Role of Motivation and Applicability of Motivational Theories in Business

This essay discusses the role of motivation in business and the applicability of different motivational theories. It covers Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg's motivation hygiene theory, Mc Clelland's Human Motivation Theory, V room's Theory of Expectancy, McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y, Reinforcement Theory and Goal setting theory.

Individual Essay

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAINBODY....................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
References:.......................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
The term motivation is derived from the word motive that means the desires, drives,
needs and wants of an individual. The motivation is a process through which an individual acts
in a certain way in order to achieve its goals and aim. The motivation can be different for
different types of people. The psychological behaviour through which an individual can be
motivated is by the success, desire for money, team work, satisfaction in work, etc. Moreover,
while motivating the employees, it would increase their capability to work in the
business(Abdulrahman and Hui, 2018). There fore, the role of good leadership plays an
important role while growing a business in the market. This is because the motivated employee
would do better work in order to achieve the individual s well as the organisational goals of the
business. This essay will cover the role of motivation in the business along with the
motivational theories. It also outlines the applicability of the these motivational theories in the
present scenario.
MAINBODY
There are several motivational theories that inspires the person to work in a specific and
certain way in order to achieve the pre determined goals and objectives. These motivational
theories can be applied to any person who is working in the business or pursuing their
education. Moreover, these motivational theories can also be classified into two categories such
as extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. The intrinsic motivation is the motivation that
comes internally in a person. This is the motivation that is not derived from the outside
world(Al Amrani, 2020). For instance, if a person likes to cook food and he is told to make jam
from the raw, then the person would be motivated to make a delicious jam. This is because
cooking makes that person happy. The intrinsic motivation is when a person do something that
is enjoyable to him. Moreover, the extrinsic motivation is the motivation that forces a person to
do something in order to get rewards like promotion in the business. So, in the case of extrinsic
motivation it is not enjoyable to the person doing it. But, it is done in order to achieve some
reward from the employer. For instance, work done for review marks and promotion.
Moreover, in any organisation both these theories are applicable as per the situation of the
business(Kim and Oh, 2021).
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The different theories of motivation includes the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs,
motivation hygiene theory of Herzberg, Mc Clelland's Human Motivation Theory, V room's
Theory of Expectancy, McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y, Three Needs Model,
Reinforcement Theory and Goal setting theory. These theories mainly describes about that how
motivation can be applicable in the business among the employees. The Maslow's theory
explains about the motivation that is derived from the needs of the person. This theory explains
needs of a person in the form of a pyramid. The pyramid puts the self actualisation and self
esteem needs at the top. It further pus the physiological needs at the base of the pyramid.
Moreover, the physiological needs would include the need of food, water, shelter and sleep.
The security and the safety needs includes the employment security, health , accommodation,
and financial needs of a person. Moreover, after the completion of these two needs then come
the need for belongings and love. These needs includes the relationships of the person with the
friends, family and colloquies. There are also the self esteem needs that includes the needs of
recognition, rewards and prizes at work. Further more, at the end there are the self actualisation
needs that is related to potential and dreams of the person. This motivational theory can be
applicable by organising rewards and prize giving functions in an organisation. Moreover, in
the end the person needs the recognition. The employer must offer the employee minimum
wage in order to fulfil the needs of the employee. The adequate wage would enable the
employee to get access to health and better living standards of the employee. Moreover, the
business can also introduce the picnic plans, housing facilities, etc. to fulfil these needs of the
employees of a company. Some extrinsic needs can be fulfil by providing raises, events of
recognition, sales competition, mentoring and coaching(Lou and Noels, 2019).
The Herzberg motivation hygiene theory is very less concerned with the life of the
employees outside the business. This theory of motivation basically works on the intrinsic
needs rather than the extrinsic needs of the employees. This theory classifies the needs into
hygiene and motivation. Moreover, as per this theory hygiene needs of the employees must be
fulfilled before the motivation for an employee of the company. The hygiene includes the
working conditions, relationship between the employees, safety and security, etc. The
motivation includes the growth, development, enjoyable work, achievement and advancement
of the employees of the company.
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The Mc Clelland Human Motivation theory also provides a way to motivate the
employees of the company. This theory explains that the individuals have any one need among
the three driving needs that are described in the theory. These three driving needs includes the
affiliation, achievement and power. The achievement would include the extrinsic needs that are
giving prizes and rewards to the employees of the company. Secondly, the affiliation would
include the intrinsic needs that are the needs of love, relationship and belongingness with the
loved ones of the employees of the business. Thirdly, is the power that is an extrinsic need that
would include the needs of status , control and power over the persons in an organisation. This
theory does not centres the intrinsic needs of every individual. Rather, then it focuses on the
extrinsic needs of the employees that are fulfilled as per the conditions in the organization. For
instance, an employee that has the achievements needs could work on the higher team of stress
as long as they need recognition for their efforts(Navy, 2020).
There is one more theory of motivation that is Vroom's Theory of Expectancy. This
theory works with both extrinsic ans extrinsic needs of the people simultaneously. According to
this theory, management is a journey. This theory works on the two beliefs. These two beliefs
are the people believes that that will be successful in the future and can achieve their goals. The
second belief is that these people believes that a reward would be given to them for their
success. This approach of motivational theory is mostly applicable on the small business of
the country. The can be applied as firstly the employer can seek the strengths and capabilities of
the employees. Then, after some time they can assess the progress and can give them
recognition and rewards. Moreover, when the employees achieves their goals then the feel
motivation and finds purpose for their work in an organisation.
The Mc Gregor's Theory X and Theory Y is a motivation theory that motivates the
employees of a company to work. It explains that there are two types of persons that works at
the work place in the business. The type X people are self focusses and lazy. Moreover, these
people do not work for the growth of the business as their main goal. These employees
moreover work only for their own benefit. Moreover, the type Y people are those people who
work for the rewards and the recognition as their main aims in the business. These people who
are in group Y are mainly the self starters(Ng, 2018).
The goal setting theory also motivates the employees of the business. According
to this theory, it explains that the goals must be given to the employees. In addition to this,
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these goals must be specific. This is because these goals would motivate the employees to work
in an efficient manner and to achieve their goals. It also mentions that the employer must give
the specific goal such as sales quota, total number of calls made by the employees for the work,
etc.
The Reinforcement theory also provides an act to motivate the employee of
company. This theory explains that the behaviour of an employee is determined by its external
environment. Moreover, it explains that the behaviour of an employee is dependent on the
actions that are acted on these employees by the business. The Reinforcement theory explains
that there must not be punishment provided for the negative acts done by the employees.
Moreover, the rewards must be given to them for the positive work they do in the business.
This is because the rewards would increase the morale of the employees working in an
organisation. Moreover, they would also be motivated to work more at the work place(Özsoy,
2019).
CONCLUSION
This essay concludes about the role of motivation in an organisation. It also covers the
different motivational theories that are applied in the present market by the employers in order
to motivate the employees of the business. This would mean that these motivational theories
helps in motivating the employees to work more in a positive sense in order to grow the
business. It also concludes about the applicability of these motivational theories.
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References:
Books and Journals
Abdulrahman, A.S. and Hui, X., 2018. Implication of motivation theories on teachers
performance in the context of education system in Tanzania. International Journal of
Secondary Education, 6(3), pp.46-53.
AlAmrani, K.A., 2020. Applicability of the Motivation Theories of Maslow, Herzberg and
Vroom to Contemporary Business Organizations in Oman. International Journal of
Economics, Business and Management Studies, 7(2), pp.202-213.
Kim, Y.M. and Oh, J.S., 2021. Motivation and Meaning of the Elderly Women's Line Dance
Experience. Journal of Digital Convergence, 19(2), pp.471-479.
Lou, N.M. and Noels, K.A., 2019. Language mindsets, meaning-making, and motivation. The
Palgrave handbook of motivation for language learning, pp.537-559.
Navy, S.L., 2020. Theory of human motivation—Abraham Maslow. In Science Education in
Theory and Practice (pp. 17-28). Springer, Cham.
Ng, B., 2018. The neuroscience of growth mindset and intrinsic motivation. Brain
sciences, 8(2), p.20.
Özsoy, E., 2019. An empirical test of Herzberg's two-factor motivation theory.
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