Public Health Challenges and Roles

This assignment examines current public health challenges faced by the UK, focusing on the evolving role of local authorities. It delves into specific issues such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes prevalence, and the impact of NHS reforms on healthcare delivery. The analysis draws upon academic literature and official reports to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex landscape of public health in the United Kingdom.

ROLE OF PUBLIC
HEALTH IN HSC

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The role of public health in health and social care plays an important role so that patients
can be made aware of the different types of diseases which can affect their health. Many political
as well as health care organisations are taking initiative in order to make aware general public
regarding the safety they can undertake to protect their health. Major role of NHS is to prevent
the poor health and also promote the healthy living which is important in order to reduce the
health inequalities and sustain the NHS for the future generations. Further, cited firm has
different partnership with their staff members and their delivery partners are also responsible for
implementing a strategy in order to improve the mental and physical health of the individuals.
The relationship between the prevalence of major diseases and the requirement of health service
support plays an important role in the health and social care. Effective care need to be given to
patients and for that different health care professionals, doctors and nurses should be given
training so that they can enhance their skills and knowledge in effective manner. Individual
should be highly concerned for his/her health and safety in order to add years to their life. Being
healthy requires a specific attention of the individual over some specific task that defines enables
them to stay fit, secure and free from any disease like HIV, Ebola, Swine flu, etc

Role Of Public Health In Health And Social Care
TASK 1
Health and Social Care (HSC) relates to the services which are given by the health care
providers. It is one of the generic term which is used in the whole of the healthcare provisions
and effective services are rendered by doctors, nurses and caretakers. Nowadays, it is considered
as a major aspect because people are suffering from different types of diseases and significantly
it is resulting sometimes as a death for individuals. Many political as well as health care
organisations are taking initiative in order to make aware genral public regarding the safety they
can undertake to protect their health. Many campaigns, road shows, etc. are conducted by these
organisations so that individuals must be aware of what is good and what is bad for them.
According to Wootton-Beard and Ryan (2011) World Health Organisations (WHO) is a
specialised agency which is basically concerned about the public health. WHO generally make
aware about different communicational disease like HIV aids, Ebola, Malaria, tuberculosis, etc.
The major role of WHO is to improve the dietary practice and also improve the physical ability
of individuals. Further, organisations also provide leadership on matters relating with health and
engaging in the partnership where some joint actions are severely required. Other role of
mentioned organisations is to set the norms and standards in order to monitor the plan which is
implemented. Swayne, Duncan and Ginter (2012) stated that there are also different health care
organisations who are working in order to improve the health conditions of the individuals.
National Health Service (NHS) is one of them. It is an association which is formed with the help
of 4 government bodies of UK. These are Scottish government, Welsh government, Northern
Ireland executive and UK government. NHS is generally known as public funded health care
association where amount comes from taxation and also from the national insurance contributors.
Further, European Medical Agency has always been in contact with the European Union
and different professionals in order to come up with the best of the solutions for disease which is
spreading most commonly. Further, it is also necessary for local authorities to conduct health
care program, seminars so that they can make aware the general public regarding the same.
From the view point of Wild and et. al., (2012) the major role of NHS is to prevent the
poor health and also promote the healthy living which is important in order to reduce the health
inequalities and sustain the NHS for the future generations. Further, cited firm has different
partnership with their staff members and their delivery partners are also responsible for

implementing a strategy in order to improve the mental and physical health of the individuals.
Further, there are different public hospitals in UK which are part of the NHS and they follow all
the plans and polices which are framed by this association (The new public health role of local
authorities, 2012). Moreover, there are different types of diseases from which individuals usually
suffer and it is necessary for different hospitals to cure the patients as soon as possible.
Moreover, Tulchinsky and Varavikova (2014) stated that HIV aids is an infection which
is caused due to human immunodeficiency. This disease generally spread due to unprotected sex
or breastfeeding. However, some of the body fluids like saliva and tears does not transmit the
HIV. Some of the core methods to get safe from it is safe sex, needle exchange programs.
However, there is no such cure of the particular disease but there are certain ways through which
the normal life expectancy of persons gets increased.
From the above statistics, it is clearly evident that the people suffering from HIV aids are
mostly belong to sub-shara africa. In year 2014, there were around 2 million new HIV infections
and out of it almost 200,000 were children. This is because their mothers were HIV+ and they
have been affected badly because of breastfeeding and during the time of their pregnancy. It is
also evident from the statistics that individuals who belong from western and central Europe is
Illustration 1: People suffering from HIV around the globe
(Source: GLOBAL HIV AND AIDS STATISTICS. 2016)

also suffering from this diseases and it is necessary for NHS and different health care bodies to
look over the same in order to reduce the death rates.
From the statistics, it is evident that around 98,000 individuals were suffering from HIV in UK
by the year end 2012 and out of them 22% were not aware of this infection. Moreover, from the
check up of patients it is found that there are 6,300 new patients who is suffering from the same
disease which has generally increased the tally of individuals who are suffering from HIV. Local
bodies in UK has to do something in order to reduce this number because it is increasing at
constant rate. Further, with the particular disease, the deaths in the nation are also continuously
increasing and it is impacting the growth of UK upto great extent. Further, the individuals who
are suffering from Aids and individuals who are found that they were having aids is also
increasing with significant number. Thus, now the role of NHS and different hospital bodies will
come into play and therefore they have to plan different campaigns and awareness program to
protect the coming generation to get the rid of the same.
Illustration 2: People suffering from HIV in UK
(Source: UK HIV & AIDS Statistics)

Further, the non-infectious disease like diabetes is also spreading from the earlier age
only and the ratio tend to increase year by year. Thus, it is necessary for government as well as
the health care units to take the initial step so that people get aware of the drawbacks of the
disease. Further, there are two types of diabetes people on comes into type 1 and the other in type
2. Type 1 diabetes generally occurs in the childhood or early age and it generally happens when
pancreas fails to generate the insulin. On the other side, Type 2 occurs when the body is not able
to make enough insulin and also if it is not working properly
According to Alakeson (2013) the effectiveness of different types of approaches and
strategics which are used by government is continuously increasing because local body is aware
of the health of the residents who are living their in the country. Further, mentioned body is
taking different steps to control the sickness of diseases like HIV, Ebola, etc. Educating
individuals towards the same is considered as most effective strategy because by using this
approach large number of audience will be informed regarding the sickness of the disease. For
instance, teachers can teach students relating the drawbacks of the diseases which will help them
to take prior precautions for the same. Further, Birnbaum (2012) stated that immunization is also
treated as one of the most effective strategy as with it, individual will be protected from the
mentioned disease. However, people who is suffering from HIV mainly results into death
because their exist no prior solution. But doctors and other health care professionals are focusing
on preparing vaccines and medicines so that their life expectancy rate gets increased and they can
Illustration 3: Diabetes prevalence in UK
(Source: Diabetes, 2015)

live happily with their loved ones. Further, by conducting different campaigns and health
promotional seminars, individuals can be educated regarding the impact of these diseases and the
ways they can use in order to not to get in touch with such diseases. Moreover, effectiveness of
this health care campaigns generally provide effective and appropriate information regarding
how particular disease is spread.
Further, the strategies which are opted by local communities, government bodies are
unique and it is necessary for these bodies to promote the drawbacks of the disease in the minds
of individuals. Apart from it, government also taking initial steps to protect the citizens right and
they want that individual gets free from all sort of diseases. Thus, it is found that government of
UK and different health care bodies can consider these approaches in order to restrict the
influence of these harmful diseases. By implementing them in successful manner, government
will be able to achieve their goals and objectives by improving the health of public in UK.
TASK 2
For attaining the well being of individual living in the local areas of UK, there exist
different types of current priorities and approaches which are generally identified with due
respect to the different provision for people because of their some serious disease and illness. In
order to provide utmost quality of services to the individuals of UK, several priorities have to be
discussed by the local government with the NHS and different professionals of hospital firms.
Further, giving audience education regarding the spreading up of infectious disease is treated as
first priority of local body in UK. With the help of such types of practices, certain control over
spreading of these harmful diseases will be done which will give individual successful and
healthy life. According to Anderson and McFarlane (2010) proper guidance and education
should be given to people so that they can be aware of the harmful implications of the diseases.
For this, government and health care organisations can conduct seminars, road show, campaigns
and state show to aware general public regarding the consequences of the particular disease.
According to Bowen, Privitera and Bowie (2011) government of UK has second priority
in order to cure the patient disease by the fund which is obtained through taxes from the
individuals. Hospital ventures has to treat all patients equally and should not discriminate them
on the basis of any sort of discrimination. They should be awarded with best of the health care
facilities in the hospital ventures. NHS is a government body who generally looks over the

patients who serve from various severe diseases. It is also necessary to cure them as soon as
possible with the help of different measures and precautions. Moreover, it is also necessary local
body to invest the fund in the purchase of different surgical machines so that patient is cured
effectively and also in the best of the manner. Apart from it, their exist two types of basic
approaches with regard to the different provision of the services for services given to ill patients.
These approaches are palliative and remedial care. Palliative care is given to patients when
he/she is suffering from severe diseases in form of HIV aids, ebola, cancer, etc. In this type of
care, emotional support is also given to them because their exist less chance of getting them fit
and well. Bogg, (2011) argued that in case of remedial care, hospital ventures have to modify
their services according to the specific care needed by the individuals. With this way, hospital
ventures can cure patients effectively so that they can live healthy life.
The relationship between the prevalence of major diseases and the requirement of health
service support plays an important role in the health and social care. Effective care need to be
given to patients and for that different health care professionals, doctors and nurses should be
given training so that they can enhance their skills and knowledge in effective manner. Further,
HIV is considered as highly communicable disease which transfers easily from one body to the
another. Generally the cases of these HIV and other infectious diseases are high because
individuals are not aware of their symptoms. Further, relationship between the prevalence of
disease and also the requirement of health service is really high. Further, with increase in illness
of patients, there require more beds and health care to patients. Further, patients who are
suffering from the health care services in UK has been significantly increased in last 10 years.
However, Carpenter and et.al., (2004) stated that the training program conducted by the local
bodies as well as the hospital organisation has reduced the risk of infection. Further, the health
care professionals generally focus on dealing with the patients and giving them effective care so
that they can overcome and bridge the gap between the prevention as well as treatment.
Moreover, public and private partnership also helps in sharing the burden of different disease by
which patients are suffering. Moreover, planning of effective control and taking prevention
remedies is considered as an important part of this process,. Further, when the patients come to
know regarding the disease which they are suffering, they are in need of expertise treatment so
that they can work and behave according to the guidance given by the health care experts.

According to Clark (2011) changing lifestyles of the individuals is considered as high risk
in the health inequalities among the individuals in UK. Their inequality in the eating habits,
working for complex working hours, not doing exercise, etc. has increased the rate of the obesity,
blood pressure and also the number of individuals who are suffering from the heart disease.
These all factors generally lead towards the serious health issues for the future. Moreover, the
youth and kids are in danger for the future because they usually take unhealthy diets, consumes
alcohols and cigarettes which will significantly lead into their ill health at an early age. Glanz
and Ishop (2010) also supported that it will certainly lead towards the increase in demand of
health and social care practice within UK in coming years. In order to reduce the same,
government and health care organisation should run the promotional campaigns to aware the
children regarding the drawback of the fast food as well as of consuming these alcohols.
Implementation of good practice will make them fit and they will certainly live for the long
years.
TASK 3
It is examined from the information provided by the Hudson, (2011) that an individual
should be highly concerned for his/her health and safety in order to add years to their life. Being
healthy requires a specific attention of the individual over some specific task that defines enables
them to stay fit, secure and free from any disease like HIV, Ebola, Swine flu, etc. In that case, the
person needs to focus on some areas according to their priorities in their lifestyle which include
providing hygienic and safer environment, eating good food, taking proper precautions,
maintaining a diet chart and many more. In respect to the people of London should also
determine and consider the following aspects as the main consideration of well-being and staying
healthy. In London, the hospitals are generally providing better environment and effective sets of
health and social-care to their entire group of patients. The hospitality practices are highly
focused on providing professional and caring services that to be given by the service providers of
the health-care society. The council members of Brent provides effective health-care services and
facilities to their residents and has developed a common hospital in the middle of their borough.
The hospital is in the private sector unit that focuses on providing the effective health and social
care services in the society in order to minimize the health inequalities in the society. The
priorities of the hospitals are safety, security and mobility in diet.

Moreover, it has been contradicted by Jones, Hillier and Comfort (2009) which states that
the way of serving safety measures and creating healthy environment for the patients can be
effectively managed and they can be prevented from getting interaction with any of the infectious
and communicable diseases. They further depicted that describing the set of priorities is the only
way for well being of the patients which can be achieved by implementing better structuring of
health and social care in an effective manner (Hillier and Comfort, 2009). Along with this, it is
ascertained that determinant of safety and health could in the form of personal health practices
and regulations, coping safer set of skills, etc. By defining the level of priorities of prevention an
individual can be effectively carried out from any kind of infectious diseases like HIV, Ebola,
Swine flu, etc. Moreover, the method motivation can be also beneficial for an individual that can
be used to raise the criteria of promoting the self care. They have adopted the provision like
maintaining quality, implementing friendly environment and providing choices in treatment. The
quality care assist the patient in quick recovery and satisfactory results. Thus, the hospital
provides the effective and quality care to its patients in order to define the efficiency of treatment
and health-care programs.
Along with this, the study of Mahmud and Barbier (2014), specified that an individual
health can be also improved by adopting a proper strategies and set of policies that ensure high
level of healthy and safer conditions for the people. The major focus of the study was on the
hospitals and other related health-care organisations are aimed on providing professional and
effective care services to the entire group of patients. They are extremely concerned on
developing innovative ways of curing a patient from the disability or any disease in limited time
period so that he/she can enjoy living his/her life. In addition to this, such organisations are
emphasized on developing their group of doctors, surgeons and service providers in order to
maintain their ability to serve and recover the patient frequently. For this, they have adopted
some specific aspects and strategies like service provisions, quality of provisions, complaint
policy, familiar relations, etc. This has encouraged the hospital provisions and their factors to
supply crucial, innovative and effective services. The main target of such procedures are to
maintain a positive result in their operational and functional duties.
The studies of Mobaraki and Söderfeldt (2010), contradicted that the adoption of
provisions is effective but it increases specific working boundaries and creates a limitation level
of services. Moreover, the hospital should directs its attention on developing a team of highly

trained and expert team of professionals which can handle every critical situation and identify
more ways of evaluating success (Mobaraki and Söderfeldt, 2010). Furthermore, the focus of the
organization should be on supplying a better form of advanced health care and social services by
attending each patient in appropriate way. They should assess the information about the patient
by listening to their issues and health problems and accordingly, provide them the emotional and
medical support. All these practices would facilitate the team in attaining the high standards of
practices in the society.
In addition to this, the information gained from the survey of Tulchinsky and Varavikova
(2014), evidenced that hospital and their aspects are highly responsible to attain positive results
of health improvements in the entire patients. In that context, the main purpose of such
organisation or association is to improve the health and well being of an individual by adopting
and implementing various changes that are to be identified and applied by the health and social
care organization (Tulchinsky and Varavikova, 2014). The focus of the organisation is on
implementing health provision, education regarding health, reducing complaints and
emphasizing proper treatments. They could opt for the option of implementing the concepts and
approaches like partnership working in the health and social care setting which is also considered
as one of the great impacting change. By providing, this type of family relationship which can be
effectively developed through merging the activity of local as well as national health care
services. Along with this, by complying with such type of practices that are effective and
professional to the local individual which can be given by the health and social care organization.
According to the study of Wild and et. al., (2012), which depicted that an activity is being
identified that can be enforced with an aim to promote the nature and behaviour of change with
an aim of maximizing health benefits in the context of an individual in health and social care
organization. The organisation is going to develop a team of professionals which has to arrange
the effective means of counselling the public and patients towards healthy regime of life, healthy
diet and need of exercise. This program has provided the free help to more than 500 people of the
London borough. In that respect, health awareness and consultancy can be reasoned as one of the
most positive resultant way with the aid to which change in the behaviour of an individual can be
effectively addressed. In addition to this, the activity of providing health based education to the
respective and the negative effect of the diseases like HIV, Ebola, Swine flu, etc. can be easily
communicated to them.

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