Robotics: Advantages, Disadvantages, Applications and Future Scope

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ROBOTICS
Abstract: This report aims to discuss the topic
Robotics that is related to computer science. A
brief introduction of the structure of this report
is provided in this report. Detailed discussion of
the topic robotics along with the application,
advantages and the disadvantages are provided
in this report. The sector of robotics comprises
of the designing and creation of the robotic
systems. The computer science and engineering
field is concerned with the technology of
robotics for creating the robots, and devices that
can react and move with sensory input. A robot
consists of several capabilities of performing the
duties and tasks that cannot be performed by
humans for simplifying the life and the process
of streamline work. The programming of the
robots are done by the experts of computer
science and the designing and structuring of the
robots are done by the experts of electrical and
mechanical engineering.
Keywords: Robotics, mechanical engineering,
robotics systems
I. INTRODUCTION
The aim of this report is to discuss about the topic
robotics. A brief discussion of the advantages and
the disadvantages are provided in this report. A
detailed discussion of the application areas of the
robotics is stated in this report. A discussion of the
future scope of robotics is provided in this report.
Lastly, this report concludes with an appropriate
conclusion for this report.
The sector of robotics is a connected branch of
engineering and science, which includes the branch
of mechanical engineering, electronic engineering,
computer science, and information engineering and
several others. The robotics sector deals with the
designing, operation, constructing, and the
utilisation of robots along with the computer
systems for controlling, obtaining sensory feedback
and processing of information. The utilisation of
these technologies is done for the development
of machines that can replace humans and perform
all the tasks of humans [3]. The utilisation of
robotics can be done in several situations such as
the detection of bombs in any
war or the deactivation of bombs. Robots have the
capability of replicating the human form and
perform the tasks more efficiently than humans [5].
Some of the tasks are like walking, speech,
cognition, and lifting.
II. Discussion
The recent trend of adopting the technology of
robotics is advantageous as well as
disadvantageous for the common people [4]. Many
people fear that with the implementation of robots
and full automation can overtake the jobs.
III. Advantages of robotics
The advantages of robotics outweighs the
disadvantages. The ability of the company of
succeeding as well as improving the lives of people
is enriched with the implementation of robotics [2].
Still, human employees are required for keeping the
operations running maintaining the businesses.
Some of the advantages of implementing robotics
in the companies are:
1. Safety: The major advantage that is gained from
the implementation of robotics is the aspect of
safety [1]. Heavy machinery, and the machineries
that run on hot temperature, and the sharp objects
that can easily injure any individual [9]. The safety
of the workers in such a workspace can be ensured
with the automation of the tasks.
2. Speed: The speed of completing several tasks
can be increased with the implementation of
robotics. Robots can be made work full time which
will help in increasing production of the company
[6]. This keeps the employees from having to work
extra for meeting the daily requirements.
3. Consistency: Robots do not have the tendency of
dividing their attention among several works. The
work of robots is never considered to be contingent
on work of any other individual [8]. Robots do not
have any kind of emergencies and there will not be
any situation of reallocating any task to some other
individual. It is also considered that the aspect of
automation is by far reliable than any other human
being.
4. Perfection: Robots can ensure the delivery of
best quality work. As the robots are programmed
for precise and continued repeated motion, there is
less possibility of any kind of mistakes by the
robots [7]. In some situations, robots are considered
to be employee as well as a system of quality
control. The possibility of human errors are
eliminated with the implementation of robotics in
the workplace.
IV. Disadvantages of robotics
Potential losses of jobs: One of the major concerns
of implementing robotics is the impact of robotics
on the workers [10]. If the robots perform a work
faster than any humans, they will be replaced with
robots. As robots present consistency with the
work, then there is a high possibility that there need
of human workforce will be minimised and it will
lead to the elimination of human workforce.
Initial cost of investment: The major concern for
automation is the workspaces is the investment cost
that the company has to bear for automation. An
extensive case of business needs to be built for the
implementation of the technology [12]. The return
from automation can be quite substantial and it can
also occur in a short time period. Furthermore, the
flow of cash needs to be sustainable in meantime

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and the company stability can be ensured as the
risk is significantly less than the benefits from
automation using robotics [13]. But it is observed
in several instances that there will be availability of
schedule of repayment that makes it easier to
control and afford the finance.
V. Application of robotics
This method of classification can become more
relevant as the robots becoming to increasingly
designed for the particular tasks. As an example,
several robots are designed for the performing of
assembly work that might not be easily adaptable
for any other application [11]. These robots are
termed as assembly robots. For the purpose of seam
welding, several suppliers offer welding systems
that are completed with the implementation of
robots, which means the equipment of welding
along with several other materials for handling
facilities like the turntables as a combined unit
[10]. Some other application of robotics are:
Military robots: these robots helps in the military of
a country in the situation of battle
Caterpillar plans for developing the machines that
are remotely controlled and it is expected that the
automation with robots will be complete in
minimal time.
Robots are extensively utilised in the
manufacturing industry. In auto industry, the robots
can amount for almost all the labour. Some of the
factories of manufacturing like the IBM keyboard
manufacturing industry that has been completely
automated with the implementation of robotics
[15].
Robots are also used in the hospital for acting as
couriers in the hospitals.
Robots have the ability of performing as the waiters
and cooks.
VI. Interaction of human-robot
If the utilisation of robotics has to be done in the
non-industrial or in the homes for performing the
jobs, and especially how the interaction can be
done is the most important aspect [17]. Interaction
with the robots can be done with the use of these
features:
Speech recognition: The interpretation of the
continuous sound flow originating from any
human, in real time is troublesome for any
computer as the variability of speech is higher in
the various sounds. Robots are currently designed
for simplifying the speech recognition process and
improve the interaction among the computer and
humans.
Robotic voice: other troubles exist when the robots
are allowed to use the voice interacting with the
humans [18]. For several social reasons, the use of
synthetic voice proves to be suboptimal as a media
of communication, which makes it necessary for
the development of component of emotion of the
robotic voice using several techniques.
Gestures: Gestures can be utilised for the improved
interaction with any robot. The programming of
robots is done in a manner that the robots can
understand the gestures of the humans and perform
the required tasks [16]. Hand gestures are most
commonly used for interacting with robots.
Expression of face: facial expressions can also be
utilised for providing quick feedback on the
development of any dialog among two humans, and
it is considered that soon enough the same can also
be applied for the robots and humans [19]. Robots
are programmed for approaching the humans and
judge the facial expression and the body language.
Social intelligence: several institutes in the present
times are conducting research for developing robots
with the aim of creating a robot that can learn the
tasks and the goals from any human demonstration
without any prior knowledge of the concepts that
are high-level [20].
VII. Future scope of robotics
The fact cannot be denied that the technologies of
robotics are all set for changing the methods by
which things are done in the industries where the
robots are Robotics is comprehensively used in the
present times for simplifying the tasks of humans
and provide better opportunities. Some of the major
future scope of the use of robotics are:
Robotics is considered to substitute the entry of
data and the jobs of rekeying the data with the
automated techniques and tools.
Repetitive jobs such as data assembling and the
tasks of formatting that utilise a unique set of
protocols for following the process can be easily
performed by using robotics. The entrepreneurs are
articulating a related sentiment and are optimistic
about the utilisation of the robotics in several
segments of the industries. Robotics is mainly
expanding in the industries like manufacturing,
FMCG, packaging, pharmaceutical, and inspection.
Robotics are extensively utilised in the sector of
healthcare in the form of skill and assistive
development technologies. The other sectors that
use the features of robotics are the education and
defence. The world recently faced the revolution
of PC and the mobile revolution. Now it is
considered that the next revolution will be in the
sector of robotics. Almost all the tasks that are
performed with the process that are computer-aided
and uses a protocol set for the operation can be
easily performed by using robotics. It is also
considered that the robots will be able to perform
all the tasks that are performed by any human along
with the advancements of the techniques and tools
of the robotic science.
VIII. Robotics using computer science
With the help of computer science in robotics,
several problems can be solved that ranges from
operating a rover on the planet Mars to addition of
numbers. The computer science language Python
can be used for talking with the robots and make