Impact of Nutrition on Health

This assignment delves into the crucial relationship between nutrition and overall well-being. It examines the causes of increasing obesity, the role of diet and exercise in maintaining health, and the impact of nutrition on various age groups. The assignment incorporates interviews with doctors and dieticians to provide diverse perspectives on this important topic.

Running Head: The Role of Nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
Student Name:
Course Name and Number:
Professor Name:
Institution:
Paper Due Date:
Research Proposal
The Role of Nutrition in Reducing Obesity among People in Saudi Arabia

Running Head: The Role of Nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
Table of Contents
RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITLE.............................................................................................1
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................1
Purpose...................................................................................................................................1
Methodology...........................................................................................................................1
Findings..................................................................................................................................1
Practical implications.............................................................................................................2
Value.......................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
Describe the nature of the research topic...............................................................................3
Subject area of the research topic along with the relevance of the research study.................3
Importance of research question.............................................................................................4
Worth of the research topic....................................................................................................5
PROBLEM STATEMENT........................................................................................................6
Identify gaps, problems and unresolved issues......................................................................6
What is the problem................................................................................................................6
Is problem of current interests................................................................................................6
Why is this question important...............................................................................................7
What arouses interests in this topic........................................................................................7
RESEARCH MODEL................................................................................................................8
RESEARCH QUESTIONS........................................................................................................8
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................9
HYPOTHESIS...........................................................................................................................9
Scope and LIMITATION...........................................................................................................9
SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH..........................................................................................10
RELEVANCE OF SELECTED VARIABLE TO EXISTING LITERATURE......................10
Literature review..................................................................................................................10
Summarises concisely literature...........................................................................................13
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................14
Research design....................................................................................................................14
Population.............................................................................................................................14
Sample design.......................................................................................................................14

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
Data collection......................................................................................................................15
Data analysis.........................................................................................................................17
SELF ASSESSMENT..............................................................................................................17
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................18
APPENDICES..........................................................................................................................23

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITLE
The Role of Nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT
Purpose
The focus of the current research lies on analyzing the role of nutrition in losing the
weight of an individual. The aim of the research is to stress on the proper diet of a person by
including healthy nutrients in the daily routine of a person by eliminating all the junk foods
and high-calorie foods (Combs Jr and McClung, 2016). Obesity is one of the biggest issues of
the current world as people eating ratio of the junk food is higher than the healthy food. With
the help of this research, health awareness is created among the people to think more about
their health first as lack of weight management will invite lots of diseases. Collecting facts
and figures for this research will contribute to the social development of the society by
decreasing the number of diseases from the cities by waking people to focus on their health
by making significant changes in their normal diet.
Methodology
Primary collection of data is used by the researchers in collecting data by interviewing
various peoples such as doctors, nutritionist and health minister of the country. For local
citizens of the Saudi Arabia, questionnaires are used by the researcher by distributing the
questionnaires to all the people randomly to take their views and opinions on the current issue
of the research (Spitz, Kim and Ho Gavazza, 2017). In the current world majority of people
are obese which, in turn, attracts lots of diseases which affect the overall environment of the
place. Secondary collection of the data is also used in evaluating the trends of the Saudi
Arabia in terms of increasing obesity as compared to the different parts of the world. Census
records of the country are checked to know about the demographical structures of the nation
to collects facts about the research. The Internet is also used as an important source of
information for generating information related to the nutritional value of foods included in a
normal diet of the citizens of the Saudi Arabia (Ang and Chan, 2016).
Findings
Data is collected from various people by categorizing people into different groups to
proceed with the research easily by getting accurate and reliable data about the current
research topic.
1

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
30 doctors and 40 nutritionists have selected to take their advice on the current matter in
understanding the positive or negative aspects of nutrition in reducing obesity of a person.
100 people have been randomly selected by distributing questionnaires to all of them to take
their consent on the current issue (Geissler and Powers, eds., 2017). Views of the people on
the health issues and importance of nutrition’s will be helpful in concluding the research.
Food served by the 50 restaurants and outlets is interviewed to know their opinion
regarding the inclusion of the nutrition in the daily routine diet of a person, loses weight of a
person or not.
The supervisor will also interview the health minister on this issue to know about all
the policies framed on protecting the health of individuals (Jones and Ejeta, 2016). The
hygienic measures are to be followed by all the restaurants and food outlets in serving the
quality oriented and tasty food to all the people to maintain their health.
Practical implications
Increasing awareness among the people about their health increases the life
expectancy rate of people in the country. Life expectancy rate gets increased due to a
reduction in a number of diseases in the country as obesity is a major issue faced by the
people of the country (Jensen, Frongillo, Leroy and Blake, 2016). Research states that one out
of three people in Saudi Arabia is obese as being the top-rated country in the world, it is
suffering from severe obesity. Health officials declare this problem of the country as Obesity
Epidemic that spoils the image of the nation in the entire world. Implementing healthy
policies in this country can improve the statistical performance of the firm by reducing the
total number of diseases. Healthy people in the country will contribute more towards the
economy as a nation who takes steps in improving the health of the society. It will secure
their position as the best country.
Value
Health is a precious for all individuals as without this, the existence of the life is not imagined
as healthy people can enjoy all the flavours of their life including happiness, sadness, success,
failure, and lot more but unhealthy people spend their whole life in sadness and sorrows as
they lose their hope in recovering from this disease and isolate themselves from the entire
world (Celis-Morales and et.al., 2016). People suffering from severe diseases lost their mind
as they are highly obese who need to go through liposuction surgery and bariatric surgery in
reducing their fat and obesity. Making changes in the diet of these persons can slowly and
2

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
gradually decrease their weight as reducing weight through natural way is more beneficial for
the users as compared to the artificial ways used in eliminating body fats.
INTRODUCTION
Describe the nature of the research topic
This research topic stresses two factors such as nutrition and health of an individual
whose relationship is evaluated by analyzing the role of nutrition in the diet of a person. An
individual gives more priority to his health as no one wants to compromise with the health as
nothing is more important than the health of a person. Taking counselling on involving
nutrition in a daily diet is important as it helps an individual in preventing himself from
various diseases (Navarrete-Muñoz and et.al., 2017). Nowadays young generation is prone to
severe diseases like heart attack due to increased cholesterol in the body. Eating oily food
will result into increasing levels of the bad cholesterol and decreasing good cholesterol.
Nutritious advice is fruitful for the people in improving their health. The shape of the body
depends on the eating habits and lifestyles maintained by a person as an individual eat
healthy food, then they secure their health for forever without building unnecessary belly fat.
Taste is another influential factor in restraining people in adopting healthy diets as people
give more preference to their taste rather than improving their shape of the body. People think
that healthy food has no taste, is the biggest myth that increases resistance among the people
in choosing healthy lifestyle over the misbalanced lifestyle of a person which is full of junk
foods (Mayhew and et.al., 2016). Adopting healthy lifestyle means eliminating all junky
foods, high-calorie foods, and sweets that increase the weight of a person. Protein is regarded
as the important nutrient that strengthen the muscle protein an individual. Nutritionists
suggest spinach, yogurt, garlic and ginger to be included in the diet of a person which
increase the white blood cells which help in fighting against the diseases by boosting the
immunity of a person.
Subject area of the research topic along with the relevance of the research study
This research stresses on an important issue of the current society that is obesity as
due to careless attitude of a person towards their health increases the burden of obesity which
in, turn, increases several risks of a heart attack due to increasing level of cholesterol in the
blood level of a Person. Results of this research promote the social awareness among the
society to focus more on their health. Protection ways from all these risks have been
explained in a research (Wynendaele, Verbeke, Janssens and De Spiegeleer, 2016). Nutrition
3

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
is a specialization that involves the study of minerals, fibre, protein, carbohydrates that help
in improving the normal diet of an individual. Nutrition is a science that involves the study of
the metabolism. Body catabolism is held responsible for increasing or decreasing the weight
of an individual as this shows the breaking of food in the body of an individual. Doctors and
nutritionists recommended in eating slowly to digest the food properly as this directly affect
the metabolism of a person (Diet and et.al., 2016). Another aspect is anabolism which
involves creating of cells and the body tissues as a mixture of both catabolism and anabolism
form the metabolism of a person. Boosting the level of metabolism in the body is beneficial
for the users that help in extracting bad toxins from the body.
In this research, the culture of the Saudi Arabia has been explained in the research
which reveals that majority of people in this country are obese. Higher rates of obesity in the
nation raise a big question on the health facilities offered by the country for their citizens
(Wildman ed., 2016). Rules and regulations of the country also matter in decreasing this issue
as prohibition is necessary on reducing junk food as due to heavy consumption of junk food,
the ratio of obesity has increased from one period to another.
Myth in the society gets resolved by not adopting a healthy lifestyle as most of the
people think that there is no taste in the healthy food. There are two phases that exist in the
world such as obesity and malnutrition. Majority of people in the whole world are starving
due to poverty which results into malnutrition as they can’t get adequate nutrition in a day
and on the other hand obesity exists in the major parts of the world (Prentice and et. al.,
2017). Basic difference among both these situations is due to nutrition in the body of
individuals. In the case of obese person there is lack of good nutrition and ample of bad
nutrition. On the contrary, mal-nutritious people have lack of nutrition as compared to the
normal calories required by a person per day.
Importance of research question
Balance diet plays a significant role in today’s environment as this is a single way to
stay away from the occurrence of severe diseases like heart attack, thyroid, sugar, and
diabetes. Obese persons will likely to have these diseases which need to be avoided by an
entity. Awareness has increased among the people through this research as people come to
know about the positive aspects of a proper diet. Dietician suggests diets to an individual
according to their daily routine to decrease the resistance among the people. Common
perspectives about dieting have changed. With this research as the majority of people think
4

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
dieting means skipping food which results in increasing obesity (Truswell, ed., 2017). A
study reveals that skipping any meal in a day increases starvation in an individual. Doctors
and diet counselors recommend in eating three meals in a day by eating the right food at right
time as skipping food is not the solution in meeting all the problems. The importance of this
research depends on the severity of the research issue. Obesity is a serious issue that spreads
like a wind in all across the world in all the age groups. Due to wrong habits of eating
children’s in the age group of 5-10 years old are mostly prone to these diseases.
Health officials declare obesity as epidemics that affect major parts of the society
ranging from infant to old age people as all the society members are affected by this disease.
With the increasing trend of technology, people do the less physical activity as they can do.
All their daily routine work through technology and various devices (Riley, Bowen, Krause,
Jones and Stonehouse, 2016). Through Electronic shopping modes, people get used to in
purchasing all the household and grocery items through e-commerce sites that decreases the
trend of purchasing the goods by visiting the retail store. The existence of the traditional
shops is essential that forces a person to walk daily to reduce their body fat. When people
remain in their home for a long time and not walk and roam around the places, then this
increases the severe problem of muscle congestion. Increasing body fat firstly targets leg area
as due to lack of walking all fats get stored in the leg muscles. The economic structure of
Saudi Arabia is essential in getting advantages by reducing the risk of obesity and all other
kinds of diseases associated with the obesity (Isolauri, Sherman and Walker, eds., 2017).
Worth of the research topic
This research topic helps in redefining all the policies and regulations framed by the
country officials in getting rid of this problem. Accumulation of fat in various body parts of
individuals impairs the health of a person. The root cause of all the diseases is fat as people
are not taking care of their health. People eat tasty food which is full of calories that store
higher calories in the body of a person. As per the results of the world health organization,
the trend of obesity has increased from the period of 1980 (Saudi Arabia struggles with the
burden of obesity, 2010). In 2014, total obese people in the entire world are more than 1.
Billion which includes most of the people belong to the age group of 18 years or older
people. An aim of this research is to decrease the obesity ratio by presenting the dangerous
future in front of all the people to make them aware about their present health. Taking
precautions by an individual currently will help in improving their health in the future. It says
that ‘An apple a day keeps a doctor away’ is itself shows the importance of healthy food to
5

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
safeguard people from all the viral in the external environment. Due to unhealthy weather, an
individual gets exposed to dust that increases the chances of affecting the health of a person
with the risk of severe diseases.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Identify gaps, problems and unresolved issues
Obesity is an unresolved issue that is affecting the health of several people in Saudi
Arabia as one out of three people in the families of the country is affected by this risk.
Deficiency in the legal structure of Saudi Arabia in explained with the help of this research
which results in the execution of improved regulations in the place of old regulations. This is
to improve the position of the nation in the world regarding health and safety measures taken
by the country (Hammad, Berry and Knafl, 2016). Cultural issues of the country get resolved
in this research. For getting rid of this problem by awaking people about the significance of
the use of adequate nutrition in the daily diet of an entity.
What is the problem
The basic problem individuals face is that they are approaching artificial ways in eliminating
their body fat through surgeries. By adopting this method several side effects of the same
affect the health of an individual (Khoja and et. al., 2016). To overcome this issue, role of the
nutrition is explained to all the citizens of the country in losing their weight by using natural
and healthy ways. Taking diet sessions from the nutrition’s, a person gets the perfect schedule
of eating the right food at the right time which helps in decreasing or increasing the weight of
a person. In today’s busy schedule people eat junk food and ready to eat food as the majority
of their time is spent in an office or in travelling (Alwin Robert and et. al., 2017). But eating
junk food regularly will affect their health as their digestion gets affected which will not
digest the home’s food. Diet counselling is essential to stay in shape as taking medicines for
reducing weight and going gym is to the resolution of this problem.
Is problem of current interests
Health advisors have declared obesity as a curse in the life of children as future of the
country gets affected with the increasing obesity. Body mass index is a measure that helps in
deciding the increasing or decreasing the risk of obesity among children’s. It has determined
that children have higher BMI of 95 or more is considered as obese. Fat in the body stored in
the stomach slowly creates cells which form belly fat that creates lots of problems (Hammad
and Berry, 2016). Obesity in a child is occurring due to genetic problems and hereditary as
6

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
the family backgrounds. Eating habits develop in the child due to their parents as a child
imitates his parents. So this is essential that the parents of a child stay heath that inspires his
child in staying healthy in avoiding all dangerous health issues.
Why is this question important
The department of health and human services has researched on this issue and has
revealed that adolescent has suffered from this issue in which ratio between boys and girls is
separately categorized (Alshahrani and Chandramohan, 2017). This study suggests that 32%
of girls and 52% of boys are prone to this disease which keeps on increasing with the wrong
eating habits of all the children. The rigid mentality is to be changed by alerting people by
increasing seriousness towards the health of an individual (Al-Khaldi, 2016). The existence
of obesity is acted like a black spot in the lives of an individual which decreases the risk of
diseases. The involvement of unhealthy food is higher in the life of children’s such as
noodles, pasta, salty and oily snacks, pizza, burgers. These foods take 3-4 days in digesting as
the digestive systems of the children is not strong enough to digest all junk foods eaten by the
children. By these convenience foods acidity is created in the stomach which increases
stomach burning, constipation (Azzeh and et.al., 2017). Bowel disorder is common among
children due to improper digestion which decreases the sleep count in children. Bad health of
children increases the risk of other factors such as loss of health, lack of sleep, improper
digestion, reduction of white blood cells and platelet count in the body.
What arouses interests in this topic
Nutrition is regarded as the hidden medicine that heals all the problems of an
individual as daily routine food has all the nutrients but better utilization of all this
nutritionist gets increases in the diet prescribed by the counsellors. An individual comes to
know about the secrets of all the food nutritionist that increases strength in their body.
Importance of nutrition gets induces with the results of this research in which focus of the
health advisor lies on prescribing all the healthy food to a person (Aljaaly, 2016). All the
foods that create high calories are eliminated from the daily routine lifestyle of a person such
as replacing milk with soya milk, replacing cottage cheese with tofu. These health options
can be used by a person without hesitating as every healthy food is not boring. Saudi Arabia
is mostly known for their strict rules and regulations related to the protection of women as in
his country women wear Hijab that signifies their cultural regulations. A burden of obesity in
this country is higher as 70% of the citizens of this nation are obese (Alhraiwil and Jradi,
7

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
2016). This fact about the country is not known to all the people has been explained in this
study with facts and figures about the issue.
RESEARCH MODEL
The research models have developed on the research issue of the current study that is
evaluating the role of nutrition in losing the weight of an individual (Al Ahmari and et.al.,
2017). His model has two components such as dependent as well as independent variable.
Independent variable is nutrition and dependent variable is losing weight of an individual
Nutrition has two factors such as good nutrition or bad nutrition and losing weight of an
individual depends on the two factors such as diet and exercise.
Independent variable is Nutrition Dependent variable is Losing weight
Good Nutrition
Cucumber
Tomatoes
Asparagus
Avocado
Soya Milk
Tofu
Soya chunks
Water
Broccoli
Roasted black chickpea Exercise + Diet
Bad Nutrition
Refined Flour
Sugar
Cheese
Processed cheese
Cottage cheese
Oil
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 Explain the concept of nutrition?
8

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
 In what way nutrition contributes in losing weight of individual in Saudi Arabia?
 What is the impact of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia?
 Recommend some strategies to overcome the problem of obesity in Saudi Arabia.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
 To determine the concept of nutrition
 To identify the contribution of nutrition in losing weight of individual in Saudi Arabia
 To analyse the impact of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
 Suggest some strategies to overcome the problem of obesity in Saudi Arabia
HYPOTHESIS
There is no need of developing in this kind of research as this research type is
exploratory research type. In this type of research, the problem has not evaluated properly as
this shows the lack of research which increases the severity of the issue in absence of
executing an appropriate research tool to resolve all the issues (Roumans and et.al., 2017).
Obesity is that issue which is spreading in all major parts of the world that needs to be
stopped in protecting the future generations of the society. In this research, both aspects have
not been analyzed such as an issue of the problem that is obesity and its resolution in the firm
of nutrition.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
It includes the scope and barriers faced by a researcher in collecting evidence for
concluding a research. In distributing questionnaires among all the citizens of the Saudi
Arabia, the researcher faces difficulty in talking with the obese women as according to the
culture of the Saudi Arabia, men are not permitted to talk with another woman as the safety
of women is an important factor in this country (Sieber, 2018). The researcher chooses the
long way of communicating with the women by convincing one of the male members of the
family to interact with the women in their family which requires more time to spend in
collecting data for the research (Augustin and et.al., 2016). Collecting data from doctors and
dieticians is not an easy task as the researcher has to consult 30 doctors for evaluating all the
relevant and accurate data by consulting with the doctors. All the doctors have different
appointment which wastes a lot of time. If the research to get invests on more important tasks
in getting the desired results within a short span of time (Dietz and et.al., 2016). Resistance
issue is another biggest restrictive factor in the data collection as obese people are not ready
9

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
to answer the questions of the surveyor as they can’t face the reality that they are obese as
their BMI level is higher than 95.
SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH
It is important to continue this research as it helps in introducing innovative and
creative practices comes into existence to overcome the current issue (Nasrah and et.al.,
2016). This research focuses on two factors such as dependent variable as well as the
independent variable of the research study. The independent variable of the current research
is nutrition as inclusion or exclusion of nutrition from the daily diet of an individual will
directly affect the weight of a person’s inclusion of nutrition is important but its utilization is
also important as using good nutrients in a food is essential by eliminating all bad nutrients in
the form of junk food that spoils the existing digestion of an individual (Fitzpatrick and et.al.,
2016). The advice on medical plays an integral role as this helps in strengthening all the
resolutions of this study in convincing all the people in the Saudi Arabia. Obese people in the
Saudi Arabia are desperate to get rid of all the problems faced by them by suggesting
adequate nutrition in their life.
RELEVANCE OF SELECTED VARIABLE TO EXISTING
LITERATURE
Literature review
Determine the concept of nutrition
According to the study of Jacobs, Gross and Tapsell, (2009) which observes that
nutrition is one of the important factors to be included in the diet of an individual. It is
difficult for obese people to change the misbalanced diet towards the balanced diet in the
form of god nutrients in their food platter by avoiding all the high-calorie food and junk food
to stay healthy. Research states that diet plays a significant role in maintaining the weight of
an individual by reducing body fat. The habit of an individual has increased towards healthy
food slowly and gradually as a person is used to of eating junk foods and ready to eat foods
which are fully surrounded by all bad nutrients those stores as a fat in a body. The author
focuses on their research on a nice concept of food synergy that includes a study of all the
nutrients present in food that help in maintaining the shape of a person. With the existence of
biological factors in the food, it helps in improving the health of an individual. A synergistic
diet of an individual includes all the super foods that boosted the immunity of a person in
fighting against all the diseases takes places in the external environment. There are various
10

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
super foods suggested by a dietician in a daily diet of an individual that improves the health
of a person. An inclusion of tomato and broccoli in a diet helps in staying away from a
prostate tumour in a person. Including apples in daily routine helps in protecting a person
from the risk of cancer as apples with peels has anti-cancer properties that safeguard an
individual from all kinds of cancers. Risk of heart attack and higher cholesterol problem can
be avoided by a person by including whole grains in a normal diet. Whole grain contains
lower fat that is cholesterol free which is loaded with 15% of protein that increases the
muscle power.
Identify the contribution of nutrition in losing weight of individual in Saudi Arabia
Foster‐Schubert and et.al.,(2012) has asserted that increasing or decreasing weight of
a person depends on the lifestyle of an individual as an individual who does more physical
activity stay fit as compared to the people who stay at home. Due to busy schedules of the
office more time is spent in sitting stores, more fat in the body as compared to the people who
walk more. The research of the author targets 439 obese people and post-menopausal women
to analyze the effects of reduction of calorie in both the individuals by taking the lower fat
diet. By doing a comparison among these two categories people role of the nutrition has
determined in reducing the weight of a person or not (Hazle Jr and Lee, 2016). Two
parameters used by the author in analyzing the final outcome of the reduction of the weight
through low-fat diet and exercise. By including these two factors reduction of the weight of
overweight women has been analyzed over the period.
Fundamentals of this research are to analyze the root cause of the prevalence of the
obesity as it reaches all the levels of epidemic diseases which are creating lots of health issues
in the life of an individual. Due to the lifestyle interventions, the ratio of obesity has
increased from one period to another by increasing heart diseases whose severity even leads
to the death of a person. Results facts say that only 5-10% people’s weight was affected by
the changes in their lifestyle but higher obesity ratio is due to the carelessness of a person
who gives more emphasizes to their taste buds instead of creating a balance in their life.
Diabetes prevention program also participates in the research by testing the sample of 3000
random people and has ascertained that all of them are affected by chronic risks of diabetes.
Increasing cause of diabetes is due to the increasing weight of a person.
Analyse the impact of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
11

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
From the point of view of Caballero, (2005) it suggested that nutrition helps in
bridging the gap among the underweight and overweight people in the developing countries.
Underweight people suffering from adequate nutrition as due to the poor family condition
they can’t eat healthy food in a day which increases dehydration in the form of diarrhoea. On
the another hand, Obese people eat too much which decreases the quantity of good nutrition
in their body which increases the risk of heart attack among all the obese people. Children in
the developing countries are prone to the obesity due to improper food and lack of health and
safety available in the country to overcome this problem (Joseph and et.al., 2016). Legal and
political interventions are higher in these countries that entirely focus on developing the
economic structure of their country rather than emphasizing on the health of all the
individuals.
The comparison among all these countries is based on the total percentage of
overweight people in a single family in these countries. It can be evident from the above
figure that majority of people in Kyrgyzstan and Indonesia are prone to this issue. Increasing
problem of the obesity is due to the environmental structure of the nation as it contributes in
increasing the risk of obesity among the people.
Lack of money is the root cause behind the underweight of all the people as they don’t
have enough money to earn a livelihood for themselves and their family due to which they
are eating the low calorie food along with low quality which is affecting their health. The
quality of the food gets increased when the individuals earn higher wages in a day.
It has dual aspects that poor people eat low-quality foods that help in increasing their
weight as compared to the normal weight person as an inclusion of saturated fats in the form
low-cost vegetable oils increases cholesterol levels (Dev and et. al., 2017). On the contrary,
12

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
to this non-saturated fats are presents in the high-quality oil as rich people use olive oil in
cooking its food which helps in staying themselves in a good shape.
Suggest some strategies to overcome the problem of obesity in Saudi Arabia
Centres for Disease Control, (2013) have asserted that changes take place in the
present will generate in the future in the form of higher returns. The author focus is on
improving the present structure of children’s life as they are regarded as the future
generations. Impact of obesity is affecting the lives of all the children .A majority of children
are suffering from several diseases. Department of health and science shows that there 61%
of children surrounded by the black well of obesity in the age group of 5-10 years old that
increases the risk factors such as heart disease.
School authority plays a significant role in preventing the effect of obesity by
compulsorily using meals in the school. In this approach, the school will inculcate a habit of
eating healthy foods among all the children’s (Kumar Gupta and Amjad Kamal, 2017). A
dietician should be appointed in school to design healthy meals for all the children according
to their body types. The school authorities will medically be examining the health conditions
of all the children regularly in keeping track on their weight to reduce by prescribing healthy
diets to all the children.
Summarises concisely literature
This is the critical evaluation of the thoughts and opinions of the authors on a given topic of
the research study. The focus of the research lies in analyzing the role of nutrition in the lives
of an individual in losing their weight. This critical evaluation will answer all the questions
13

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
such as what, when, where and how the views and thoughts of the authors related to the
current issue of the research study (Silverman, ed., 2016). The reading materials in the
literature review are related to the nutrition such as food synergy concept that includes
various details regarding all the super foods that help in preventing a person from the risk of
cancer and tumours. Research of all the authors in the current research study ranges from
2005 to 2012 by focusing on the major issues related to the problem of obesity. This problem
is about the Saudi Arabia which is fully surrounded with this issue as 70% of the citizens of
this country are struggling with the burden of obesity which increases the risk of heart disease
and diabetes. People of the nation are forced to perform surgeries to get rid of all the
excessive fats in their body which is affecting their overall life (Hewson and Stewart, 2016).
Strategies framed by the authors will be helpful; in overcoming all the problems faced by an
entity. One of the authors has recommended in launching personal diet program in schools to
inculcate healthy eating among all the children’s.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
It is a set of process that is used by investigator for the purpose of analyzing as well as
collecting particular variables given in the research problem. It is a framework which has
been generated to identify the answers to the research question in the study (Giuffrida, 2016).
The main aim of the research design is to understand the depth and clarity of research
problem than the statistical survey. There are various types of research designs that involve
mainly experimental, exploratory, descriptive, and semi-experimental and correlation.
Population
In the present research study, investigator targets population of Saudi that involves a
doctor, nutritionist, and health minister. A sample size of doctors and Nutritionist are 30 and
40 for the purpose of taking advice and understand their perception regarding obesity issues.
They gather information about the nutrition value so; they create awareness among the
obesity person to stay healthy (Cole, 2017). They also target health minister to gain
knowledge about the health policies framed by them. It is related to give protection to all the
citizens of a country from the unhygienic food. It influences the restaurants to produce food
outlets that serve high quality of food so, they maintain its body.
14

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
Sample design
It is that type of sample design that is mainly made up of two components. It is a
framework that shows the interest of a population on the basis of a sample survey. There are
various types of sample design which are mainly based on the two main factors. It involves
basis of representation and element selection approach (Holt, ed., 2016). On the basis of
representation, the researcher adopts the probability sampling method or non-probability. On
element basis, the investor will choose either restricted or non-restricted sample. Therefore,
there are mainly two types of research design that will be taken in the research involves
probability and non-probability sampling (Willson and et.al., 2017.). In the present research
study, the random sampling method has selected so, that each member gets the equal chance
of providing information about the present research topic. It is one the best technique that is
used to gather information among the overall target population. The 100 people of Saudi
Arabia have selected and distributed questionnaire in the research study. It helps them to
understand their viewpoints regards to health issues.
Data collection
Data collection is that process under which the researcher used to obtain information
for the purpose of identifies answer of research question from the selected number of
population. The types of methods are Quantitative and Qualitative to gather the information
for the purpose of carrying out the research study effectively. The Quantitative method
mainly relies on the random sampling that generates outcomes which are easy in generalize,
summarize & compare (Sitnikova and et.al., 2017). The strategy includes in it are
observation, experiment, face to face interview or telephone interviews and questionnaire etc.
On the other hand, the qualitative method adopted by an investigator helps in enhancing the
quality of survey. The strategies involved in it are depth interview, document review and
observation methods. In the present research study, the questionnaire method has adopted to
acquire data about the research topic. Under this, the questionnaire is distributed among a
large number of people to understand their responsiveness about research issues (Plante, and
Cox, 2016). The main of conducting the survey is to gather information about the problem of
obesity in the people and develop the solution to reduce the number of diseases. The
questionnaire is distributed among the local people of Saudi. It assists them to find out
perception and viewpoints about the current issue of a research study.
Name
15

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
Age
Sex
 Male
 Female
 Transgender
Which is your favourite food out of the below options?
 Healthy food
 Junk food
How frequently to eat junk food?
 Once in a week
 Daily
 Once in a month
 Rarely
 Never
What you eat in junk food?
 Pizza
 Pasta
 Noodles
 Burger
 Ice-cream
Which mode you prefer in purchasing grocery items?
 Retail store
 Online store
What you prefer to eat in lunch?
 Bread
 Whole chicken
 Cheese
 Burger
 Vegetables
Out of the following options given below, do you suffering from any disease?
 Diabetes
 Sugar
 Cholesterol
 Thyroid
16

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
Please provide you opinion________________
Data analysis
There are mainly two types of data analysis are qualitative and quantitative. The
researcher has adopted a quantitative method to analyze and evaluate the viewpoint among
people about obesity issue. The questionnaire method distributed among the target population
to know their favourite food, the frequency of eating fast food, type of junk food eaten etc.
Apart from this, types of diseases they are suffering from consumption of unhealthier food
and their choice of food in their lunchtime. On the basis of the survey, it has been analyzed
from the data gather among the target people of Saudi Arabia through a questionnaire. The
number of majorities prefers to eat junk food such as Pizza, Burger, and Noodles. The young
generation eats burger and cheese in their daily routine lunchtime (Hadjistavropoulos,
Malloy, Douaud and Smythe, 2016). For this reason, they are suffering from the Diabetes,
heart and Cholesterol problem due to the increase of fast food consumed in their daily life. It
has been evaluating that the government should take some measures are conduct health
campaign and programmers etc. to create awareness among the necessity of healthier life.
SELF ASSESSMENT
I feel grateful in choosing this research topic as this is related to the lives of all the
individuals. Researching on the topic obesity is important as it helps in ascertaining all the
solutions in getting rid of the current problem. In conducting research in the given area, I
faced various difficulties in terms of lack of support from the legal officials of the Saudi
Arabia as the country will give preference to its countrymen (Cuthbert,Whiteneck, Corrigan,
and Bogner, 2016). Selecting this topic, I need to think twice as this issue is related to the
social problems of the society whose facts and figures need to be accurate to guide all the
users of the research. I also faced trouble in choosing research methods such as secondary or
primary as selecting primary method will require more funding in collecting accurate data by
knocking doors of all the people in the Saudi Arabia. I need to search data from all the states
and cities of the Saudi Arabia.
17

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
REFERENCES
Books and journals
Al Ahmari, A. S., and et.al., 2017. Prevalence of Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
among Patients Presented in Cardiology Clinic at King Abdul-Aziz Hospital and Oncology
Center-Jeddah. Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 68(2).
Alhraiwil, N. J. and Jradi, H., 2016. Parental perception and attitude toward their children’s
weight status in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Najla Alhraiwil. The European Journal of Public
Health. 26(suppl_1). pp.ckw171-020.
Aljaaly, E., 2016. Physical activities of young girls in Saudi Arabia. Obesity Reviews. 17.
pp.81-82.
Al-Khaldi, Y., 2016. Abha statement and the upcoming hope to control obesity in Saudi
Arabia. Saudi Journal of Obesity. 4(2). pp.57-57.
Alshahrani, M. M. and Chandramohan, S., 2017. A cross-sectional study on prevalence of
obesity and its association with dietary habits among college students in Abha, Saudi
Arabia. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health. 4(5). pp.1406-
1412.
Alwin Robert, A., and et.al., 2017. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: Major
Challenges and Possible Solutions. Current diabetes reviews. 13(1). pp.59-64.
Ang, J. L. and Chan, M. Y., 2016. Development of a checklist (I-SEAVD) for public health
nutrition programmes related to cardiovascular disease in Southeast Asia. Public health.
140. pp.80-83.
Augustin, M. A., and et.al., 2016. Role of food processing in food and nutrition
security. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 56. pp.115-125.
Azzeh, F. S., and et.al., 2017. Trends in overweight or obesity and other anthropometric
indices in adults aged 18-60 years in western Saudi Arabia. Annals of Saudi Medicine.
37(2). p.106.
Caballero, B., 2005. A nutrition paradox—underweight and obesity in developing
countries. N engl j med. 352(15). pp.1514-1516.
18

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
Celis-Morales, C., and et.al., 2016. Effect of personalized nutrition on health-related
behaviour change: evidence from the Food4me European randomized controlled
trial. International journal of epidemiology, p.dyw186.
Centers for Disease Control, 2013. Make a difference at your school.
Cole, A., 2017. Response: Re: Primary Care Patients' Willingness to Participate in
Comprehensive Weight Loss Programs: From the WWAMI Region Practice and Research
Network. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 30(2). pp.264-265.
Combs Jr, G. F. and McClung, J. P., 2016. The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition
and health. Academic press.
Cuthbert, J. P., Whiteneck, G. G., Corrigan, J. D. and Bogner, J., 2016. The reliability of a
computer-assisted telephone interview version of the Ohio State University Traumatic
Brain Injury Identification Method. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation. 31(1).
pp.E36-E42.
Dev, D. A and et.al., 2017. Engaging Parents to Promote Children’s Nutrition and Health:
Providers’ Barriers and Strategies in Head Start and Child Care Centers. American Journal
of Health Promotion. 31(2). pp.153-162.
Dietz, W. H and et.al., 2016. Chronic Disease Prevention: Tobacco, Physical Activity, and
Nutrition for a Healthy Start. National Academy of Medicine.
Dietz, W. H., and et.al., 2016. Chronic Disease Prevention: Tobacco, Physical Activity, and
Nutrition for a Healthy Start. National Academy of Medicine.
Fitzpatrick, S. L.,and et.al., 2016. An evidence-based guide for obesity treatment in primary
care. The American journal of medicine. 129(1). pp.115-e1.
Foster‐Schubert, K. E. and et.al., 2012. Effect of diet and exercise, alone or combined, on
weight and body composition in overweight‐to‐obese postmenopausal women. Obesity.
20(8). pp.1628-1638.
Geissler, C. and Powers, H. eds., 2017. Human nutrition. Oxford University Press.
Giuffrida, M. A., 2016. Defining the primary research question in veterinary clinical
studies. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 249(5). pp.547-551.
19

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
Hadjistavropoulos, T., Malloy, D. C., Douaud, P. and Smythe, W.E., 2016. Ethical
orientation, functional linguistics, and the codes of ethics of the Canadian Nurses
Association and the Canadian Medical Association. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research
Archive. 34(2).
Hammad, S. S. and Berry, D. C., 2016. The Child Obesity Epidemic in Saudi Arabia: A
Review of the Literature. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, p.1043659616668398.
Hammad, S. S., Berry, D. C. and Knafl, K., 2016. Recruitment and retention in studying
childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia.
Hazle Jr, C. R. and Lee, M., 2016. Strategies to overcome size and mechanical disadvantages
in manual therapy. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 24(3). pp.120-127.
Hewson, C. and Stewart, D. W., 2016. Internet research methods. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holt, N. L. ed., 2016. Positive youth development through sport. Routledge.
Isolauri, E., Sherman, P. M. and Walker, W. A. eds., 2017. Intestinal Microbiome:
Functional Aspects in Health and Disease: 88th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, Playa
del Carmen, September 2016. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers.
Jacobs, D. R., Gross, M. D. and Tapsell, L. C., 2009. Food synergy: an operational concept
for understanding nutrition. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 89(5). pp.1543S-
1548S.
Jensen, M. L., Frongillo, E. A., Leroy, J. L. and Blake, C. E., 2016. Participating in a food-
assisted maternal and child nutrition and health program in rural Guatemala alters
household dietary choices. The Journal of nutrition. 146(8). pp.1593-1600.
Jones, A. D. and Ejeta, G., 2016. A new global agenda for nutrition and health: the
importance of agriculture and food systems. Bulletin of the World Health Organization.
94(3). p.228.
Joseph, R. P and et.al., 2016. Results of a culturally adapted Internet-enhanced physical
activity pilot intervention for overweight and obese young adult African American
women. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 27(2). pp.136-146.
20

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
Khoja, T., and et.al., 2016. Abha Document on Control of Overweight and Obesity in Saudi
Arabia. Saudi Journal of Obesity. 4(2). p.88.
Kumar Gupta, G. and Amjad Kamal, M., 2017. Current Views on Neurodegeneration:
Computational to Clinical Research. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 17(12).
pp.1319-1319.
Mayhew, A. J., and et.al., 2016. Nutrition labelling, marketing techniques, nutrition claims
and health claims on chip and biscuit packages from sixteen countries. Public health
nutrition. 19(6). pp.998-1007.
Nasrah, R., and et.al., 2016. Defining the role of dietary intake in determining weight change
in patients with cancer cachexia. Clinical Nutrition.
Navarrete-Muñoz, E. M., and et.al., 2017. Food industry funding and epidemiologic research
in public health nutrition. Gaceta sanitaria.
Plante, J. D. and Cox, T. D., 2016. Integrating Interview Methodology to Analyze Inter-
Institutional Comparisons of Service-Learning within the Carnegie Community
Engagement Classification Framework. Journal of Academic Administration in Higher
Education. 12(1). pp.65-72.
Prentice, R. L and et.al., 2017. Low-fat dietary pattern and cardiovascular disease: results
from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, p.ajcn153270.
Riley, M. D., Bowen, J., Krause, D., Jones, D. and Stonehouse, W., 2016. A survey of
consumer attitude towards nutrition and health statements on food labels in South
Australia. Functional Foods in Health and Disease. 6(12). pp.809-821.
Roumans, N. J., and et.al., 2017. A role for leukocyte integrins and extracellular matrix
remodeling of adipose tissue in the risk of weight regain after weight loss. The American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 105(5). pp.1054-1062.
Sieber, C. C., 2018. The Role of Nutrition in Rehabilitation of Older Adults. In Rehabilitation
Medicine for Elderly Patients (pp. 181-190). Springer, Cham.
Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage.
21

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
Sitnikova, K., and et.al., 2017. Systematic review of questionnaires measuring somatization
in primary care. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 97. p.169.
Spitz, R., Kim, L. and Ho Gavazza, J., 2017. Development and Testing of a Pilot Integrated
Mental Health and Nutrition Education Program for Low-Income Families in Southern
California.
Truswell, S. ed., 2017. Essentials of human nutrition. Oxford University Press.
Wildman, R. E. ed., 2016. Handbook of nutraceuticals and functional foods. CRC press.
Willson, M. L., and et.al., 2017. Questionnaires used to assess barriers of clinical guideline
use among physicians are not comprehensive, reliable, or valid: a scoping review. Journal
of clinical epidemiology.
Wynendaele, E., Verbeke, F., Janssens, Y. and De Spiegeleer, B., 2016. The human
microbiota in health and disease: the role of quorum sensing peptides. In 10th INRA-
ROWETT joint symposium on Gut Microbiology: 20 years and counting. Institut National
de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA); Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health.
Online
Saudi Arabia struggles with the burden of obesity, 2010. Available through: <
https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/saudi-arabia-struggles-with-the-burden-of-obesity-
1.536360> [Accessed on 15th September 2017].
22

Role of nutrition in reducing obesity among people in Saudi Arabia
APPENDICES
Interview with doctors
What do you think what is the cause of increasing obesity?
Increasing heart diseases is common in which age groups?
What is more important diet or exercise?
How many patients you have who are obese?
Interview with dietician
Do you think lack of nutrition is the primary cause behind increasing obesity?
What are was of nutrients present in a body of a person?
Diet prescribed by you has side effects or not?
23