases that lead to
deaths due to the lack of sincerity towards the patients lost their certification to practice doctor.
This aspect takes into consideration the fact that the doctors that were remaining had the fear of
losing their certificate as well that made the doctors to get serious enough and perform their
duties with utmost care.
1.6 Significance of the research
Pharmaceutical industry of Australia is currently facing challenge for combating the risks
while delivering the promises of development in medical science as well as technology. On the
other hand, additional costs of raw materials, rules and regulations implied by the government of
Australia leads to face several challenges in the medicine sector. However, rapid development of
pharmaceutical organizations in Australia and manufacturing of medicines has also increased.
Thus, it is important to develop risk management strategies in order to avoid the situations so
that the organizations included in pharmaceutical industry of Australia need to face issues in the

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entire process. The study is helpful to find out the issues and develop effective strategies for the
organizations.
1.7 Structure of the study
The research comprises five chapters namely introduction, literature review, research
methodology, data analysis and findings as well as conclusion and recommendations. The
introduction chapter deals with research background, aims and objectives of the research. In
addition, research rationale, problem statement and significance of the research. On the other
hand, literature review includes overview of Australian pharmaceutical sector, risks involved
with Australian pharmaceutical sector, theories and models related to risk management, Ishikawa
model, SCORE model, failure Mode Effects Analysis and risk management strategies for
Australian Pharmacy Sector. The third chapter of research, methodology deals with research
philosophy, approach, design, data collection and analysis. Fourth chapter deals with data
analysis and findings, whereas fifth chapter discusses conclusion and recommendations for thee
research.

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Chapter 2: Literature review
2.1 Introduction
In this section of research, literature review related to risks involved with Australian
pharmacy sector is discussed. Secondary data gathered from journals, books and websites are
described and analysed in this chapter of the study. Moreover, risks management strategies,
theories and models are explained. The impact and challenged faced by Australian medicine
sector is showcased in this section of the study. Hence, discussion of literature review is helpful
to analyse the secondary data from relevant sources.
2.2 Overview of Australian pharmaceutical sector
Pharmaceutical is considered as one of the best knowledge oriented as well as
technology applied sectors. It is placed for development and commercialisation as the results of
long-term investment in the field of medical research. The Pharmaceutical industry in Australia
deals with research on the areas like bio-medical, originator, biotechnology that are based
organizations as well as common medicine organizations. The segments related to the services
consisting of wholesaling as well as distribution. The industry deals with the exports of nearly
$3.9 billion in 2012-2013 financial years (Collignon et al., 2016). Hence, the pharmaceutical
sector of Australia is considered as one of the major manufactured exports in the country. The
industry consists of approximately 16.500 people for the purpose of manufacturing as well as
research and development according to a published report in 2011-2012. However, sales of
complementary medicines value nearly $2 billion in a financial year.
Despite the significance within the economy, the pharmaceutical industry is surprisingly
not completed for having some limitations and obstacles. However, there are gaps in the some

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key stages of pharmaceutical supply chain. The supply of drugs in the country is generally
dominated by the multinational enterprises (Davidson et al., 2016). On the other hand, the
foreign-owned organisation manufactures as well as supply common brands of medicines.
However, according to the research of GlobalData, the particular market of Australia has
been assumed to rise from $22.85 billion in 2016 to approximately $25.2 billion within the years
of 2020 (Ho et al., 2015). The latest report states that modest increase will be carried out by
global market access to pharmaceutical drugs. It increases awareness of the requirement for early
identification of lifestyle as well as chronic diseases. In addition, the subsidized cost of
prescription medicines through the benefits scheme of pharmaceutical sector for the eligible
patients along with annual addition of new drugs.
2.3 Risks involved with Pharmaceutical industry in Australia
It has been reported that small-cap organizations in Pharmaceutical industry in Australia
with the market cap of $748 USD, has high growth potential (Hopkin, 2017). However, financial
strength is one of the deciding factors in long-term survival. The organizations having a debt-to-
equity ratio of less than 20% appear to be a sound debt structure. On the other hand, it is
significant to look after financial ability metrics.
However, the code of conduct in Australian medicine sector has been effected that creates
a challenging situation for the organisations involved with Australian pharmacy sector.
Humphries (2017) stated that ccomplying with the codes becomes difficult as collecting personal
data used and disclosed for the primary purposes becomes challenging as well as producing risks
in the Australian pharmacy sector. In addition, the firms and organisations associated with the

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sector facing challenges in risk management and other things. In this perspective, it becomes
important to manage risks properly to avoid competitive deficits.
In Australia, only Therapeutic Goods Management (TGA) approved therapeutic goods
are sold. The TGA is one of the business units in the Department of Health in Australia is
responsible to ensure that the products available in the country are acceptable according to the
set standard. The Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 provides the legislative control over the standard
therapeutic products (James et al., 2014). The aspect provides a uniform and system of national
regulatory. It safeguards the entire process and community from being substandard and
ineffective therapeutic products. The TGA has an important role to make assessment and monitor
the activities of the organizations to ensure that efficacy; safety and quality of the therapeutic
goods are properly followed and maintained. Thus, overall control of supplying medical drugs in
Australia is exerted by the major procedures as followed.
 The growth, safeguarding as well as observing the systems for listing medicine
 Post market surveillance
 The licensing of the manufacturers
 The evaluation of medicines for export
Prescription drugs approved by TGA are sold in Australia. On the other hand, most of the
prescription drugs in the country. On the contrary, most of the prescriptions drugs are supplied to
access of medicines generate a low standardised patient co-payment. Hence, in order to be listed
on PBS, drugs require receiving positive recommendations from the Benefits Advisory
Committee in the country (Khanji et al., 2016). In this perspective, risks are associated with the
organizations prone not to meet the standard.

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On the other hand, pharmaceutical sector of Australia becomes slower in effective project
management practices. It has been seen that medium-sized organizations involved with the
industry are performing better than the bigger organization (Mt‐Isa et al., 2016). Effective project
management plan has been considered as success factors for the organizations. The critical
activities and the guidelines of the commission need to facilitate the planning. In addition, the
partner, subcontractor or contractual risks are included in this. It is seen that in the
Pharmaceutical industry in Australia that the small and medium sized organization face
difficulties in implementation of latest technology based equipments and software. In addition,
commercial risks are associated with the organization. IPR risks need to be mitigated in the
organizations included in the organization. Apart from these, the organisations face risks in
managing personnel as several issues related to finance, working hour and others are associated
with the sector.
2.4 Theories and models related to risk management
It is important for the organizations involved with pharmacy sector of Australia, it is
required to deal with the risk management process with the help of risk management model and
theories. The risk management life cycle includes several stages like ignoring the possibility of
risks exposure. Collection and updating data related to the probabilities of occurring as well as
anticipating the impact requires to be monitored appropriately (Patel et al., 2016). Effective
contingency plans such as setting aside resources for providing reactive ability in order to cope
up the risks included in the organization. Modification of the impact of uncertainty can be
helpful to minimise the risks in the organisation.

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2.4.1 Ishikawa model
Several tools can assist evoking the risks related several quality to Australian
Pharmaceutical sector. Ishikawa model is helpful to manage the risks involved with the project.
According to the model, it is required to determine the main issue involved with the sector.
Brainstorm associated with the items utilizing the diagram.
Figure 1: The Ishikawa Diagram for Risk Management
(Source: Peiris et al., 2015, p.541)
On the other hand, it is required to transfer the items to FMEA or similar type format.
Moreover, it is needed to perform counteractions as well as update FMEA. Keeping it under the
design management is one of the major steps through which the organizations can identify the
risks and develop effective strategies for mitigating the issue. Finally, monitoring the results
would be helpful to mitigate the risks.

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2.4.2 SCORE model
With the help of SCORE model of risk management, the organizations included in the
Pharmaceutical industry in Australia can be able to develop risk management strategies. As the
SCORE model is based on, large data set that is tested in detail.
Figure 2: SCORE model of risk management
(Source: Jones, Wyatt, A., & Daube, 2016, p.411)
2.4.3 Failure Mode Effects Analysis
Failure modes and effects analysis is considered as one of the effective systematic
approaches in ordv er to identify all possible failures included in a design, manufacturing and
product or service. The failure mode in which the process might be failed. However, the failure
is considered as the errors defects the process that is harmful for the customers.
Kumarasiri, and Jubb (2016) mentioned that eeffects analysis is referred as analysis of the
consequences of failure. Failures are generally prioritized as per the process of serious

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consequences and detection. The aim of FMEA is taking actions eliminating as well as reducing
the failures. It generally starts with crating highest priority. Failure model and effect analysis
helps to documents knowledge and actions related to the risks of failure for getting constant
enhancement. It is used at the time of designing to prevent failures.
2.5 Risk management strategies for Australian Pharmacy Sector
Identifying risks in pharmaceutical industry is useful for exploring the new opportunities
for the organizations involved with Australian pharmaceutical sector. It is important that
identifying the risks can be helpful to detect threats and vulnerabilities involved with the process.
Rawlinson and Yadavendu (2015) commented that the risk identification technique gives
the methods in order to identify the risks affecting safety, durability and reliability of the
products. The procedure organises the risks for evaluating and planning proper response. The
risk evaluation technique assesses priority as well as severity of the identified risk. It might be
affected by risks. On the other hand, it is important to assess the impact of the issues and
potential impact of the risks. The project risk as well as issues has an impact assigned for
determining severity as well as priority.
The risk response planning technique is helpful for the projects allow the project team
determining the process of reacting to particular risks or the issues. The range of the responses
consists of accepting the risks (Hogarth, Hutchinson & Scaife, 2016). In addition, approach for
risk management will be helpful to support the statistical tools and support of the statistical tools
as combined process. It makes easy for the applications of quality based risk management
principles in the particular sector.

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In Australian Pharmacy industry, program for risk management usually starts with
identification of risks related to a particular product and the procedure used for developing,
manufacturing and distributing the product. In this perspective, it is required to include
systematic procedures designated for facilitating the decision-making process with respect to
risks. Apart from this, a strategic safety program is designed for reducing the risks of products by
using interventions. The sponsor of every products is required to submit for getting approval and
considers the process of minimising the risks from the use of product.
In order to develop risk-based decision, it is necessary to adopt a systematic approach.
The methods utilized for risk management in pharmacy sector of Australia can be described as
followed.
 Primary risk management facilitation techniques
 Failure mode, effects as well as critically analysis (FMECA)
 Risk operability analysis
 Preliminary risk analysis
 Supporting statistical tools
 Risk ranking as well as filtering
The risk management program of Australian Pharmacy Sector monitors critical points in
the manufacturing procedure. However, it is included in the lifecycle phases. Analysis of the
existing systems or prioritizing risks is generally used for evaluating quantitatively evaluated
along with the qualitatively evaluated risks to inspect and audit. Risk assessment, risk control,
reviewing risks and communication of the risks are the major elements of the risk management
technique.

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2.6 Summary
The utilization of risk-based approach gives a continuous method to take decision by
which risks related to the Australian pharmaceutical industry can be easily identified and
mitigated. In addition, it helps in resource allocation as well as ensuring concrete management in
the industry. On the other hand, applying risks management technique to the industry would be
helpful to mitigate overall risks that have a financial impact on the industry.

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Chapter 3: research methodology
3.1 Introduction
Discussion of research methodology is helpful to carry out the research in proper way.
The section of the study discusses determination of suitable methodological tools that is useful to
lead the research in appropriate way. Moreover, data collection as well as analysis process is
explained in this chapter of the research.
3.2 Research Philosophy
Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015) mentioned that rresearch philosophy is considered as
beliefs regarding the way in which data related to the phenomenon are collected, analysed as
well as used. Epistemology as a term as opposed to doxology usually encompasses several
philosophies of research philosophy. On the other hand, the purpose of science and procedure
and transformation of the things believed as doxa to episteme. The major research philosophies
can be identified namely positivist as well as interpretivist. It includes the phenomenon isolated
as well as the observations are repeatable. Research philosophy includes being aware as well as
developing beliefs alongside presumption in a research.
Positivism philosophy is used in the current research. As selection of of positivism
philosophy is useful to identify the concealed facts as well as data related to the risk associated
with Australian Pharmacy sector. Likewise, nature of the research is restricted in time.
Consequently, interpritvism theory is discarded in the research. Aside from these, choosing
positivism philosophy is useful to control and assess information prompting minimization of
information mistakes.

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3.3 Research Approach
Research approach is sorted into two types, for example, deductive approach along with
inductive approach (Shamseer et al., 2015). Abductive approach usually starts with the surprising
facts as well as research process devoted for description. Inductive research approach helps with
concentrate the research point when satisfactory information on the subject is inaccessible. The
underlying period of inductive approach is seeing to increase related data and builds up the
method for the research as need. Apart from this, deductive approach is used as a method
clarifying commonsense use of the speculations contemplated for getting to the substance of the
research.
Deductive approach is chosen in the research with a specific end goal to consider the risk
management procedures in pharmaceutical industry of Australia. It helps to analyse the theories
and models related to the risks management in the industry.
3.4 Research Design
Lewis (2015) commented that rresearch design helps to depicting the structure of the
specific research, which will be useful to gather information and utilize investigation design.
Amid the method of information gathering, investigate approach is connected, which are useful
to clarify inquire about plan in effective way. Descriptive, exploratory and explanatory research
design are the types of research approaches.
Descriptive research design is applied in the current research as it would be helpful to
analyse the idea of the investigation, not conceivable for the topic. The research design is useful
for characterizing the definite process involved with the system.

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3.5 Data Collection and analysis process
Data collection is considered as a procedure of collecting as well as measuring
information of the targeted variables in the developed systematic way. It enables answering the
related questions as well as assesses the results (Flick, 2015). Data collection is one of the
components of research. The target of data collection is capturing quality evidence based on the
process in order to capture quality evidence. In addition, it allows analysis in order to lead
formulation of questions for the research. There are two kinds of information accumulation
utilized as a part of a research, for example, primary data collection and secondary data
collection. Primary data are typically gathered from surveys.
Qualitative data analysis is considered as the range of procedures where it is required to
move from qualitative data, which have been gathered into description, understanding as well as
making interpretation of people along with the situations. In the present study, qualitative data
analysis technique is followed to break down information from study.
3.6 Sample and Sampling
Flick (2015) stated that selection of sample is helpful to get the expected outcome for the
research. In the current research, basic simple random probability sampling method is taken after
for choosing sample for the research. 3 project managers related with continuous activities in
Pharmaceutical industry in Australia has been chosen for interviews. Thus, selection of the
technique is helpful for the research to get the expected outcome for the research.
3.7 Timeline
(Refer to Appendix)

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3.8 Summary
The current chapter of research is useful to make clarification of the diverse research
techniques and making better analysis. The section assists to adjust the type of the research so
that the research can develop effective research methodology and get expected outcome. In
addition, selection of methodological tools would be helpful to provide an overview regarding
public and private role in the medicine sector of Australia. Moreover, selection of appropriate
methodology would be helpful to conduct the research so that it can generate expected outcome.

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Chapter 4: Data analysis and findings
4.1 Introduction
In this chapter of the research, a qualitative data analysis has been conducted. Three
managers of Australian Medicine Sector have been selected for the interview. Based on the
interview, a qualitative research has been achieved that represents their viewpoint regarding the
risks involved with Australian medicine sector. In addition, risk mitigation strategy has been
described with the form of thematic analysis in the below section.
4.2 Qualitative analysis
Theme 1: Contemporary issues in Australian medicine sector
According to Puy 2016, the one of the most problematic situations that leads to the fact
that the processing of the hospitals. The reason of the administration has been the reason behind
the death of 112 deaths across Australia. This is the fact that deals with the administration of the
hospitals. The major purpose of the administration of the hospitals is to guide the patient
regarding the processing of the data that incurs the fact that the processing of the data is
evaluated and the department that the patient must be taken o must be taken. The efficiency of
then administration includes the terminology that the processing of the data that includes the fact
that the department of the hospitals are the major processing of the entire termination of the
treatment of the patients. This includes the fact that the data that is collected after the testing of
the patients are evaluated by the administration of the hospitals and the department that the
patient needs medical assistance on is decided. In case decision that is taken by the
administration office is wrong there is an imbalance between the treatment the ‘patient requires

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and the treatment the patients get. According to Meier 2016, This leads to the worsening of the
physical stature of the patient. This wrong decision making ought take the patient to the
processing that the data of the patient and the worsening of the physical stature is to happen due
to the fact that the data medication that is required to the patient is not provided to the patient.
Thos aspect declines the physical stature of the patient abruptly. To worsen the physical stature
the wrong medication with huge side effects are implemented on the patients. This can easily
push a patient towards death. This inefficient processing will lead to the fact that the total
efficiency of the treatment of the patients in the hospitals of Australia will decrease in a very fast
rate. This process has been one of the most dangerous processes or lack of sincerity that will lead
to the death of the patients who will face the problem regarding errors in administration
department. This is the major reason that leads to the fact that the belief of patients have been
decreasing from the hospitals. This procedural error is somewhat due to the fact that the number
of employees are comparatively less as compared to the patients that are visiting the hospitals
regularly. This processing deals with the methodology that the employing of much efficient
administration personnel must be recruited to decrease the problems that are occurring.
According to McTier and Duke 2015, The sincerity of the employees that are placed in the
administration department must also increase s the requirement of the patients are also increasing
and the number of heads visiting hospitals re also increasing pin an exponential manner. This
process incurs the methodology that the proper educated and skilled employers must be
employed to avoid such mishaps in a regular basis.
Theme 2: Medication related hospital admission
According to The number of private hospitals raising in Australia during the 2000s were
very high. Te hospitals were in progress in the year 2000. This was considered to be an

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RISK EVALUTION IN MEDICINE SECTOR OF AUSTRALIA
improving sites for the building of Australia. The fact that the processing of the hospitals were
considered to be the advancement of Australia. The idea of opening the private hospitals in
Australia was to ensure treatment to a large number of patients in a single time. But this ideas of
providing treatment to a lot of people in a single time was not performed well. By the end of the
2005, the opening of the private hospitals were already made. According to This brought hopes
for several patients who could not afford the treatment due to the fact that the distance of the
hospitals in Australia was far from their place. The private hospitals are the gateway for patients
where people can spend more and wanted comfort. But the major issue was that none of this
hospitals were multispecialty hospitals. This fact ensured the processing of the data that is the
processing of the treatment of all the diseases were not done under the same roof. By the year
2009, it was the hot topic that the efficiency of the hospitals that are private in nature is lacking
efficiency. This ensured the fact that the processing of the data regarding the processing of the
patients were not up to the mark. This ensured the fact that the processing of then data regarding
the patients were not very high. This caused to the fact that the people stopped visiting the
private hospitals. This avoidance towards the private hospital started since the year 2013.

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Figure 4.1: Growth of Australian pharmaceutical industry
(Source: Meier 2016, p.551)
This fact led to the loss of the hospitals that were built privately by business tycoons. The
fact that the loss incurred by the hospitals was not accepted in a very decent way. The business
tycoons decided to increase the processing fees of the private hospitals to get the money that they
had invested too regain their stature. This fact lead to the proceeding that the hospitals despite
being non multinational started faking to be multinational in order to gain the crowd and the
processing of the clients and increase the revenue. According to Meier 2016, as the hospitals
were not multinationals the equipment sand the set up was not up to the ark. This lead to the fact
that the efficiency if the hospitals started declining in a very fast rate. The processing of faking
the multi national inhibition cost the lives of 56 people who got deceived with facilities that were
so called multinational. The lack of efficiency was because the hospitals despite being very basic
in nature tried to attract that mass by faking promises. This was the record number of deaths that

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RISK EVALUTION IN MEDICINE SECTOR OF AUSTRALIA
took place in the history of Australia in the private hospitals due tie the lack of specialty. The
Australian government did not took this act easily and impose heavy duty fines on the hospitals
and abandoned many private hospitals.
Theme 2: Possible strategies for risks management
According to Martin and May 2017, the probation of the safety that deals with the
treatment of the patients is the medicines that the doctors suggest. This processing of the
medication is the only way patients can be saved from the processing of the disease that they are
suffering from. This processing ensures the fact that the antidote to the disease is provided to the
patient in order to cure them. This fact ensures that the methodology of the processing ensures
the fact that the data that are evaluated after the processing of the patients are the major reason
the patient gets cured from the disease that the patient is suffering from. This fact endures the
technological error of the medication leading to the processing of the data segregation, which
will lead to the unsatisfactory result s in accord to the patient. This dissatisfaction can be reduced
by proper implementation of the medication and proper implementation of the technique that will
ensure the fact that the patient is cured.

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RISK EVALUTION IN MEDICINE SECTOR OF AUSTRALIA
Figure 4.3: Medical product manufacturing
(Source: Khalil 2015, p.514)
This medication will take care of the proceeding of the health of the patient. This process
of medication is the most efficient trussing that will ensure the fact that the personalization of the
data of the patients deal with the processing of the treatment and the chemical constituents if the
medicines ensures the curing of the patients. But if the chemical constituents of the medicines are
not well tested the affectivity of tyke medicines are lost. The recent times in Australia have seen
the processing of the medicines with the lack of the equilibrium in the processing of the chemical
constituents. According to Khalil 2015, this process ensures the fact that the effective chemicals
that acts as the antidote fails to procure the disease. This process ensures the fact that the
efficiency of the medicines are lost. This also results in the fact that the medicines do not affect
the disease probation which leads to the patients not getting cured easily and transmitting the fact
that the processing of the data regarding the disease is not healed. This lack of efficiency of the

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RISK EVALUTION IN MEDICINE SECTOR OF AUSTRALIA
medication results in the fact that the prosecution of the medication does not affect the patient
and the disease is not cured. Another problem is that the doctors that suggest that medicines are
commissioned. According to Wilkin, Knight and Boyce 2018, this factor ensures the fact that the
data that are collected in the processing of the disease is not done with utmost efficiency. The
doctors are paid for suggesting medicines. Despite the fact that the medicine might not be very
useful the progression of the disease curing, the doctor suggests the medicine as the doctor is
paid to do so. This process has been harming patients eternally. The government of Australia has
not taken this aspect in a good note. Extensive research on the product methodology has been
under check, which deals with the fact that the processing of the data will be checked, and steps
will be taken against the doctors who prescribe medicines by taking money from the dealers of
the medicine.
In addition, systematic process to organize information to support risk decision that is
made within a risk management procedure. It could be helpful to identify the risks as well as
develop risk management strategies in the pharmaceutical sector of Australia. The process
consists of identifying the risks and risks associated process in order to make exposure of the
hazards. However, risk management strategies can be helpful to involve transference of the risks
several parties and avoiding or mitigating the risks related to medicine sector of Australia.
However, it is important to follow specific stages for mitigating the risks. Collection as well as
updating the data for probabilities of occurrence that has anticipated impact requires being
motivated appropriately. It is significant keeping options such as delay choices as well as making
commitment and increase the level of satisfaction for the organization. However, modification of
the impact of source of uncertainty, minimizing or maximizing performance and sharing
partnership and changing trade-offs between several objectives are needed to modify the

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objectives involved in project management for the organization. On the other hand, risk control
includes several processes like promotional strategy that would be helpful for the system. It is
also important to revise risk assessment process to detect and evaluate the possibility of change
in risks.
Theme 4: Role of government and agencies for implying risk management technique
According to Williams, Crawford and Puy 2016, the wealth status of the Australians are
not very saturated this leads to the affect that the ability to spend money on mediation in costly
multinational hospitals are not possible for the citizens Australia. The patients check out for the
dispensaries and the processing include the fact that the data has been acting as a practiced
pharmacist checks the evaluation of the disease and the medication is recommended by the same.
This fact takes into consideration the fact that the data that are checked buy the pharmacists are
not set and the unification of the process of the pharmacists are not maintained. This process
ensures the fact that the processing f the data wails procure the patient with un appropriate
medication. An improper medication that is provide it the patients are harmful for the patients.
This process takes into consideration that the patient never visits the doctor or any hospital rather
visits a pharmacists and gets the medication with the lowest cost possible. The pharmacist, who
is not well educated or has never received any professional degree from any medical college is
void of the knowledge regarding the processing of the disease from which the patient is suffering
from. This ensures the fact that the medication that the pharmacist will provide will not be very
efficient in nature. This causes the fact that the medication they will provide the patient will not
be very trust worthy and the medication might affect the patient negatively. This process ensures
the fact that the data evaluated from the testing of the patient is not put into use efficiently as the
pharmacist do not possess any theoretical knowledge regarding providing proper medication.

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RISK EVALUTION IN MEDICINE SECTOR OF AUSTRALIA
The side effects of the medication that is improper in nature is very high. This process of not
taking the concern of the doctor and referring the medication of a pharmacist because of the want
to save money is the probation of the Australians.
Figure 4.3: Australian Industry Mix
(Source: Castle and Chung 2018, p.454)
In the last 10 years around 469 people has died due to the procession of the pharmacists
provide medication to them. This process ensures that the cost incurred in treatment the people of
Australia was sacrificing its efficiency just to save money. According to Castle and Chung
(2018), the government of Australia has been acting very effectively which lead to the fact that
the pharmacists practicing medication is completely banned and any pharmacist practicing
medication wile b banned and the certification will be terminated. The step that has been taken
by the Australian government has been if utmost importance. To reduce these glitches, the

33
RISK EVALUTION IN MEDICINE SECTOR OF AUSTRALIA
government of Australia has been opening hospitals that would take care of the diagnosed
patients of Australia in a very cheap rate.
There are two different approaches implied by the government of Australia to the
changing-public roles. However, the government may seek increasing private roles actively. The
range of strategies utilized is referred as privatization. The government may also introduce
market mechanisms into own operating during maintenance of public financing as well as
provision of the services. The main approaches to the process of privatization are included
transferring ownership and contracting ownership and develop own operation. In addition,
creation of enabling environment for private sector involves financial incentives and regulatory
changes along with incentives that may stimulate private sector development. The incentives are
integrated in order to achieve particular drug policies for the organizations. There are several
active approaches to the increasing private activity in health care sector.
Considering public as well as private roles in the pharmaceutical sector has taken place in
the close linked issues like reformation of health care sector and rethinking the role of the
organization. Hence, the objectives of health reformation are based on equity access. The
objectives are sought reforming in the enterprise. According to the part of reform procedure,
health sector policy-makers and the government of Australia need to seek the ways for increasing
the role of private service providers as well as working effectively with private sector. In
addition, it is required to enhance performance and decentralization of functioning the ministries
of health by organizational restructuring as well as strengthening the management. The spread of
free trade made significance of the products that is easier. There are several countries jettisoned
about long-standing structures, which are supported by local manufacturing industry.

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4.3 Summary
From the above study, it summarizes that lack of diversification in revenues and investors
opt for small caps, whereas smart investors are not wrong for singular blockbuster scopes as well
as trying to achieve several diversifications allocating small part of portfolio capital. It does not
make the investment as less risky. Thus, operating cash flows are important in profitability as
well as financial strength as the earnings of the enterprises are greater compared to the expense
of internet. It can indicate effective financial strength as the organization earns the way more
than obligations.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendations
5.1 Conclusion
The above findings conclude that protection of a patient through managing the quality
systems as well as manufacturing process is provided prime significance in pharmaceutical
sector of Australia. The products as well as processes are related to risks. It is also significant
that quality of product is vital that quality of the products need to be maintained in the project
lifecycle. In addition, risk in the projects of Australian pharmaceutical industry. In the earlier
days, the risks involved with product quality as well as procedure need to be evaluated through
following way like the one trends review and observations compilations. The risk management
approach is initiated through regulatory agencies with recognized management tools as well as
support of statistical tools in the combination. It makes easy for the application of quality-risk
management principles in the industry. A risk management program needs to start by identifying
the potential risks related to the product with the procedure utilized in order to develop,

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RISK EVALUTION IN MEDICINE SECTOR OF AUSTRALIA
manufacture as well as distribute product. In this perspective, it is also important to develop
effective quality risk management that can ensure high quality drug to the patients.
5.2 Linking with objectives
5.3 Recommendations
In order to overcome the risks faced by the organizations of Australian pharmaceutical
sector, it is required to design safety program in order to decrease product risks using the process
and inventions. In addition, it is required to take some steps that can be described as followed.
 Learning about the process as well as interpreting advantages and risks
 Designing as well as implementation of interventions minimizing advantages and
risks
 Evaluation of interventions for acquired knowledge over the time
 Revising interventions when it is suitable and appropriate
 In addition, it is required to follow basic risk-management facilitation method,
failure mode effects analysis, preliminary hazard analysis and fault tree analysis
would be helpful to mitigate the risks faced by the organizations involved in the
pharmaceutical industry of Australia.
5.4 Limitations and future scopes
Although the project has several advantages and generate expected outcome, it has
several limitations. There was limited budget and time for the research. Limited budget has
become obstacle for accessing subscription-based articles that may provide statistical data and
may produce different result. In addition, the articles except than English were not accessed. On
the other hand, limited time did not allow to access more number of books. However, the data

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RISK EVALUTION IN MEDICINE SECTOR OF AUSTRALIA
collected for the research are ensured not to misuse and publish for different purpose. The data
are protected under the Data Collection Act 1998.
The research will be beneficial for future researchers as secondary source of study. In
addition, the research would be helpful for the project managers of pharmaceutical sector to
identify the risks involved with Australian pharmaceutical industry and take effective strategy
that can be helpful for the organization to gain competitive advantages and retain in the market
with respective position.

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Appendix
Table 1: Gantt chart
(Source: Created by the author)