Advantages and Disadvantages of Robotics in Daily Life

The research focuses on the use of robotics, its advantages and disadvantages. It critically evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of using robotics, finding out the limitations of using robotics in present life and recommends solutions for overcoming the issues. The findings of the research will be identifying the impact of robotics on daily life.

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
Robotics
By ‘Author Name’
Affiliation (MSc Profile or Track) & Study no.
Executive Summary
The idea of a self-controlled mechanical metal body has always fascinated people through
decades. This great deal of fascination is also a result of many robot centric science-fiction
movies in the early 80s. There has been a tremendous shift in the usability and implementation of
robotics since then. Now, robotics is just not limited to using it in the automation industry or food
processing industry rather the dimensions have increased exponentially. Robotics is now being
used for a wide range of human needs as well as of its desire. Robotics has been implemented in
activities such as driving, killing enemies, defending borders, making love along with every other
dimension of human being that we can think of; Robotics has started to be integrated with that
field. The research will be focused on the use of robotics, its advantages and disadvantages. On
the other hand, the aim of the research is critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of
using robotics, finding out the advantages of using robotics in present life, finding out the
limitations of using robotics in present life and recommending solutions for overcoming the
issues. The findings of the research will be identifying the impact of robotics on daily life.
1. Introduction
The recent robotics technology is driven by the two most accepted ambitions for its engineering
and evolution (Ball et al. 2017). There is a huge amount of money spent on the process of
cleaning stadiums. It results various factors like developing stadiums that has outcome in various
factors like making the particular stadium available on next events. The first one being that these
machines should have autonomy to act within an unstructured and complex surrounding and the
second one being that these robots someday could be able to act on their own without getting any
predefined instruction ie they should be able to make decisions just like we humans do. Many
believers in the industry think that such a situation is not very far, (whereas it is very unlikely that
anything like this could happen within few decades), these expectations are known as "Strong
Artificial Intelligence". Even when the latter is not going to happen in the near future, it is this
notion of AI, it has to fetch this industry with an enormous amount of investment to carry out
research and develop prototypes along the way (Lee et al. 2018). On the other hand, there are
several issues and challenges faced while using robotics in daily life such as reducing the work
power level of people. In addition, the use of robotics in industry level is explained in the study.
The study will be helpful to the academic level by understanding the applications of robotics and
limitations of its use. In addition, the industrial applications and potential utilization would assist
to get the proper comprehension of its usage. There is no question of the fact technological
innovation is going to be the biggest one of the kind, which has seen throughout history. In the
following report, various other aspects as well as an implementation that is being done in many

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
sectors is discussed. It will also be tried to discuss the moral and ethical aspect of using robotics
to replace manual labor as well as developing it with AI. There are many short as well as long-
term regulations that is necessary for the robotics industry.
2. State-of-the-art/Literature Review
Relevancy of the research
The impact that robotics could have in some of the sectors is going to be truly astounding in
nature. The use of robotics in the army has already been seen by many defense experts as much
more big event that the invention of the atom bomb. Not only the army, but also robotics can also
utilize this as an innovation for effective surveillance and can use it to catch the criminals who
might be trying to evade a trial (Lee et al. 2018). The idea of integrating IoT (Internet of Things)
with AI might be a fascination for many. The idea of implementing robotics is not only limited to
automobile, army, and smart homes, but robotics also has a wide array of users in the medicine
and surgery in the healthcare department. Any critical surgery that would be physically
impossible for a human to maneuver might be an easy task for a robot. In fact, many operations
are happening world over where the bulk of the work during a critical surgery is done through
robotics.
Applications of robotics
Augmented Reality
There are several alternatives available to select the motor like alternative current motor, direct
current motor and stepper motor. On the other hand, the permeate magnet motors become
synchronous motor as well as switched reluctance motors. The suitable applications are
considered as less variable sped as well as high torque of AC motor that can make the option to
go for the process.
The various feature of the augmented reality that makes it a choice for the robot-human
compatibility are:
1. The AR has an ability to enhance the real world object when used in an interface.
2. There is an unlimited possibility of interaction between the real and the virtual world.
3. Ego and exocentric view are a great utility in addition, that can merge the robots and the
human collaboration (Truby et al. 2018).
5. Many AR now supports tangible as well as transitional interface.
The above written tangible interface can be used to change any physical object through 3D shared
devices. There have been AR implementations already in mobile Various examples such as
ARToolkit software and Magicbook can be analyzed to know the amazing effect of robot-human
collaboration through Augmented Reality.
The concept of robotics is in full momentum in the purpose of cleaning stadiums. Tesla has paved
the way for many automobile companies to invest in self-driving cars. ADAS (advanced driving
assistance system) is the reason behind a driverless car. However, many cars still not support full
control of these ADAS in a high traffic area (Wachter et al. 2017). This is because of the security
concern and because of the lack of justice issues within the system. Research is going on in full
swing about the next evolution in the category of driverless cars. There is an enormous
opportunity for the automobile sector to use this technology to make driving much more safe and
enjoyable. There has been already innovation that will enable companies other than Tesla to go
for full driverless cars and avoid any security risk. Even for the driver, there has been much
evolution while driving. The driver can be alerted about any unexpected over speeding or veering

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
off the highway or a risky overtake by other drivers. The scope of using the robotics in the
automobile industry is endless (Barfoot and Wettergreen 2016). Traffic can be more efficiently
managed if it is able to integrate with these automobiles. Accident rate especially countries like
Russia, where the rate of road accidents are very high can also be controlled through the
implementation of these technologies.
The navigation system of robot is partially automated or entirely autonomous. These are based on
specific kind of technology that is used. For instance, line following navigation system, ultrasonic
sensor, and sonar based mapping and navigation. The line following navigation system of robot is
based on detecting the line which is already being drawn on the floor. The line can be contrasting
in color, for example, white line on black surface or just magnetic tape that doesn’t need to be
specific of any color (Majidi 2014). Robots are also very useful during any tactical situation
because of the access that it can get. Japan has also invested in the idea of "Urban robots" or the
robots that just keeps an eye in the streets through observing behavioral pattern so prevent any
criminal activity.
It should also be made clear that a proper police robot or “humanoid" is technically not possible,
at least for many years or even decade because of the social intelligence issue that is far away
from reality. There will also be many hindrances in the application of patrolling by a robot, or a
robot for controlling a riot situation. This is because of the uncertainty, complexity of the
situation that is there (Ranzani et al. 2018). In addition, people will not get familiar with the
robots as they do with humans in a time of an emergency. In the field of military robotics, much
innovation has been made that had a positive impact in the whole strategy of warfare in our time.
From unmanned drones that are capable of destroying the enemies to bomb defusing robots, army
has utilized robotics in an effective way. Armed fighter planes are being experimented with robot
pilots that might just have revolutionized the urban warfare thing.
Current understanding with opposing views
The robots that have been developed for the sole purpose of amusement have made a market for
itself. These robots can vary through their size and shape. There are many robots that are shaped
like a robot (Jeff Bezos have one giant shaped robot dog), Keepon who is a specialist dancer and
dances to different tunes and robots that are made purely for fornication purposes. The demand is
likely to increase more as the research evolves and more functions, as well as AI, is added to
these robots. The research has shown the children are more likely to go for a robot toy than the
old days doll or small house. On the other hand, there has been AI integrated in many such
household appliances such as washing machine, oven, dishwasher, Microwave etc. However, this
entire machine can perform only one function and none of them is cost effective, at least until
now. A house is not an unstructured environment like the outside world, rather is a very
organized system that needs discipline and accuracy. There is also an issue of implementation of
common and basic logic that cannot be integrated into any such algorithm (Akın et al. 2018).
Most of the household requirement requires paying attention to the details and not making some
out of the world logic to do the works. There was a research going on to develop a robot for
folding up a towel at Berkeley. This experiment can easily demonstrate the difficulty of making a
robot for doing household things. On the contrary, the use of robotics has some limitations.
Designing machines do the specified tasks as well as advanced version of robots and adaptive to
the respond as per the changing environment along with autonomous process. However, it has
primary level of complexity level and the levels has scopes to perform the requisite function.

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
3. Research Question, Aim/Objectives and Sub-goals
The research will have the following questions to be analyzed.
 What is the role of robots for guiding itself along with round curvature of stadium
properly?
 What is the process of gigantic amount of garbage at each of the end?
 How the robotic is able in running at 3 hours for performing cleaning task of stadium?
 How to enable robots to drive itself and the sticky road that is full of spilled beverages?
The aim of the project is minimizing the pick as well as place time through developing robot in
order to push rubbish from a stadium step to another end of steps with pushing plate, motor,
navigation system, rechargeable battery.
On the other hand, the research will have the following objectives.
 To critically the role of robots for guiding itself along with round curvature of stadium
properly
 To evaluate the process of gigantic amount of garbage at each of the end
 To make the robotic be able in running at 3 hours for performing cleaning task of stadium
 To enable robots to drive itself and the sticky road that is full of spilled beverages
4. Theoretical Content/Methodology
In order to carry out the research in proper way, it is required to select right methodology for the
research. There are three types of research philosophies such as positivism, interpretrivism and
realism. In the research, positivism philosophies will be used. On the other hand, deductive
approach will be used on the research (Alemi et al. 2015). The research will follow descriptive
research design to conduct the research in proper way. Primary and secondary collection is the
types of data collection technique used in the researches. In the research, secondary data
collection technique will be used in order to collect data for the research. Qualitative data
analysis technique will be used for analyzing data for the research.
5. Experimental Set-up
The use of augmented reality has been a boon for the robot-human interaction. AR is different
from the virtual reality in the sense that the latter is not related to anything real rather it is in a
virtual world whereas AR is an enhanced version of the reality. AR has a mixture of both real as
well as the virtual world (Hsieh et al. 2015). With the use of AR, the virtual object could be
superimposed on the real world and vise versa, and there can be an interaction between the two.
In order to conduct the research, a laboratory set up will be required. In the set up, efficient tools
will be used. The experiments will analyze the questions and analyze the secondary data collected
for the research.
6. Results, Outcome and Relevance
Recently, the automobile industry has taken the use of advanced robotics to a completely new
level integrating it with artificial intelligence. The concept of a driverless car or self-driving cars
always had the core idea as robotization in the automobile sector. This AI integrated cars were
first used in full scale by the United States army and combat division. The US along with Japan
were among the first country to use this technology for their homegrown industry. AI is running

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
many of the drones that are used for surveillance as well as for combat. They have excelled in
this robotics technology (Lejeune 2018). The use of ICT infrastructure that exist today and the
continuous evolution that is needed to keep pace in this sector also attract many researchers into
this field. Robotics has made Internet and integrated technology much more viable, fruitful and
evolving. Google undertook these experiments of driverless cars in 2010 where they tested their
system for thousands of miles in the roads of California. Then, in 2011, there was also a
successful experiment of autonomous cars in Berlin, Germany where many German cars like the
Volkswagen passes successfully (Ball et al. 2017). Uber has also pitched up the idea of a
driverless taxi system where the customers in a driverless car could rent the taxis. They have
incidentally also prepared for flying driverless cars that would be another milestone along with
the idea of hyperactive loop for commutation.
There is also a downside of these robots when exposed in public. Because of the fact that these
robots cannot socialize (at least for now), most of the time it has been observed that the owner
gets bored of these robots very quickly (Orlando et al. 2018). This has been taken up as a
challenge by the researcher who is trying to add socializing elements to these robots. Here too
there is an inadequate knowledge about how the interaction between humans and robots can be
initiated in a social gathering, this also is very critical in the evolution of these socializing
amusement robots. It has to be noted that the current research and development of these types of
AI integrated amusement robots are still in its early days, so it will take some time to evolve the
way we want them to. In future when a robot would be able to socialize with humans, social
intelligence would be the key. This will take many years or even decades to see the light of the
day.
7. Project Planning and Gantt chart
Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
Project 45 64 days Mon 22-10-
18
Thu 17-01-
19
Topic Selection 1 day Mon 22-10-
18
Mon 22-10-
18
Data collection from
secondary sources 3 days Tue 23-10-
18
Thu 25-10-
18 3
Creating layout 5 days Fri 26-10-18 Thu 01-11-
18 4
Literature review 6 days Fri 02-11-18 Fri 09-11-18 5
Formation of the
research Plan 8 days Mon 12-11-
18
Wed 21-11-
18 6
Selection of the
Appropriate Research
Techniques
2 days Thu 22-11-
18 Fri 23-11-18 7
Secondary data
collection 9 days Mon 26-11-
18
Thu 06-12-
18 8
Laboratory set up 5 days Fri 07-12-18 Thu 13-12- 9

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
18
Analysis &
Interpretation of Data
Collection
5 days Fri 14-12-18 Thu 20-12-
18 10
Findings of the Data 6 days Fri 21-12-18 Fri 28-12-18 11
Conclusion of the
Study 7 days Mon 31-12-
18
Tue 08-01-
19 12
Formation of Rough
Draft 2 days Wed 09-01-
19
Thu 10-01-
19 13
Submission of Final
Work 5 days Fri 11-01-19 Thu 17-01-
19 14
8. Conclusions
There have been debates over the utilization of these robots in various sectors. There are arguments that
say that robots are taking away the job prospect of millions of people around the world. It has been seen
that, in many developed countries, automation of the industrial process has resulted on loss of jobs for the
laborers. There is also an opposite statement to this theory, that even though there is a job loss, the quality
of the output is (most industry) superior than that of any human labor. In the context of the robot police,
there will a high probability that the idea will not get through the minds of the people very easily. There
are still physiological as well as emotional barrier attached with robotics and human interaction. Social
intelligence seems to be the key to this gap. There is also a threat of hacking the military robots that could
be disastrous for the nation. The emotional aspect of humanoid is a void that has to be filled in order to
make next generation robotics that would be able to establish a positive interaction between the humans
and the robots.
9. References
Akın, H.L., Amato, N.M., Isler, V. and Van Der Stappen, A.F., 2016. Special Issue on the
Eleventh Workshop on the Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics, 2014.
Alemi, M., Meghdari, A. and Ghazisaedy, M., 2015. The impact of social robotics on L2
learners’ anxiety and attitude in English vocabulary acquisition. International Journal of Social
Robotics, 7(4), pp.523-535.
Ball, D., Upcroft, B., van Henten, E., van den Hengel, A., Tokekar, P. and Das, J., 2017. JFR
Special Issue on Agricultural Robotics. Journal of Field Robotics, 34(6), pp.1037-1038.

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
Barfoot, T.D. and Wettergreen, D., 2016. Special Issue on Space Robotics. Journal of Field
Robotics, 33(2), pp.155-156.
Hsieh, M.A., Khatib, O. and Kumar, V., 2015. Special Issue on the 14th International
Symposium on Experimental Robotics, 2014.
Lee, J., Grey, M.X., Ha, S., Kunz, T., Jain, S., Ye, Y., Srinivasa, S.S., Stilman, M. and Liu, C.K.,
2018. DART: Dynamic animation and robotics toolkit. The Journal of Open Source
Software, 3(22), p.500.
Lejeune, T., 2018. Robotics and upper limb rehabilitation after stroke. In European Congress of
Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.
Majidi, C., 2014. Soft robotics: a perspective—current trends and prospects for the future. Soft
Robotics, 1(1), pp.5-11.
Orlando, S., Gaudioso, E. and de la Paz, F., 2018, April. IDEE: A Visual Programming
Environment to Teach Physics Through Robotics in Secondary Schools. In International
Conference on Robotics and Education RiE 2017 (pp. 241-246). Springer, Cham.
Ranzani, T., Russo, S., Bartlett, N.W., Wehner, M. and Wood, R.J., 2018. Soft Robotics:
Increasing the Dimensionality of Soft Microstructures through Injection‐Induced Self‐Folding
(Adv. Mater. 38/2018). Advanced Materials, 30(38), p.1870282.
Truby, R.L., Wehner, M., Grosskopf, A.K., Vogt, D.M., Uzel, S.G., Wood, R.J. and Lewis, J.A.,
2018. Soft Robotics: Soft Somatosensitive Actuators via Embedded 3D Printing (Adv. Mater.
15/2018). Advanced Materials, 30(15), p.1870106.
Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B. and Floridi, L., 2017. Transparent, explainable, and accountable AI
for robotics.